Faculty Opinions recommendation of Poaceae-specific cell wall-derived oligosaccharides activate plant immunity via OsCERK1 during Magnaporthe oryzae infection in rice.

AbstractMany phytopathogens secrete cell wall degradation enzymes (CWDEs) to damage host cells and facilitate colonization. As the major components of the plant cell wall, cellulose and hemicellulose are the targets of CWDEs. Damaged plant cells often release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to trigger plant immune responses. Here, we establish that the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae secretes the endoglucanases MoCel12A and MoCel12B during infection of rice (Oryza sativa). These endoglucanases target hemicellulose of the rice cell wall and release two specific oligosaccharides, namely the trisaccharide 31-β-D-Cellobiosyl-glucose and the tetrasaccharide 31-β-D-Cellotriosyl-glucose. 31-β-D-Cellobiosyl-glucose and 31-β-D-Cellotriosyl-glucose bind the immune receptor OsCERK1 but not the chitin binding protein OsCEBiP. However, they induce the dimerization of OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP. In addition, these Poaceae cell wall-specific oligosaccharides trigger a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is largely compromised in oscerk1 and oscebip mutants. We conclude that 31-β-D-Cellobiosyl-glucose and 31-β-D-Cellotriosyl-glucose are specific DAMPs released from the hemicellulose of rice cell wall, which are perceived by an OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP immune complex during M. oryzae infection in rice.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of MoSec61β, the beta subunit of Sec61, is involved in fungal development and pathogenicity, plant immunity, and ER-phagy in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.739100266.793580524 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karin Romisch

Keyword(s):

Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Beta Subunit ◽

Fungal Development

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Understanding Rice-Magnaporthe Oryzae Interaction in Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Rice under Panicle Blast Infection Using a Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12020301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 301

Author(s):

Vishesh Kumar ◽

Priyanka Jain ◽

Sureshkumar Venkadesan ◽

Suhas Gorakh Karkute ◽

Jyotika Bhati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Hormonal Regulation ◽

Rice Blast ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Specific Response ◽

Panicle Blast

Rice blast is a global threat to food security with up to 50% yield losses. Panicle blast is a more severe form of rice blast and the response of rice plant to leaf and panicle blast is distinct in different genotypes. To understand the specific response of rice in panicle blast, transcriptome analysis of blast resistant cultivar Tetep, and susceptible cultivar HP2216 was carried out using RNA-Seq approach after 48, 72 and 96 h of infection with Magnaporthe oryzae along with mock inoculation. Transcriptome data analysis of infected panicle tissues revealed that 3553 genes differentially expressed in HP2216 and 2491 genes in Tetep, which must be the responsible factor behind the differential disease response. The defense responsive genes are involved mainly in defense pathways namely, hormonal regulation, synthesis of reactive oxygen species, secondary metabolites and cell wall modification. The common differentially expressed genes in both the cultivars were defense responsive transcription factors, NBS-LRR genes, kinases, pathogenesis related genes and peroxidases. In Tetep, cell wall strengthening pathway represented by PMR5, dirigent, tubulin, cell wall proteins, chitinases, and proteases was found to be specifically enriched. Additionally, many novel genes having DOMON, VWF, and PCaP1 domains which are specific to cell membrane were highly expressed only in Tetep post infection, suggesting their role in panicle blast resistance. Thus, our study shows that panicle blast resistance is a complex phenomenon contributed by early defense response through ROS production and detoxification, MAPK and LRR signaling, accumulation of antimicrobial compounds and secondary metabolites, and cell wall strengthening to prevent the entry and spread of the fungi. The present investigation provided valuable candidate genes that can unravel the mechanisms of panicle blast resistance and help in the rice blast breeding program.

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Pre-Harvest Treatment of Chitosan Oligosaccharides Improved Strawberry Fruit Quality

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19082194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 2194 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yanqiu He ◽

Santosh Bose ◽

Wenxia Wang ◽

Xiaochen Jia ◽

Hang Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Regulated Gene Expression

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), derived through hydrolysis of chitosan, has been proved to be an effective plant immunity elicitor, eco-friendly, and easily soluble in water, and influenced several secondary metabolites content to improve fruit qualities. COS are widely used in agriculture to improve the defense response in plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pre-harvest treatment effect of COS on the quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv.qingxiang). COS was dissolved in distilled water at a concentration of 50 mg·L−1 and sprayed at four different growth stages of strawberry plants, namely seedling stage, before flowering, fruit coloring (the stage of fruit from white to red) and full bloom. Uniform size, shape, color, without any visible damage, and disease-free fruits were harvested for determining the quality. The results showed that the fruit firmness, viscosity, lignin, sugars, protein, total soluble solid, and titratable acidity content increased in COS-treated fruits compared to control. In addition, COS pre-harvest treatment had a positive effect on anthocyanin, total phenol, flavonoid, vitamin C content and DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity of strawberry. Moreover, COS also increased the cell wall composition and regulated gene expression of some important enzymes involved in ethylene compound biosynthesis and cell wall degradation. The finding of this study suggests that pre-harvest application of COS is very useful for improving quality and antioxidant capacity of strawberry.

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Tobacco mosaic virus: a pioneer to cell–to–cell movement

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1999.0415 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 354 (1383) ◽

pp. 637-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Vitaly Citovsky

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Movement Protein ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Host Cells ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Viral Movement Protein ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Rna Complexes

Cell–to–cell movement of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is used to illustrate macromolecular traffic through plant intercellular connections, the plasmodesmata. This transport process is mediated by a specialized viral movement protein, P30. In the initially infected cell, P30 is produced by transcription of a subgenomic RNA derived from the invading virus. Presumably, P30 then associates with a certain proportion of the viral RNA molecules, sequestering them from replication and mediating their transport into neighbouring uninfected host cells. This nucleoprotein complex is targeted to plasmodesmata, possibly via interaction with the host cell cytoskeleton. Prior to passage through a plasmodesma, the plasmodesmal channel is dilated by the movement protein. It is proposed that targeting of P30–TMV RNA complexes to plasmodesmata involves binding to a specific cell wall–associated receptor molecule. In addition, a cell wall–associated protein kinase, phosphorylates P30 at its carboxy–terminus and minimizes P30–induced interference with plasmodesmatal permeability during viral infection.

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Convergent synthesis of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of theO-specific polysaccharide from the cell wall lipopolysaccharide ofAzospirillum brasilensestrain Sp7

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry ◽

10.3762/bjoc.10.26 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 293-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pintu Kumar Mandal ◽

Debashis Dhara ◽

Anup Kumar Misra

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Convergent Synthesis ◽

Specific Polysaccharide

A straightforward convergent synthesis has been carried out for the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of theO-specific cell wall lipopolysaccharide of the strain Sp7 ofAzospirillum brasilense. The target tetrasaccharide has been synthesized from suitably protected monosaccharide intermediates in 42% overall yield in seven steps by using a [2 + 2] block glycosylation approach.

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The Cell Wall-Derived Xyloglucan Is a New DAMP Triggering Plant Immunity in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis thaliana

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2018.01725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Justine Claverie ◽

Suzanne Balacey ◽

Christelle Lemaître-Guillier ◽

Daphnée Brulé ◽

Annick Chiltz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Plant Immunity

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Conserved Processes and Lineage-Specific Proteins in Fungal Cell Wall Evolution

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

10.1128/ec.00044-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 2269-2277 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Juan E. Coronado ◽

Saad Mneimneh ◽

Susan L. Epstein ◽

Wei-Gang Qiu ◽

Peter N. Lipke

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Protein Function ◽

Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽

Low Complexity ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽

Fungal Cell ◽

Structural Wall ◽

Lineage Specificity

ABSTRACT The cell wall is a defining organelle that differentiates fungi from its sister clades in the opisthokont superkingdom. With a sensitive technique to align low-complexity protein sequences, we have identified 187 cell wall-related proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and determined the presence or absence of homologs in 17 other fungal genomes. There were both conserved and lineage-specific cell wall proteins, and the degree of conservation was strongly correlated with protein function. Some functional classes were poorly conserved and lineage specific: adhesins, structural wall glycoprotein components, and unannotated open reading frames. These proteins are primarily those that are constituents of the walls themselves. On the other hand, glycosyl hydrolases and transferases, proteases, lipases, proteins in the glycosyl phosphatidyl-inositol-protein synthesis pathway, and chaperones were strongly conserved. Many of these proteins are also conserved in other eukaryotes and are associated with wall synthesis in plants. This gene conservation, along with known similarities in wall architecture, implies that the basic architecture of fungal walls is ancestral to the divergence of the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. The contrasting lineage specificity of wall resident proteins implies diversification. Therefore, fungal cell walls consist of rapidly diversifying proteins that are assembled by the products of an ancestral and conserved set of genes.

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