scholarly journals Effect of PRPSOL soil conditioner on the physical status of the soil in conventional and reduced tillage systems

2014 ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Lilla Szűcs ◽  
Géza Tuba ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Positive Effect

The effect of PRP-SOL soil conditional on soil compaction, moisture content and bulk density is studied in a long-term soil cultivation experiment from 1997 on a heavy textured meadow chernozem soil, in reduced and conventional tillage at Karcag Research Institute. Our investigations were made in the vegetation period of corn, in June and after harvesting, on stubble. Soil compaction was measured with a penetrometer, the actual moisture content was determined by gravimetric method. The bulk density values of the regularly cultivated soil layer of 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths were defined from undisturbed soil samples. We established that after 3 years the application of the soil conditioner has positive effect on soil compaction and moisture status of the top layer in the reduced tillage system. We could not figure out this positive effect in the case of conventional tillage.

scholarly journals Examination of the physical state of the soil under conventional and reduced tillage systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Géza Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems

he effect of reduced and conventional tillage systems on soil compaction and moisture content in two years with extreme weather conditions is introduced in this paper. The investigations were carried out in a long-term soil cultivation experiment set on a heavy textured meadow chernozem soil at the Karcag Research Institute. In 2010 the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat was 623.3 mm, 2.2 times higher than the 50-year average, while in 2011 this value was 188.7 mm giving only 65% of the average. The examinations were made after harvest on stubbles on 4 test plots in 5 replications in the case of each tillage system. Soil compaction was characterised by penetration resistance values, while the actual soil moisture contents were determined by gravimetry. The values of penetration resistance and soil moisture content of the cultivated soil layer were better in the case of reduced tillage under extreme precipitation conditions. It could be established that regular application of deep soil loosening is essential due to the formation of the unfavourable compact soil layer under 30 cm. Conventional tillage resulted in enhanced compaction under the depth of ploughing, the penetration resistance can reach the value of 4 MPa under wet, while even 8 MPa under dry soil status.

scholarly journals The Effects of Soil Compaction and Different Tillage Systems on the Bulk Density and Moisture Content of Soil and the Yields of Winter Oilseed Rape and Cereals

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Orzech ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Dariusz Załuski
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Rotation System

Progressive soil compaction is a disadvantage of intensive tillage. Compaction exerts a negative impact on the physical properties of soil and decreases crop performance. The adverse effects of soil compaction can be mitigated by replacing conventional tillage with simplified tillage techniques. Simplified tillage exerts a protective effect on soil, reduces production costs and preserves agricultural ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of compaction and different tillage methods on the bulk density and moisture content of soil. The experimental factors were as follows: Soil compaction before sowing (non-compacted control treatment and experimental treatments where soil was compacted after the harvest of the preceding crop) and four different methods of seedbed preparation in a three-field rotation system (winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, spring barley). The influence of compaction on the bulk density and moisture content of soil varied across the rotated crops and their developmental stages. Soil compaction had no significant effect on the analyzed parameters in the cultivation of winter oilseed rape. In treatments sown with winter wheat, soil compaction resulted in significantly lower soil density and significantly higher soil moisture content. In plots sown with spring barley, soil compaction led to a significant increase in the values of both parameters. The average bulk density of soil after various tillage operations in the examined crop rotation system ranged from 1.49–1.69 g·m−3 (winter oilseed rape), 1.47–1.59 g·m−3 (winter wheat), 1.47–1.61 g·m−3 (spring barley). The bulk density and moisture content of soil were lowest after conventional tillage (control treatment) and higher after simplified tillage. Regardless of soil compaction, the greatest reduction in winter oilseed rape yields was noted in response to skimming, harrowing and the absence of pre-sowing plowing. Spring barley yields were higher in non-compacted treatments, whereas the reverse was observed in winter wheat. Chisel plowing and single plowing induced the greatest decrease in wheat yields relative to conventional tillage. Single plowing significantly decreased the grain yield of spring barley relative to the tillage system that involved skimming and fall plowing to a depth of 25.

Impacts of grazing systems on soil compaction and pasture production in Alberta

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Donkor ◽  
J. V. Gedir ◽  
R. J. Hudson ◽  
E. W. Bork ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Moist Condition ◽  
Grazing Systems

Livestock trampling impacts have been assessed in many Alberta grassland ecosystems, but the impacts of animal trampling on Aspen Boreal ecosystems have not been documented. This study compared the effects of high intensity [4.16 animal unit month per ha (AUM) ha-1] short-duration grazing (SDG) versus moderate intensity (2.08 AUM ha-1) continuous grazing (CG) by wapiti (Cervus elaphus canadensis) on soil compaction as measured by bulk density at field moist condition (Dbf) and penetration resistance (PR). Herbage phytomass was also measured on grazed pastures and compared to an ungrazed control (UNG). The study was conducted at Edmonton, Alberta, on a Dark Gray Luvisolic soil of loam texture. Sampling was conducted in the spring and fall of 1997 and 1998. Soil cores were collected at 2.5-cm intervals to a depth of 15-cm for measurement of bulk density (Dbf) and moisture content. Penetration resistance to 15 cm at 2.5-cm intervals was measured with a hand-pushed cone penetrometer. The Dbf and PR of the top 10-cm of soil were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater by 15 and 17% under SDG than CG, respectively, by wapiti. Generally, Dbf in both grazing treatments decreased over winter at the 0-7.5 cm and 12.5-15 cm depths, suggesting that freeze-thaw cycles over the winter alleviated compaction. Soil water content under SDG was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than CG. Total standing crop and fallen litter were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in CG treatment than the SDG. The SDG treatment had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less pasture herbage than CG areas in the spring (16%) and fall (26%) of 1997, and in the spring (22%) and fall (24%) of 1998, respectively. The SDG did not show any advantage over CG in improving soil physical characteristics and herbage production. Key Words: Bulk density, Cervus elaphus, moisture content, penetration resistance, pasture production

scholarly journals Investigation of soils of stubbles of winter wheat and winter peas in conventional and reduced tillage systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Géza Tuba ◽  
Györgyi Kovács ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Positive Effects

The effect of reduced and conventional tillage on soil compaction, soil moisture status and carbon-dioxide emission of the soil was studied on a meadow chernozem soil with high clay content in the soil cultivation experiment started in 1997 at Karcag Research Institute. Our investigations were done on stubbles after the harvest of winter wheat and winter peas after the very droughty vegetation period of 2014/2015. We established that the soil in both tillage systems was dry and compacted and the CO2-emission was very low. The positive effects of reduced tillage could be figured out only in the soil layer of 40–60 cm in the given weather conditions of that period.

scholarly journals Soil compaction of various Central European forest soils caused by traffic of forestry machines with various chassis

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. e038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Allman ◽  
Martin Jankovský ◽  
Valéria Messingerová ◽  
Zuzana Allmanová ◽  
Michal Ferenčík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Moisture Content Level ◽  
European Forest

<p><em>Aim of study: </em>The primary objective of this paper was to compare the effects of different types of forestry machine chassis on the compaction of the top layers of soil and to define the soil moisture content level, at which machine traffic results in maximum compaction.</p><p><em>Area of study:</em> Measurements were conducted in eight forest stands located in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The soil types in the stands subjected to the study were luvisols, stagnosols, cambisols, and rendzinas.</p><p><em>Material and Methods:</em> The measurements were focused on tracked and wheeled (equipped with low pressure tyres) cut-to-length machines, and skidders equipped with wide and standard tyres. The bulk density of soil was determined from soil samples extracted from the ruts, the centre of the skid trail, and the undisturbed stand. To determine soil moisture content, at which the soil is the most susceptible to compaction, the Proctor standard test was employed.</p><p><em>Main results:</em> The moisture content for maximal compaction fluctuated from 12% to 34.06%. Wheeled machines compacted the soil to 1.24 – 1.36 g.cm<sup>-3</sup> (30.3 – 35.4 % compaction) in dried state. Bulk density of soil in stands where tracked machine operated was lower, ranging from 1.02 to 1.06 g.cm<sup>-3</sup> (25.3 % compaction).</p><p><em>Research highlights:</em> All wheeled machines caused the same amount of soil compaction in the ruts, despite differences in tyres, machine weight, etc. Maximum compaction caused by forestry machines occurred at minimal moisture contents, easily achievable in European climatic conditions.  </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> soil compaction; bulk density; soil moisture content limits; cut-to-length machines; skidders.</p>

scholarly journals Impact assesment of soil conditioners on a high clay content soil

2015 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Lilla Szűcs ◽  
Géza Tuba ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
First Time ◽  
Research Institute

Our measurements were done in a soil conditioner experiment started in 2014 which was set in conventional tillage system at the Karcag Research Institute where a soil conditioner was used from 2010. Effect of two different soil conditioners on compaction, moisture content of the soil and on CO2-emission was studied. Measurements were done after sowing of maize and millet, and on stubble after harvesting. It can be established that less degree of compaction was characteristic to the soil of the plots treated for several years with the soil conditioner during the vegetation period than in case of untreated plots. Higher CO2-emission values were observed on the plots treated for several years than on the control plots. This effect can’t be established in case of soil conditioners used for first time in this year.

scholarly journals Soil Penetration Resistance after One-Time Inversion Tillage: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis at the Field Scale

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Michael Kuhwald ◽  
Wolfgang B. Hamer ◽  
Joachim Brunotte ◽  
Rainer Duttmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Time Inversion ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Conservation agriculture may lead to increased penetration resistance due to soil compaction. To loosen the topsoil and lower the compaction, one-time inversion tillage (OTIT) is a measure frequently used in conservation agriculture. However, the duration of the positive effects of this measure on penetration resistance is sparsely known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the spatio-temporal behavior of penetration resistance after OTIT as an indicator for soil compaction. A field subdivided into three differently tilled plots (conventional tillage with moldboard plough to 30 cm depth (CT), reduced tillage with chisel plough to 25 cm depth (RT1) and reduced tillage with disk harrow to 10 cm depth (RT2)) served as study area. In 2014, the entire field was tilled by moldboard plough and penetration resistance was recorded in the following 5 years. The results showed that OTIT reduced the penetration resistance in both RT-plots and led to an approximation in all three plots. However, after 18 (RT2) and 30 months (RT1), the differences in penetration resistance were higher (p < 0.01) in both RT-plots compared to CT. Consequently, OTIT can effectively remove the compacted layer developed in conservation agriculture. However, the lasting effect seems to be relatively short.

scholarly journals The effect of soil conservation tillage on soil moisture dynamics under single cropping and crop rotation

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kováč ◽  
M. Macák ◽  
M. Švančárková
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Moisture Dynamics ◽  
No Till ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

During 1993&ndash;1995 the effect of conventional tillage, reduced till, mulch till and no-till technology on soil moisture dynamics has been studied in field experiment on Haplic chernozems near Pie&scaron;ťany. The tillage treatments were evaluated under a single cropping of maize and spring barley &ndash; common peas &ndash; winter wheat crop rotation. Soil samples for gravimetric determination of moisture content were collected from six layers up to 0.8 m, three times per year (April&ndash;July). The soil moisture was highly significantly influenced in order of importance by date of sampling, year, growing crops, tillage treatments, soil layer and by interactions year &times; crops, year &times; date of sampling, crops &times; date of sampling, tillage &times; date of sampling, year &times; tillage, date of sampling &times; layer and significant influences by interactions, tillage &times; crops. The soil under conventional tillage had significantly higher moisture content than tested reduced till, mulch till and no-till treatments. The significant influence of maize stand on better soil humidity condition (16.35%) in comparison to crops grown in a crop rotation (in average 14.10%) has been ascertained.

EFFECT OF SOIL COMPACTION ON THE POTENTIAL MOISTURE CONTENT OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Y.V Bekhovykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Total Water Capacity

The research goal was to study effect of soil compaction on potential moisture content. The object of study was leached chernozem of Priobskoye plateau. During the research the following tasks were solved: to study the change in total capacity in the surface layer of soil by repeated external pressure, created under different soil moisture; study the change in total capacity in the surface soil layer from the values of the external pressure created at different soil moisture; to study the dependence of the full moisture capacity of the soil to the density summation. The study revealed that the total water capacity is a function of changes in soil density and indirectly depends on the amount of external pressure, its value and soil moisture.

scholarly journals Cooperative effects of field traffic and organic matter treatments on some compaction-related soil properties

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Mujdeci ◽  
Ahmet Ali Isildar ◽  
Veli Uygur ◽  
Pelin Alaboz ◽  
Husnu Unlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Cooperative Effects ◽  
Tillage Practices

Abstract. Soil compaction is common problem of mineral soils under conventional tillage practices. Organic matter addition is an efficient way of reducing the effects of field traffic in soil compaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of number of tractor passes (1, 3 and 5) on depth dependent (0–10 and 10–20 cm) penetration resistance, bulk density and porosity of a clay textured soil (Typic Xerofluvent) under organic vegetable cultivation practiced in 2010–2013 growing seasons treated with farmyard manure (35 t FYM ha−1), green manure (GM) (common vetch, Vicia sativa L.) and conventional tillage (C). The number of tractor passes resulted in increases in bulk density and penetration resistance (C > GM > FYM) whereas the volume of total and macro pores decreased. The maximum penetration resistance (3.60 MPa) was recorded in C treatment with 5 passes in 0–10 cm depth whereas the minimum (1.64 MPa) was observed for FYM treatment with 1 pass in 10–20 cm depth. The highest bulk density was determined as 1.61 g cm−3 for C treatment with 5 passes in 10–20 cm depth, the smallest value was 1.25 g cm−3 in the FYM treatment with only 1 pass in 0–10 cm depth. The highest total and macro pores volume were determined as 0.53 and 0.16 cm3 cm−3, respectively, in 0–10 cm depth of FYM treatment with 1 pass. The volume of micro pores (0.38 cm3 cm−3) was higher in 0–10 cm depth of FYM treatment with 3 passes. It can be concluded that organic pre-composted organic amendment rather than green manure was likely to be more efficient in chasing compaction problem in soils.

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