Faculty Opinions recommendation of TGF-beta-dependent suppressive function of Tregs requires wild-type levels of CD18 in a mouse model of psoriasis.

Background: Positron-emission-tomography (PET) using 18F labeled florbetaben allows noninvasive in vivo-assessment of amyloid-beta (Aβ), a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In preclinical research, [18F]-florbetaben-PET has already been used to test the amyloid-lowering potential of new drugs, both in humans and in transgenic models of cerebral amyloidosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial pattern of cerebral uptake of [18F]-florbetaben in the APPswe/ PS1dE9 mouse model of AD in comparison to histologically determined number and size of cerebral Aβ plaques. Methods: Both, APPswe/PS1dE9 and wild type mice at an age of 12 months were investigated by smallanimal PET/CT after intravenous injection of [18F]-florbetaben. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data were used for quantification of the PET data by volume of interest analysis. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of [18F]-florbetaben in vivo as well as post mortem cerebral Aβ plaque load in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were analyzed. Results: Visual inspection and SUVs revealed an increased cerebral uptake of [18F]-florbetaben in APPswe/ PS1dE9 mice compared with wild type mice especially in the cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum. However, SUV ratios (SUVRs) relative to cerebellum revealed only significant differences in the hippocampus between the APPswe/PS1dE9 and wild type mice but not in cortex; this differential effect may reflect the lower plaque area in the cortex than in the hippocampus as found in the histological analysis. Conclusion: The findings suggest that histopathological characteristics of Aβ plaque size and spatial distribution can be depicted in vivo using [18F]-florbetaben in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model.

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Effect of Yuzu (Citrus junos) Seed Limonoids and Spermine on Intestinal Microbiota and Hypothalamic Tissue in the Sandhoff Disease Mouse Model

Medical Sciences ◽

10.3390/medsci9010017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Mayumi Minamisawa ◽

Takuma Suzumura ◽

Sudeep Bose ◽

Tetsuyuki Taniai ◽

Gota Kawai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Neuronal Degeneration ◽

Sandhoff Disease ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Wild Type ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Citrus Junos ◽

Hypothalamic Tissue

The effect of limonoids and spermine (Spm) extracted from yuzu (Citrus junos) seeds on the gut and the brain in a mouse model with Sandhoff disease (SD) was investigated. Wild-type and SD mice were fed a normal diet, or a diet supplemented with limonoid, Spm, or limonoid + Spm for 14–18 weeks, and then 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with extracted DNA from their feces was executed. For SD control mice, intestinal microbiota was mostly composed of Lactobacillus and linked to dysbiosis. For SD and wild-type mice fed with limonoids + Spm or limonoids alone, intestinal microbiota was rich in mucin-degrading bacteria, including Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Firmicutes, and displayed a higher production of short-chain fatty acids and immunoglobulin A. Additionally, SD mice fed with limonoids + Spm or limonoids alone had less inflammation in hypothalamic tissues and displayed a greater number of neurons. Administration of limonoids and/or Spm improved the proportions of beneficial intestinal microbiota to host health and reduced neuronal degeneration in SD mice. Yuzu seed limonoids and Spermine may help to maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota and hypothalamic tissue in the SD mouse model.

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Breeder Diet Strategies for Generating Ttpa-Null and Wild-Type Mice with Low Vitamin E Status to Assess Neurological Outcomes

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Katherine M Ranard ◽

Matthew J Kuchan ◽

John W Erdman

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Wild Type ◽

Future Studies ◽

Neurological Outcomes ◽

Transfer Protein ◽

And Function ◽

The Brain ◽

Vitamin E Status

ABSTRACT Studying vitamin E [α-tocopherol (α-T)] metabolism and function in the brain and other tissues requires an animal model with low α-T status, such as the transgenic α-T transfer protein (Ttpa)–null (Ttpa−/−) mouse model. Ttpa+/− dams can be used to produce Ttpa−/− and Ttpa+/+mice for these studies. However, the α-T content in Ttpa+/− dams’ diet requires optimization; diets must provide sufficient α-T for reproduction, while minimizing the transfer of α-T to the offspring destined for future studies that require low baseline α-T status. The goal of this work was to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of 2 breeding diet strategies on reproduction outcomes and offspring brain α-T concentrations. These findings will help standardize the breeding methodology used to generate the Ttpa−/− mice for neurological studies.

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Wild-Type Hras Suppresses the Earliest Stages of Tumorigenesis in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0140253 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e0140253 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jamie D. Weyandt ◽

Benjamin L. Lampson ◽

Sherry Tang ◽

Matthew Mastrodomenico ◽

Diana M. Cardona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Wild Type ◽

Genetically Engineered Mouse Model

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Assessment of Global and Local Alterations in Retinal Layer Thickness in Ins2 (Akita) Diabetic Mice by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2018/7253498 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrew W. Francis ◽

Justin Wanek ◽

Mahnaz Shahidi

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Normative Values ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Wild Type ◽

Global And Local ◽

Akita Mice ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose/Aim. The Ins2 (Akita) mouse is a spontaneous diabetic mouse model with a heterozygous mutation in the insulin 2 gene that results in sustained hyperglycemia. The purpose of the study was to assess global and local retinal layer thickness alterations in Akita mice by analysis of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images.Materials and Methods. SD-OCT imaging was performed in Akita and wild-type mice at 12 and 24 weeks of age. Inner retinal thickness (IRT), outer retinal thickness (ORT), total retinal thickness (TRT), and photoreceptor outer segment length (OSL) were measured. Mean global thickness values were compared between Akita and wild-type mice. Local thickness variations in Akita mice were assessed based on normative values in wild-type mice.Results. Akita mice had higher blood glucose levels and lower body weights (p<0.001). On average, IRT, ORT, and TRT were approximately 2% lower in Akita mice than in wild-type mice (p≤0.02). In Akita mice, the percent difference between retinal areas with thickness below and above normative values for IRT, ORT, and TRT was 22%, 32%, and 38%, respectively.Conclusions. These findings support the use of the Akita mouse model to study the retinal neurodegenerative effects of hyperglycemia.

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