Faculty Opinions recommendation of Chronic spinal hemisection in rats induces a progressive decline in transmission in uninjured fibers to motoneurons.

Abstract Purpose: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) encompasses a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by gradual and progressive decline in behavior and/or language. Identifying the subtypes of FTLD can be challenging with traditional assessment tools. Growing empirical evidence suggests that language measures might be useful in differentiating FTLD subtypes. Method: In this paper, we examined the performance of five individuals with FTLD (two with frontotemporal dementia, two with semantic dementia, and one with progressive nonfluent aphasia) and 10 cognitively normal older adults on measures of semantic binding (Semantic Object Retrieval Test and semantic problem solving) and abstracted meaning (generation of interpretive statement and proverb interpretation). Results and Conclusion: A differential profile of impairment was observed in the three FTLD subtypes on these four measures. Further examination of these measures in larger groups will establish their clinical utility in differentiating the FTLD subtypes.

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Forma Dat Esse

History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis ◽

10.30965/26664275-02302007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 423-446

Author(s):

Sylvain Roudaut

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

De Trinitate ◽

Late Middle Ages ◽

History Of ◽

The Middle Ages

Abstract This paper offers an overview of the history of the axiom forma dat esse, which was commonly quoted during the Middle Ages to describe formal causality. The first part of the paper studies the origin of this principle, and recalls how the ambiguity of Boethius’s first formulation of it in the De Trinitate was variously interpreted by the members of the School of Chartres. Then, the paper examines the various declensions of the axiom that existed in the late Middle Ages, and shows how its evolution significantly follows the progressive decline of the Aristotelian model of formal causality.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of An intrinsic microRNA timer regulates progressive decline in shoot regenerative capacity in plants.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725339718.793505653 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Ilha Lee ◽

Hyunjoo Eom

Keyword(s):

Regenerative Capacity ◽

Progressive Decline

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Towards Better Drug Repositioning: Targeted Immunoinflammatory Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666191108160643 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Qin zhang ◽

Ming Yang ◽

Ying Xiao ◽

Yachun Han ◽

Shikun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Drug Repositioning ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Pathogenic Factor ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

Novel Treatment

: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and important microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The main clinical features of DN are proteinuria and a progressive decline in renal function , which are associated with structural and functional changes in the kidney. The pathogenesis of DN is multifactorial, including genetic, metabolic and haemodynamic factors, which can trigger a sequence of events. Controlling metabolic risks such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia is not enough to slow the progression of DN. Recent studies have emphasized immunoinflammation as a critical pathogenic factor in the progression of DN. Therefore, targeting inflammation is considered a potential and novel treatment strategy for DN. In this review, we will briefly introduce the inflammatory process of DN and discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of antidiabetic drugs when treating DN.

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Prey Size Decline as a Unifying Ecological Selecting Agent in Pleistocene Human Evolution

Quaternary ◽

10.3390/quat4010007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Miki Ben-Dor ◽

Ran Barkai

Keyword(s):

Prey Size ◽

Prey Availability ◽

Stone Tool ◽

Foraging Efficiency ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Large Prey ◽

Biomass Density ◽

Cultural Changes ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

Brain Expansion

We hypothesize that megafauna extinctions throughout the Pleistocene, that led to a progressive decline in large prey availability, were a primary selecting agent in key evolutionary and cultural changes in human prehistory. The Pleistocene human past is characterized by a series of transformations that include the evolution of new physiological traits and the adoption, assimilation, and replacement of cultural and behavioral patterns. Some changes, such as brain expansion, use of fire, developments in stone-tool technologies, or the scale of resource intensification, were uncharacteristically progressive. We previously hypothesized that humans specialized in acquiring large prey because of their higher foraging efficiency, high biomass density, higher fat content, and the use of less complex tools for their acquisition. Here, we argue that the need to mitigate the additional energetic cost of acquiring progressively smaller prey may have been an ecological selecting agent in fundamental adaptive modes demonstrated in the Paleolithic archaeological record. We describe several potential associations between prey size decline and specific evolutionary and cultural changes that might have been driven by the need to adapt to increased energetic demands while hunting and processing smaller and smaller game.

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The Workers' Movement and Political Change in Spain, 1956–1977

International Labor and Working-Class History ◽

10.1017/s014754791300015x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 70-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xavier Domènech Sampere

Keyword(s):

Social Dynamics ◽

Labor History ◽

Academic Research ◽

The Political ◽

Franco Regime ◽

Common People ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

The Common ◽

Open The Doors ◽

Young Researchers

“That the number of our Members be unlimited” … Today we might pass over such a rule as a commonplace: and yet it is one of the hinges upon which history turns. It signified the end to any notion of exclusiveness, of politics as the preserve of any hereditary elite or property Group … To throw open the doors to propaganda and agitation in this “unlimited” way implied a new notion of democracy, which cast aside ancient inhibitions and trusted to self-activating and self-organising processes among the common people.E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class The decline of labor history in the research agenda of senior Spanish scholars matches the surprising interest in it of young researchers as indicated by the opening of new lines of research and the explosion of studies on other social movements that also have a strong class character in their origins. Moreover, despite the progressive decline of published academic research on the quintessential social movement, the truth is that its history is still crucial for understanding the political and social dynamics of the late Franco regime and the first years of democracy for at least two reasons.

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THE DURATION OF THE BREEDING SEASON OF FOUR BREEDS OF SHEEP

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas74-053 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 389-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. J. DUFOUR

Keyword(s):

Sexual Activity ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Estrous Cycles ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

Daily Exposure ◽

Almost All

Three breeds of sheep (Dorset, Leicester, and Suffolk) and a crossbred line from these breeds (DLS) were observed throughout 1 yr to determine their sexual activity by daily exposure of the ewes to vasectomized rams. The DLS and Dorset ewes exhibited their first estrus earlier in the year (P < 0.01) and stopped cycling later than the Leicester and Suffolk ewes (P < 0.01). The duration of the breeding season in the DLS ewes was 20 days (P > 0.05) longer than in the Dorsets and 70 and 115 days (P < 0.01) longer than in the Leicester and Suffolk ewes, respectively. The percentage of Dorset and DLS ewes showing one or more estrous periods increased progressively from June to reach 100% in September for both breeds. The Suffolk and Leicester ewes commenced to cycle in late August and by September almost all ewes had shown an estrous period. The progressive decline in estrous activity became evident first with the Suffolk in January, then with the Dorset and Leicester in February and with the DLS in March. The Dorset, DLS and Leicester ewes had longer estrous cycles than the Suffolk ewes. Within ewes, length of estrous cycles was highly repeatable for all breeds. False estrus and silent estrus occurred in 1.0 and 3.9% of the estrous periods, respectively. Over successive estrous cycles, length of estrous cycles increased significantly.

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Transmissible Mitochondrial Hypovirulence in a Natural Population of Cryphonectria parasitica

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.1.88 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 88-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dipnath Baidyaroy ◽

David H. Huber ◽

Dennis W. Fulbright ◽

Helmut Bertrand

Keyword(s):

Natural Population ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽

Specific Restriction ◽

Hyphal Contact

A cytoplasmically transmissible hypovirulence syndrome has been identified in virus-free strains of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica isolated from healing cankers on American chestnut trees in southwestern Michigan. The syndrome is associated with symptoms of fungal senescence, including a progressive decline in the growth potential and abundance of conidia, and elevated levels of respiration through the cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidase pathway. Conidia from senescing mycelia exhibited varying degrees of senescence ranging from normal growth to death soon after germination. Cytoplasmic transmission of hypovirulence between mycelia occurred by hyphal contact and coincided with the transfer of a specific restriction fragment length polymorphism from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the donor strains into the mtDNA of virulent recipients. The transmission of the senescence phenotype was observed not only among vegetatively compatible strains but also among incompatible strains. Hypovirulence was present in isolates from the same location with different nuclear genotypes as identified by DNA fingerprinting. This study confirms that mitochondrial hypovirulence can occur spontaneously and spread within a natural population of a phytopathogenic fungus.

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Changes in levels of foliar carbohydrates and myo-inositol before premature leaf senescence of Populus nigra induced by a mixture of O3 and SO2

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b96-120 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 965-970 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. C. Fialho ◽

J. Bücker

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Populus Nigra ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽

Leaf Yellowing ◽

Premature Leaf Senescence ◽

Early Indication

Specimens of Populus nigra L. cv. Loenen exhibit premature leaf senescence when exposed for a few weeks to realistic air pollution. In this study, the changes in levels of foliar carbohydrates and myo-inositol (MI) due to 30 ± 1 nL/L O3 + 12 ± 1 nL/L SO2 from the onset of exposure to the occurrence of premature abscission is presented. Petioles and laminae of the 12 oldest leaves were separately analysed on days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 22, and 32 of continuous exposure, which was performed in open-top chambers (OTC). On days 8 to 12, clearly prior to yellowing (starting on day 22), total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC; starch + raffinose + sucrose + glucose + fructose + MI) in the fumigated laminae exceeded that in controls by about 30%. This increase was due to higher amounts of different soluble forms, while starch remained unaltered. From day 20 onwards, the level of TNC in the fumigated laminae progressively fell below that in controls. This decrease was due to a progressive decline in starch, which had started on day 16 and was dominating, although glucose and raffinose increased significantly. In the petioles, starch, sucrose, and glucose decreased because of fumigation with the occurrence of leaf yellowing, while raffinose increased. In contrast, MI in the petioles progressively accumulated directly on exposure until leaf yellowing occurred. The results are discussed in terms of the "general adaption syndrome" of H. Selye (1936. Nature (London), 138: 32). The marked MI response in petioles is concluded to be an early indication of phytorelevant O3 + SO2 pollution. Keywords: air pollution, carbohydrates, myo-inositol, pigments, Populus nigra L., senescence, stress.

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