scholarly journals Sports-psychiatry and psychotherapy for alpine sports

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Alpine Environment ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Alpine Rescue

Alpine sports are comprised of multiple disciplines like mountaineering, climbing, ice-climbing, high-altitude mountaineering, trekking, canyoning and ski-mountaineering. However, there is no standardised definition of alpine sports. Alpinism in a broader sense includes as well mountain science, mountain guiding and alpine rescue. Hence this article focuses on sport activities in an alpine environment and on the possible psychiatric impact thereof.

Developing the State-of-the-Art Space Suit

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Bill Ayrey
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Air Force ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Space Suit ◽  
Definition Of

What is the definition of a space suit? This chapter explains and chronicles the development of the model XMC2-ILC pressure suit for the early U.S. Air Force high-altitude aircraft.

scholarly journals Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Plateau of Xining,Qinghai: Verification of Berlin Definition Plateau Criteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Liu ◽  
Chun Pan ◽  
Li-Ning Si ◽  
Shijun Tong ◽  
Yi Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Berlin Definition ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome（ARDS） is a common respiratory critical illness. The high altitude hypoxic environment has a great influence on its occurrence and development. Now we lack clear diagnostic definition of high altitude acute respiratory distress syndrome.To verify the application value of Berlin Definition plateau criteria of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Xining , Qinghai ( 2261m).Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of ARDS patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from January 2018 to December 2018. The severity was divided according to the Berlin definition, the plateau standard, and the Zhang standard, and the differences of three standards were compared.Results In this study, 512 patients with mechanical ventilation were selected. 229 patients who met the criteria of Berlin Definition plateau criteria , including 107 patients with mild ARDS (46.72%), 84 moderate patients (36.68%) and 38 severe ARDS patients (16.59%). Among 253 meet Berlin definition patients , 49(19.77%) were mild,148(58.50%) were moderate,and 56 (22.13%) were severe ARDS. There are 204 patients that meet Zhang criteria, among the 204 enrolled patients, 87(42.65%) were ALI and 117(57.35%) were ARDS. The AUROC of the Berlin Definition, the Plateau criteria and Zhang criteria were 0.6675 (95% CI 0.5866-0.7484), 0.6216 (95%CI 0.5317-0.7116) and 0.6050 (95% CI 0.5084-0.7016).Conclusion For Xining, Qinghai, the Berlin Definition Plateau oxygenation index correction criteria can distinguish the severity of ARDS , but it needs to be enlarged and confirmed by multicenter clinical studies.

scholarly journals Aquifer geochemistry of crystalline rocks and Quaternary deposits in a high altitude alpine environment (Kauner Valley, Austria)

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Strauhal ◽  
Christoph Prager ◽  
Bernard Millen ◽  
Christoph Spötl ◽  
Christian Zangerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Alpine Environment

Novel sampling methods for atmospheric semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs) in a high altitude alpine environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 157 (12) ◽  
pp. 3290-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Offenthaler ◽  
G. Jakobi ◽  
A. Kaiser ◽  
M. Kirchner ◽  
N. Kräuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Alpine Environment ◽  
Volatile Organic

Transient sediment supply in a high-altitude Alpine environment evidenced through a10Be budget of the Etages catchment (French Western Alps)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 890-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Delunel ◽  
Peter A. van der Beek ◽  
Didier L. Bourlès ◽  
Julien Carcaillet ◽  
Fritz Schlunegger
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Alpine Environment

Cardiac function and pulmonary hypertension in Central Asian highlanders at 3250 m

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 1902474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Lichtblau ◽  
Stéphanie Saxer ◽  
Michael Furian ◽  
Laura Mayer ◽  
Patrick R. Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Definition Of

The question addressed by the studyChronic exposure to hypoxia increases pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in highlanders, but the criteria for diagnosis of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) are debated. We assessed cardiac function and PAP in highlanders at 3250 m and explored HAPH prevalence using different definitions.Patients and methodsCentral Asian highlanders free of overt cardiorespiratory disease, permanently living at 2500–3500 m compared to age-matched lowlanders living <800 m. Participants underwent echocardiography close to their altitude of residence (at 3250 m versus 760 m).Results173 participants (97 highlanders, 76 lowlanders), mean±sd age 49±9 years (49% females) completed the study. Results in lowlanders versus highlanders were systolic PAP (23±5 versus 30±10 mmHg), right ventricular fractional area change (42±6% versus 39±8%), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (2.1±0.3 versus 2.0±0.3 cm), right atrial volume index (20±6 versus 23±8 mL·m−2), left ventricular ejection fraction (62±4% versus 57±5%) and stroke volume (64±10 versus 57±11 mL); all between-group comparisons p<0.05. Depending on criteria, HAPH prevalence varied between 6% and 35%.The answer to the questionChronic exposure to hypoxia in highlanders is associated with higher PAP and slight alterations in right and left heart function compared to lowlanders. The prevalence of HAPH in this large highlander cohort varies between 6% according to expert consensus definition of chronic high-altitude disease to 35% according to the most recent definition of pulmonary hypertension proposed for lowlanders.

A revision of the genus Andesipolis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Mesostoinae) and redefinition of the subfamily Mesostoinae

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4216 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO MITIO SHIMBORI ◽  
CAROLINA DA SILVA SOUZA SOUZA-GESSNER ◽  
ANGELICA MARIA PENTEADO-DIAS ◽  
SCOTT RICHARD SHAW
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Definition Of

Mesostoinae is a poorly understood subfamily, with a classic Gondwanan distribution. Historically, its members have been classified in as many as nine different subfamilies and/or tribes. Formally comprising seven genera (Andesipolis, Aspilodemon, Hydrangeocola, Opiopterus, Mesostoa, Praonopterus and Proavga), there are at least six more genera (Apoavga, Austrohormius, Canberria, Doryctomorpha, Hormiitis and Neptihormius) to be included based on morphological and geographical data. Here, we discuss the placement of the Neotropical genus Andesipolis Whitfield & Choi within Mesostoinae, and provide a revised definition of the subfamily. We revise the genus Andesipolis, and provide descriptions of 22 new species from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Ecuador. A key to known species is also presented. The distribution of Andesipolis is exclusive to high altitude or high latitude regions in South America, especially in mountain ranges along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. 

scholarly journals Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Plateau of Xining,Qinghai: Verification of Berlin Definition Plateau Criteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Liu ◽  
Chun Pan ◽  
Li-Ning Si ◽  
Shijun Tong ◽  
Yi Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Berlin Definition ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome（ARDS） is a common respiratory critical illness. The high altitude hypoxic environment has a great influence on its occurrence and development. Now we lack clear diagnostic definition of high altitude acute respiratory distress syndrome.To verify the application value of Berlin Definition plateau criteria of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Xining , Qinghai ( 2261m).MethodsRetrospective analysis of the clinical data of ARDS patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from January 2018 to December 2018. The severity was divided according to the Berlin definition, the plateau standard, and the Zhang standard, and the differences of three standards were compared.ResultsIn this study, 512 patients with mechanical ventilation were selected. 229 patients who met the criteria of Berlin Definition plateau criteria , including 107 patients with mild ARDS (46.72%), 84 moderate patients (36.68%) and 38 severe ARDS patients (16.59%). Among 253 meet Berlin definition patients , 49(19.77%) were mild,148(58.50%) were moderate,and 56 (22.13%) were severe ARDS. There are 204 patients that meet Zhang criteria, among the 204 enrolled patients, 87(42.65%) were ALI and 117(57.35%) were ARDS. The AUROC of the Berlin Definition, the Plateau criteria and Zhang criteria were 0.6675 (95% CI 0.5866-0.7484), 0.6216 (95%CI 0.5317-0.7116) and 0.6050 (95% CI 0.5084-0.7016).ConclusionFor Xining, Qinghai, the Berlin Definition Plateau oxygenation index correction criteria can distinguish the severity of ARDS , but it needs to be enlarged and confirmed by multicenter clinical studies.

Nasal Function Changes at High Altitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Ottaviano ◽  
Ennio Nardello ◽  
Alfonso Luca Pendolino ◽  
Martino Dalla Pozza ◽  
Massimiliano Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Base Camp ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Small Cohort ◽  
Nasal Cytology ◽  
Nasal Function ◽  
Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow

Background An ever-increasing number of people are involved in sport activities at high altitude. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the pulmonary and nasal functions, including nasal cytology, in healthy volunteers moving for 1 week from an altitude of 2000 m to another of 3400 m. Methods Peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), pulmonary function, including peak expiratory flow (PEF), mucociliary transport time (MCTt), nasal cytology, and oxygen saturation (O2 sat) were studied in 5 different occasions—T1: at base camp (2000 m); T2: at the mountain refuge (3400 m); T3: after 7 days at 3400 m; T4: after the return at the base camp (2000 m); and T5: at the base camp (2000 m) after 15 days. Results With respect to T1, PEF values decreased at T2 ( P = .004), T3 ( P = .004), T4 ( P = .000), and T5 ( P = .001). Forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity did not differ among the 5 different times of measurements. In regard to T1, PNIF values increased at T2 ( P = .003) and T3 ( P = .001). MCTt and O2 sat showed similar but opposite changes with MCTt increased at T2 and T3 in respect to T1 ( P = .000 for both), while O2 sat decreased at T2 and T3 in respect to T1 ( P = .000 for both). At nasal cytology, the number of neutrophils increased at T2 in respect to T1 ( P = .008). At multivariate analysis, PNIF changed with altitude from T1 to T4 even accounting for the effect of all the other variables (T1 vs T2 PNIF, P = .009; T1 vs T3 PNIF, P = .007; T1 vs T4 PNIF, P = .021). Conclusions Although the study has some limitations, being conducted on a small cohort and at no controlled environmental conditions, data seem to support the utility of MCTt for studying nasal mucosa damage induced by high altitude. Nasal cytology seems to be able to identify the inflammation of the nasal mucosa exposed to hypoxia. Further investigations on larger series and possibly conducted in hypobaric chamber at controlled standardized conditions are necessary in order to confirm these results and, most importantly, the improvement of PNIF at high altitude.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document