La controverse sur l'électricité animale dans l'Italie du XVIIIe siècle : Galvani, Volta et... d'autres /The controversy over animal electricity in 18th-century Italy : Galvani, Volta and... others

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Xviiie Siècle ◽  
Xviiie Siecle

Comment le rapport au texte biblique transforme le rapport au texte littéraire au XVIIIe siècle : le cas Rousseau

2013 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Geneviève Di Rosa
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Xviiie Siècle ◽  
Radical Enlightenment ◽  
Biblical Intertextuality ◽  
Full Force ◽  
Xviiie Siecle ◽  
Book Of Judges ◽  
Literary Reception

In the 18th century, the Bible felt the full force of criticism by radical Enlightenment thinkers who read it piece by piece and denounced the process of its creation as an imposture – thus extending the break initiated by moral and historical critiques of the previous century. In doing so, they nevertheless failed to grant it the literary status of a “profane work”. Yet, Rousseau, who produced a literary rewriting of the Book of Judges with his Levite of Ephraim, pondered over the violence inflicted on biblical intertextuality during his exile in Môtiers: in his Letters Written from the Mountain, he compared it to the violence caused to his own literary works. By draw-ing this parallel, he opened a reflection on the different manners of reading a text, as well as the possibility of regulating the reader’s violence through proposing an ethics of literary reception. Analogy might not work as a substitute; however, it enabled Rousseau to go beyond the mistreatment which anti-philosophers or philosophers inflicted on his works, by giving, among other things, an autobiographical orienta-tion to his writing: one in which the author is ready to take responsibility for giving himself to the reader. The ambivalence of the sacred and the profane, the perception of a common essence of religion – defined either by sacrifice or gift – were thus what helped Rousseau invent the autobiographical pact.

L’hypopeinture greuzienne et ses palimpsestes narratifs au XVIIIe siècle

2015 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Nadège Langbour
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Xviiie Siècle ◽  
Xviiie Siecle

In the 18th century, the paintings of Greuze had much success. The literature took against these paintings. It transposed them in narrative texts. Diderot and Aubert, described paintings of Greuze by using the literary kind of the moral tale. Thus, they respected moral spirit of the painting of Greuze. But when paintings of Greuze were transposed in the novels, this moral spirit had been perverted : the novels respected stating of Greuze, but they used it to produce a different statement.

La jurisprudence de l'intendant en Hainaut français au XVIIIe siècle

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
Cédric Glineur
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Xviiie Siècle ◽  
Xviiie Siecle

Abstract Referring to precedents in the eighteenth-century quasi-judicial practice of the intendant in French Hainault. – Following the practice already in use in the King's Council and government departments, the Commissioner in the French Hainault province (commissaire départi en Hainaut) started towards the beginning of the 18th century to keep all documents received or drafted by his offices. These documents included the orders he issued in adjudicating cases brought before him. As intendant, he had at his disposal the files of the proceedings in which he had had to reach a decision in his quasi-judicial capacity. Judgements rendered in previous cases could help him to solve new cases. As these precedents were documented in his records, he was able to develop a case law in particular areas, such as tax litigation.

scholarly journals L'épistolier au féminin au XVIIIe siècle : Lettres d’une Péruvienne de Mme de Graffigny

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Mª Angeles Sánchez Hernández
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Epistolary Novel ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Xviiie Siècle ◽  
Xviiie Siecle

En este artículo presentamos un análisis de la obra de Mme de Graffigny Lettres d’une Péruvienne (1747), novela que tuvo un éxito considerable en el momento de su publicación, aunque presentaba unas tesis altamente críticas sobre la situación de la mujer en la sociedad de la Ilustración. Situaremos nuestro análisis de la obra en el contexto de la novela epistolar francesa del siglo XVIII. Destacamos los elementos que consideramos innovadores en este trabajo en relación con el género al que pertenece. In this article we present an analysis of the work of Mme de Graffigny Lettres d'une Péruvienne (1747), a novel which was a considerable success at the time of its publication, although it presented a thesis on the situation of women in Lumière's highly critical society. We situate our analysis of the work in the context of the epistolary novel in France in the 18th century. We highlight the elements that we consider innovative in this work in relation to the genre to which it belongs.

The Development of Gerunds as Objects of Subject-Control Verbs in English (1400-1760)

Diachronica ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Fanego
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Early Modern English ◽  
Xviiie Siècle ◽  
Xviiie Siecle ◽  
Article Analyse

SUMMARY The article offers an analysis of the development of the gerund, as an alternative to the infinitive, with verbs of subject control, such as attempt, bear, decline, forbear, etc. In the course of the early Modern English period, and particularly during the first half of the 18th century, there is a steady increase in the use of the gerund with most of the verbs in question, and it is suggested that the ultimate reason behind this trend might be related to a parallel rise in the use of -ing forms in other areas of the grammar of English, and, more specifically, to the generalization of the progressive. The process of implementation of the move from infinitival to gerundive complementation is also examined: important factors promoting the diffusion of the gerund are the type of verb, the closeness of the text to an oral mode of expression and the syntactic and semantic environment. RÉSUMÉ Cet article analyse le developpement du gerondif en anglais, en concurrence avec l'infinitif, apres des verbes tels que attempt, bear, decline, for-bear, intend ou like. Au cours de la periode examinee (1400-1760), et en particulier pendant la premiere moitie du XVIIIe siecle, on assiste a une augmentation progressive dans l'emploi du gerondif avec ce type de verbe exprimant une sorte de controle. L'auteur propose qu'un tel accroissement aurait pu, en derniere analyse, se produire avec la generalisation des formes verbales en -ing dans d'autres domaines de la grammaire de l'anglais. Les facteurs qui favorisent la progression du gerondif sont surtout: le type de verbe, le style du texte et l'environnement syntaxique et/ou semantique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Aufsatz untersucht die Entwicklung des Gerundiums im Englischen als Ersatzform zum Infinitiv nach Verben wie attempt, bear, decline, forbear, intend oder like. Im Laufe der untersuchten Zeitspanne (1400-1760), beson-ders wahrend der ersten Halfte des 18. Jahrhunderts, findet eine standige Zu-nahme des Gerundium-Gebrauchs bei besagten Verbklassen statt, und es liegt nahe, daß diese Zunahme letzten Endes mit der allgemeinen Verbreitung an-derer Verbformen auf -ing in anderen Bereichen der Grammatik des Englischen in Verbindung steht. Die Faktoren, die das Vordringen des Gerundiums begünstigen, sind hauptsachlich die Verbart, der Textstil (formal versus um-gangssprachlich) und das syntaktische und semantische Umfeld.

scholarly journals Le Portugal dans le livre de Geographie pour la jeunesse au XVIIIe Siècle et au début do XIXe

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (70) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Huber
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Xviiie Siècle ◽  
Xviiie Siecle

PORTUGAL IN GEOGRAPHY BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG IN THE 18TH CENTURYAND EARLY 19TH CENTURY. It is a little known fact but since the 18th century a small number of young people in most European countries have had access to many books on geography. What is Portugal’s position in this type of literature? What image do the authors want to give children through their texts and illustrations? This note seeks to find answers to these questions.

scholarly journals L’esprit féminin du siècle des Lumières dans les lettres espagnoles : Louise d’Épinay, Anne-Thérèse de Lambert et Marie de Rabutin-Chantal (Madame de Sévigné)

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-31
Author(s):  
Beatriz Onandía
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Xviiie Siècle ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Religious Morality ◽  
Xviiie Siecle

Résumé: Louise d’Épinay, Anne-Thérèse de Lambert ou Marie Rabutin Chantal, plus connue sous le nom de Madame de Sévigné, sont des auteures dont la réception marqua un tournant au sein des cercles les plus élitistes de l’Espagne du XVIIIe siècle, et plus particulièrement pour les lectures qui étaient celles des femmes espagnoles de l’époque. Des lectures qui, depuis des temps immémoriaux, étaient caractérisées par une tendance morale et religieuse notoire, ainsi que par le martèlement des valeurs traditionnelles et patriarcales inculquées dès le plus jeune âge au genre féminin. Pour toutes ces raisons, ce travail s’intéressera à la fortune littéraire et à la réception de ces trois pédagogues françaises en Espagne, ainsi qu’à la traduction de leurs œuvres, à leur influence sur certaines intellectuelles espagnoles de l’époque et aux différentes versions qui en furent publiées tout au long de de la période des Lumières en Espagne. Mots clés: France-Espagne, XVIIIe siècle, pédagogie, traduction, femmes. _________________________ The women’s Studies of the Age of Enlightenment in Spanish letters: Louise d’Épinay, Anne-Thérèse de Lambert and Marie de Rabutin-Chantal (Madame de Sévigné).  Abstract: The Spanish reception of authors such as Louise d’Épinay, Anne-Thérèse de Lambert or Marie Rabutin Chantal, better known as Madame de Sévigné, had a before and after in the most elite circles of the Eighteenth century Spain and especially in the readings of Enlightenment Hispanic women. Readings, which from time immemorial, were characterized by a flagrant religious morality and by the continual repetition of traditional and patriarchal values, imposed on the feminine gender from an early age. For all this, this work will focus on the literary fortune and the Spanish reception of these three French pedagogues, as well as their translations, their influence on some Spanish intellectuals of the time and the different versions published throughout Hispanic Lights. Keywords: France-Spain, 18th century, pedagogy, translation, women.

Le discours préfaciel au XVIIIe siècle à travers le Dictionnaire de l’Académie (1718) et le Dictionnaire de Trévoux (1721). Essai de classification

Revue Romane ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-331
Author(s):  
Verónica C. Trujillo-González
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
French Academy ◽  
Xviiie Siècle ◽  
The One ◽  
Xviiie Siecle

Abstract The 18th century was a very productive period from a lexicographic point of view. In that century, the French Academy published four new editions of their dictionary, being the second edition (1718) the one that included major revisions (1718). The Dictionnaire de Trévoux (1721) is also considered to be one of the pillars of 18th century lexicography in France, with eight published editions. The comparison of the prefaces of these two major pieces of French lexicography, in spite of their different conceptions, will allow us to establish the big strategical lines that have marked French Lexicography during the first part of the 18th century, as well as presenting how two of the most important dictionaries of the French 18th century are organized.

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