scholarly journals Wine adulteration and its detection based on the rate and the concentration of free amino acids

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
János Csapó ◽  
Csilla Albert
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Definition Of

Following the definition of wine adulteration, the authors briefly review its history from ancient times to present day and describe the methods that are applied for adulteration of wine from the historical point of view. More space is devoted to the Hungarian wine adulteration and to the detailed reports of the early methods, which attempted to discover fake wine. It describes in detail the current situation of wine adulteration and the fight against counterfeiting. The second half of the review article presents some examples of the analytical chemistry techniques with which fake wines can be detected. In doing so, priority is given to the discussion of high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography applications. The end of this paper describes the free amino acid content of wines, and the possibilities of using the results for detection of wine adulteration.

scholarly journals Free amino acids as phagostimulants in cricket nuptial gifts: support for the ‘Candymaker’ hypothesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Warwick ◽  
Karim Vahed ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
Stephen J Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content ◽  
Nuptial Gifts

Nuptial gifts that are manufactured by the male are found in numerous insect species and some spiders, but there have been very few studies of the composition of such gifts. If, as has been proposed recently, nuptial gifts represent sensory traps, males will be selected to produce gifts that are attractive to females but such gifts will not necessarily provide the female with nutritional benefits (the ‘Candymaker’ hypothesis). We examined the free amino acid content of the spermatophylax of the cricket Gryllodes sigillatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The spermatophylax (dry weight) consisted of approximately 7 per cent free amino acids. The free amino acid composition was highly imbalanced, with a low proportion of essential amino acids (18.7%) and a high proportion of proline and glycine. The main free amino acids found in the spermatophylax appeared to act as phagostimulants: the duration of feeding on artificial gels by females was positively related to the free amino acid content of the gels. The results therefore suggest that males use free amino acids to ‘sweeten’ a relatively low-value food item. A possible function of glycine in inhibiting female movement is also proposed.

Evaluation of seed amino acid content and its correlation network analysis in wild soybean (Glycine soja) germplasm in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Awatsaya Chotekajorn ◽  
Takuyu Hashiguchi ◽  
Masatsugu Hashiguchi ◽  
Hidenori Tanaka ◽  
Ryo Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content

AbstractWild soybean (Glycine soja) is a valuable genetic resource for soybean improvement. Seed composition profiles provide beneficial information for the effective conservation and utilization of wild soybeans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variation in free amino acid abundance in the seeds of wild soybean germplasm collected in Japan. The free amino acid content in the seeds from 316 accessions of wild soybean ranged from 0.965 to 5.987 mg/g seed dry weight (DW), representing a 6.2-fold difference. Three amino acids had the highest coefficient of variation (CV): asparagine (1.15), histidine (0.95) and glutamine (0.94). Arginine (0.775 mg/g DW) was the predominant amino acid in wild soybean seeds, whereas the least abundant seed amino acid was glutamine (0.008 mg/g DW). A correlation network revealed significant positive relationships among most amino acids. Wild soybean seeds from different regions of origin had significantly different levels of several amino acids. In addition, a significant correlation between latitude and longitude of the collection sites and the total free amino acid content of seeds was observed. Our study reports diverse phenotypic data on the free amino acid content in seeds of wild soybean resources collected from throughout Japan. This information will be useful in conservation programmes for Japanese wild soybean and for the selection of accessions with favourable characteristics in future legume crop improvement efforts.

THE VENOM OF THE MUD-DAUBER WASPS: I. SCELIPHRON CAEMENTARIUM: PRELIMINARY SEPARATIONS AND FREE AMINO ACID CONTENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1943-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod O'Connor ◽  
Wm. Rosenbrook Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Electrical Excitation ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Quantitative investigation of Sceliphron caementarium venom, obtained by electrical excitation of the wasp, has shown an unexpectedly small protein fraction of the dried venom. A few percent of the venom consists of the free amino acids histidine, methionine, and pipecolic acid. Three other components have been isolated by paper and thin-layer chromatography and are found to give weak ninhydrin reactions, in addition to certain color tests characteristic of alkaloids.

INFLUENCE DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTEE, PHOSPHATEE ET POTASSIQUE SUR L’INCORPORATION DES ACIDES AMINES AUX PROTEINES ET LES RENDEMENTS DE LA LUZERNE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. NGUYEN ◽  
L. J. O’GRADY ◽  
G. J. OUELLETTE ◽  
R. PAQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content ◽  
Acides Aminés ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

A well-balanced fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium decreases the free amino acid content of alfalfa, increases the incorporation of these amino acids into proteins, and betters the yield of that legume. Potassium appears to be required for the incorporation of amino acids into proteins, and potassium interaction with phosphorus should be taken into consideration to obtain maximum incorporation and yield. The influence of fertilizers on some of the most important amino acids in alfalfa is discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in the Pree Amino Acids of the Blood of Blowfly Larvae At Metamorphosis

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Hackman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content ◽  
Metabolic Significance

Blood from the larval, prepupal, and early pupal stages of Calliphora augttr' (F.) contains the same 18 free amino acids. In addition, hydroxyproline is present in larval and prepupal blood. The quantitative differenccs in the concent,ratiolls of these amino acids arc reported. Larval blood has the highest free amino acid content (6'6 mgjml) followcd by early pupal blood (4'6 mgjml) and prepnpal blood (3'3 mgjml). As the larva matures to the prepupa, the greatest decreases occm in the concentrations in the blood of alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, and tyrosine. The metabolic significance of these changes are discussed.

The Influence of Sex and Size on the Osmotic Pressure, the Chloride and the Free Amino Acids of the Blood of the Freshwater Field Crab, Paratelphusa Sp. and the Freshwater Mussel, Lamellidens Marginalis

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
B. PADMANABHANAIDU ◽  
R. RAMAMURTHY
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content

1. The influence of sex and body size on the osmotic pressure, chloride and free amino acids in the blood of the freshwater field crab, Paratelphusa sp., and the freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis, were investigated. 2. In the crab the osmotic pressure increased in both the sexes to a maximum at about 40 g. in males and at 35 g. in females and then fell with further increase in weight. Throughout the whole size range the males tended to have a higher osmotic pressure. 3. Blood chloride in the crab also increased with weight in both the sexes to a maximum at about 40 g. in males and 35 g. in females and then steadily decreased as the weight increased. In the positive slope of the regression line the females have a higher blood chloride, but in the negative slope of the curve the males have higher blood chloride. 4. The free amino acid content of the blood reached a maximum at about 32 g. in males and 35 g. in females and then gradually decreased as the weight increased. Over the whole size range the males tended to have higher free amino acid content than the females. 5. In the freshwater mussel both chloride and free amino acid content of the blood showed a small but steady increase with increasing weight. This is also reflected in a significant increase in the blood osmotic pressure with increase in body weight.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID PROFILING IN EDIBLE SHOOTS OF SOME BAMBOO SPECIES BY USING RP-UHPLC AND THEIR THERAPEUTICAL ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
KANCHAN RAWAT RANA ◽  
NIRMALA CHONGTHAM ◽  
MADHO SINGH BISHT ◽  
AJAY PATIAL ◽  
SAVITA VERMA ATTRI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Bamboo Shoots ◽  
Geographical Regions

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the amino acid profiles of edible shoots of five species of bamboos growing in various geographical regions of India. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative estimation of free amino acids was done by Reverse Phase-Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UHPLC). Separation of amino acids was carried out using Zorbax eclipse plus C18 Reverse Phase (1.8 μm), 50 mm × 2.1 mm column on quaternary UHPLC system using modified gradient elution. Derivatization was done by using auto-sampler Agilent’s 1290 infinity. Data assortment and processing were accomplished by using Open Lab Chromatography Data System EZchrome edition, version A.04.06 (Agilent technologies, USA). Results: In the study, 19 free amino acids were identified, eight essential, five conditionally essential, and six non-essential amino acids (EAA). The principal amino acids were tyrosine (29.41–74.64 μg/mg d.w.) and asparagine (12.81–111.04 μg/mg d.w.). The amount of EAAs ranged from 0.46 to 21.11 μg/mg d.w. For the 1st time, taurine and ornithine are reported in bamboo shoots. The analysis exhibited significant variation (p<0.05) in free amino acids content among the five studied species. Of the five species, Phyllostachys mannii was best compared to the other species in amino acid content. Conclusion: Results showed superior amino acid composition of bamboo shoots that can be utilized to improve nutritional value of functional foods. Amino acids have various health and therapeutic properties can contribute to the basis for further expansion of these bamboos and imminent potential in applications of food and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Changes in Free Amino Acid Content in ‘Jonagold’ Apple Fruit as Related to Branched-chain Ester Production, Ripening, and Senescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Sugimoto ◽  
A. Daniel Jones ◽  
Randolph Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content ◽  
Threonine Deaminase ◽  
Branched Chain

The relationship among the free amino acid content, the expression of genes related to branched-chain amino acid metabolism {branched-chain aminotransferase [BCAT], α-keto acid decarboxylase [pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC)], and threonine deaminase [TD]}, and the production of branched-chain (BC) esters during ripening and senescence in ‘Jonagold’ apple fruit (Malus ×domestica) was studied. Eighteen amino acids were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The content for all amino acids changed with developmental stage and some shared similar patterns of accumulation/diminution. The pattern for isoleucine differed from all other amino acids, increasing more than 20-fold during the ripening process. The onset of the increase was concomitant with the onset of increasing ethylene and BC ester production and the content remained elevated even during senescence. The elevated isoleucine levels are consistent with an increase in the flux through the pathway leading to the formation and degradation of the isoleucine precursor α-keto-β-methylvalerate, which is used for production of BC esters containing 2-methylbutanol and 2-methylbutanoate moieties. Unexpectedly, the content of threonine, the amino acid from which isoleucine is thought to be derived in plants, did not change in concert with isoleucine, but rather declined somewhat after ripening was well underway. Patterns in the expression of some, but not all, of the putative BCAT and PDC genes appeared to reflect the rise and fall in ester formation; however, the expression of putative TD genes did not change during ripening. The patterns in gene expression and amino acid content are interpreted to suggest that the synthesis of α-keto-β-methylvalerate and isoleucine during apple ripening may depend on an as yet uncharacterized pathway that bypasses threonine, similar to the citramalate pathway found in some bacteria.

scholarly journals The Free-Amino-Acid Content in Six Potatoes Cultivars through Storage

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Anna Pęksa ◽  
Joanna Miedzianka ◽  
Agnieszka Nemś ◽  
Elżbieta Rytel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content

Potatoes of six cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) with red, purple, and yellow flesh were stored at 2 and 5 °C for 3 and 6 months, and the influence of these factors on the content of free amino acids was determined. The potato cultivar and storage time had the greatest impact on the free amino acid content. The tubers of red-fleshed (Rote Emma) and purple-fleshed (Blue Congo) potatoes contained over 28 mg/g DM of free amino acids, and the Blaue Annelise cultivar with purple flesh had over 18 mg/g DM. After 6 months, the highest increase in their content (by 36%) was recorded in tubers of the Fresco cultivar (yellow-fleshed). In the analysed potatoes, the content of alanine, proline, serine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and α-aminoadipic acid increased, while that of asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamine decreased. Asparagine decreased to the greatest extent in “Blaue Annelise” potatoes (by 24%) and that of glutamine in tubers of Rote Emma and Vineta by 18%.

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