Faculty Opinions recommendation of Factors associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality among Hispanic patients living on the USA-Mexico border.

COVID-19 has ravaged the medical, social, and financial landscape across the world, and the USA–Mexico border is no exception. Although some risk factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality have already been identified in various ethnic cohorts, there remains a paucity of data among Hispanics, particularly those living on borders. Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in Hispanic and black populations have been reported. We sought to identify the clinical presentation, treatment, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of 82 Hispanic patients in a county hospital and describe the factors associated with rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (48.8%) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (39%), both found to be associated with hospitalization and mortality, while only DM was associated with increased rate of ICU admission. Multivariable analysis showed that individuals with fever, low oxygen saturation (SpO2), nasal congestion, shortness of breath, and DM had an increased risk of hospitalization. Individuals with fever, decreased levels of SpO2, and advanced age were found to be associated with an increased risk of death. The most common cause of death was respiratory failure (28.9%), followed by shock (17.8%) and acute kidney injury (15.6%). Our findings are critical to developing strategies and identifying at-risk individuals in a Hispanic population living on borders. Research aiming to identify key evidence‐based prognostic factors in our patient population will help inform our healthcare providers so that best interventions can be implemented to improve the outcomes of patients with COVID-19.

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Factors Associated With Poor Child Motor Vehicle Restraint on the USA–Mexico Border

Journal of Trauma Nursing ◽

10.1097/jtn.0000000000000347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

Alexander Schrodt ◽

Tam Huynh ◽

Tamara N. Fitzgerald

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Poor Child ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Usa ◽

Mexico Border

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A systematic review of potential habitat suitability for the jaguar Panthera onca in central Arizona and New Mexico, USA

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605320000459 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Eric W. Sanderson ◽

Kim Fisher ◽

Rob Peters ◽

Jon P. Beckmann ◽

Bryan Bird ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

New Mexico ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Potential Habitat ◽

The Status ◽

The Usa ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Conservation Plan

Abstract In April 2019, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) released its recovery plan for the jaguar Panthera onca after several decades of discussion, litigation and controversy about the status of the species in the USA. The USFWS estimated that potential habitat, south of the Interstate-10 highway in Arizona and New Mexico, had a carrying capacity of c. six jaguars, and so focused its recovery programme on areas south of the USA–Mexico border. Here we present a systematic review of the modelling and assessment efforts over the last 25 years, with a focus on areas north of Interstate-10 in Arizona and New Mexico, outside the recovery unit considered by the USFWS. Despite differences in data inputs, methods, and analytical extent, the nine previous studies found support for potential suitable jaguar habitat in the central mountain ranges of Arizona and New Mexico. Applying slightly modified versions of the USFWS model and recalculating an Arizona-focused model over both states provided additional confirmation. Extending the area of consideration also substantially raised the carrying capacity of habitats in Arizona and New Mexico, from six to 90 or 151 adult jaguars, using the modified USFWS models. This review demonstrates the crucial ways in which choosing the extent of analysis influences the conclusions of a conservation plan. More importantly, it opens a new opportunity for jaguar conservation in North America that could help address threats from habitat losses, climate change and border infrastructure.

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Structural vulnerability: migration and health in social context

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. e005109

Author(s):

Lauren Carruth ◽

Carlos Martinez ◽

Lahra Smith ◽

Katharine Donato ◽

Carlos Piñones-Rivera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Care ◽

Professional Associations ◽

Humanitarian Assistance ◽

Structural Vulnerability ◽

Global Migration ◽

Humanitarian Interventions ◽

Care Models ◽

The Usa ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Training And Support

Based on the authors’ work in Latin America and Africa, this article describes and applies the concept ‘structural vulnerability’ to the challenges of clinical care and healthcare advocacy for migrants. This concept helps consider how specific social, economic and political hierarchies and policies produce and pattern poor health in two case studies: one at the USA–Mexico border and another in Djibouti. Migrants’ and providers’ various entanglements within inequitable and sometimes violent global migration systems can produce shared structural vulnerabilities that then differentially affect health and other outcomes. In response, we argue providers require specialised training and support; professional associations, healthcare institutions, universities and humanitarian organisations should work to end the criminalisation of medical and humanitarian assistance to migrants; migrants should help lead efforts to reform medical and humanitarian interventions; and alternative care models in Global South to address the structural vulnerabilities inherent to migration and asylum should be supported.

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Analyses of clinical outcomes after severe pelvic fractures: an international study

Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open ◽

10.1136/tsaco-2018-000238 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e000238 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyoungwon Jung ◽

Shokei Matsumoto ◽

Alan Smith ◽

Kyungjin Hwang ◽

John Cook-Jong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

South Korea ◽

Trauma Center ◽

Data Bank ◽

Pelvic Fractures ◽

Older Age ◽

Inhospital Mortality ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Usa

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare treatment outcomes between patients with severe pelvic fractures treated at a representative trauma center that was established in Korea since 2015 and matched cases treated in the USA.MethodsTwo cohorts were selected from a single institution trauma database in South Korea (Ajou Trauma Data Bank (ATDB)) and the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) in the USA. Adult blunt trauma patients with a pelvic Abbreviated Injury Scale >3 were included. Patients were matched based on covariates that affect mortality rate using a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) approach. We compared differences in outcomes between the two groups, performed survival analysis for the cohort after PSM and identified factors associated with mortality. Lastly, we analyzed factors related to outcomes in the ATDB dataset comparing a period prior to the implementation of the trauma center according to US standards, an interim period and a postimplementation period.ResultsAfter PSM, a total of 320 patients (160 in each cohort) were identified for comparison. Inhospital mortality was significantly higher in the ATDB cohort using χ2 test, but it was not statistically significant when using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis. Moreover, the mortality rate was similar comparing the NTDB cohort to ATDB data reflecting the post-trauma center establishment period. Older age, lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission were factors associated with mortality.DiscussionMortality rate after severe pelvic fractures was significantly associated with older age, lower SBP and GCS scores at admission. Efforts to establish a trauma center in South Korea led to improvement in outcomes, which are comparable to those in US centers.Level of evidenceLevel IV.

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A longitudinal analysis of sociodemographic and health correlates of sexual health among HIV-infected men in the USA

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh08070 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 285 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

William L. Jeffries ◽

Barbara A. Zsembik ◽

Chuck W. Peek ◽

Constance R. Uphold

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Sexual Health ◽

Sexual Activity ◽

Erectile Function ◽

Temporal Changes ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Sex Drive ◽

The Usa ◽

Over Time

Background: Sexual health among HIV-infected men primarily has been examined in cross-sectional designs. Few have used longitudinal data to measure sexual health change or factors associated with change. Moreover, studies of HIV-infected men disproportionately focus on sexual risk behaviours. The present paper examines temporal changes in sexual health based on measures of sexual activity, erectile function, sex drive, and sex life satisfaction. Methods: Data from a prospective cohort study of HIV-infected men (n = 197) in the USA were used. Sexual health measures were based on self-reported sexual activity, erectile function, sex drive, and sex life satisfaction at 12- and 24-month follow-ups. Transition matrices described 1-year sexual health changes. Logistic regression models determined sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with change. Results: Men reported considerable change in sexual health during the year-long observation interval. Among men who experienced change, younger age, cohabitation, and higher CD4 counts were associated with greater sexual activity over time. Men with more depression symptoms had lower erectile function over time, and higher education and higher income were protective against temporal declines in sex drive and satisfaction. Less disease comorbidity was associated with 1-year improvements in sex life satisfaction. Conclusions: Some men in our sample experienced sexual health change, but stability was common for most. Temporal changes in sexual health varied according to age, cohabitation, education, income, and physical and mental health covariates. The present paper highlights the benefits of longitudinal investigations and multidimensional definitions of sexual health.

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0836 BORN IN THE USA OR BORN IN MEXICO? IMPLICATIONS FOR SLEEP DURATION, SLEEP QUALITY, SLEEP DISORDERS SYMPTOMS AT THE US-MEXICO BORDER

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.835 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. A309-A310

Author(s):

A Okuagu ◽

K Granados ◽

P Alfonso-Miller ◽

O Buxton ◽

S Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

The Us ◽

Quality Sleep ◽

The Usa ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Us Mexico Border

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Dark Triad personality traits vary across countries and predict antisocial behavior

10.31234/osf.io/8t6k5 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nichola Raihani ◽

Paul Deutchman

Keyword(s):

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Antisocial Behavior ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Usa ◽

Group Members ◽

Proximate Explanation

Humans commonly punish exploitative group members but punishment is also frequently targeted at cooperative individuals. The proclivity for ‘antisocial punishment’ varies widely across societies, although the reasons for this variation remain unclear. Here, we identify personality factors associated with antisocial punishment, using a joy-of-destruction game with participants from India and the USA. This game allows players to harm one another, by destroying the partner’s earnings, without any strategic incentive for doing so. High Dark Triad scores, implying the presence of personality traits underlying selfish and aggressive behavior, predicted destruction in this game. Participants from India scored higher on the Dark Triad scale than players from the USA, and were more likely than US-based participants to destroy the partner’s endowment. These data suggest that Dark Triad personality traits could be a proximate explanation for antisocial behavior.

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Waterpipe tobacco package warning exposure’s impact on risk perceptions and use among young adults in the USA: a longitudinal analysis of the population assessment of tobacco and health study

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054562 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (e1) ◽

pp. e16-e23 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jessica L King ◽

Beth A Reboussin ◽

Jennifer Cornacchione Ross ◽

Erin L Sutfin

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Health Study ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Population Assessment ◽

High Exposure ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Usa ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Waterpipe Use

BackgroundAlthough Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-mandated waterpipe tobacco warnings were not required until August 2018, some waterpipe tobacco packaging (WTP) sold in the USA, contained warnings prior to this date. We examined the prevalence of WTP warning exposure and whether exposure influenced risk perceptions or use among young adult (aged 18–24 years) current waterpipe users.MethodsWe used data from waves 1 (2013–2014) and 2 (2014–2015) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of US adults and youth. We conducted logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with wave 1 warning exposure, and whether wave 1 WTP warning exposure predicted wave 2 relative risk perceptions and waterpipe use.ResultsMore than one-third of our sample (35.9%, 95% CI 33.5 to 38.4) reported past-month WTP warning exposure. Exposure was higher among males (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.34, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.72), those who usually do not share the waterpipe (AOR=3.10, 95% CI 1.45 to 6.60), those who purchased waterpipe tobacco (AOR=1.73, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.34), and those with a regular brand (AOR=1.84, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.68). Those exposed to WTP warnings at wave 1 were more likely than those not exposed to perceive waterpipe tobacco to be as or more harmful than cigarettes at wave 2 (AOR=1.35, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.78). There was no association between wave 1 WTP exposure and wave 2 waterpipe use.ConclusionsMore than one-third of US young adult current waterpipe users reported WTP warning exposure prior to FDA-mandated warning implementation. Findings suggest the mandated warning may result in high exposure among users; it will be critical to assess exposure’s impact on risk perceptions and behaviour after FDA-mandated warnings are implemented.

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