Evaluation of sweet sorghum and sudangrass varieties by the viewpoint of bioethanol production

Bioenergy and biofuels are very important in today’s energy policy. These kinds of energy resources have several advantages against fossil fuels. Environmental protection is a cardinal point of widespreading these technologies but the economic considerations are important as well. In order to improve the rate of the renewable energy in the energy consumption, the European Union settled down a program which determines a minimum ratio of renewable energy in the energy consumption for each member country of the EU. To fulfil the requirements bioenergy and biofuels should be produced. This production procedure needs adequate stocks which are commonly agricultural products.One of the promising stocks is sorghum. This plant fits for bioethanol production due to its juice content being rich in sugar. In this study six sweet sorghum hybrids, two sudangrass hybrids and a sudangrass variety have been evaluated to determine their theorical ethanol production capacity.On the score of the results of the year 2009 it can be set that sudangrasses have a lower theorical ethanol capacity than sweet sorghums have. In the case of sweet sorghums 1860.29–2615.47 l ha-1 ethanol yields had been calculated, while the sudangrasses had only 622.96–801.03 l ha-1. After that throughout three years (2011–2013) the sweet sorghum hybrids have been evaluated in order to determine the fluctuations of the ethanol production capacity caused by the impact of the years. As a result 2425.44–4043.6 l ha-1 theorical ethanol capacities have been calculated, which means that sweet sorghums can be an adequate stock to produce bioethanol.

EU BIOFUELS POLICY—RAISING THE QUESTION OF WTO COMPATIBILITY

International and Comparative Law Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0020589311000285 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 713-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stephanie Switzer ◽

Joseph A McMahon

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Technological Development ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

The European Union ◽

Policy Goals ◽

Imported Oil ◽

Biofuels Policy ◽

Governments intervene in the energy sector using a variety of measures to pursue a range of objectives, from security of supply and energy efficiency to environmental protection. Recent concerns about the impact of fossil fuels on climate change have resulted in the increasing promotion of biofuels as an alternative to oil. While worries exist with regard to the environmental impact of biofuel production in ecologically sensitive areas, it has been argued that with an effective regulatory framework to promote sustainable production, biofuels could provide a mechanism to provide energy security in an environmentally positive way.1 The interest of the European Union (EU) in the promotion of biofuels production is a relatively recent phenomenon and it is now the world's largest producer of biodiesel and the fourth largest producer of bioethanol. At its most basic level, the promotion of biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels is part of a wider EU effort to support the use of renewable energy. The promotion of renewable energy is traceable to a number of goals, a central one of which is ensuring security of energy supply.2 Other policy goals supported by the promotion of renewable energies include reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with climate change, decreasing dependence upon imported oil, the promotion of technological development as well as regional and rural development and employment.3

Macroeconomic Determinants of Renewable Electricity Technology Adoption in Thailand

iRASD Journal of Economics ◽

10.52131/joe.2020.0202.0019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 99-111

Author(s):

Jidapa Ungwanitban ◽

Salah ud Din Taj

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Technology ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

Total Consumption ◽

Renewable Energy Technology ◽

The Government ◽

Renewable energy plays a significant role in mitigating C02 emission and boosts sustainable development. Initially, this study examines those factors which create hurdles in adopting renewable energy technology in Thailand. Later, this study examined the impact of renewable energy with other supporting variables on Thailand's total energy consumption. For this purpose, this study used 38 years of data from 1990 to 2018. Initially, the Augmented Dickey fuller test applied to verify the order of integration on indicators, and it confirms that there exists a unit order of integration. Then applied Johansen Cointegration, and it confirms that there are long-run relationships among trade openness, GDP, energy consumption (fossil fuels), financial development, and renewable energy consumption. Further applied Vector error correction model (VECM) to estimates the coefficients on indicators. Results confirm that openness to trade endorses the consumption of renewable energy in Thailand. However, the development of the economy and traditional energy resources creates hurdles to adapting renewable energy in Thailand. Renewable energy technology in Thailand did not significantly impact financial growth and development. After the research, the researcher advised the government of Thailand to adopt and implement the regulations and policies that maximize the magnitude of renewable energy and maximize the portion of renewable energy in total consumption of the overall energy consumption for the country Thailand.

Spatial Effects of Energy Consumption and Green GDP in Regional Agreements

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131810078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 10078

Author(s):

Mahnaz Kalantaripor ◽

Hamed Najafi Alamdarlo

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Regional Cooperation ◽

Spatial Effects ◽

Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽

Green Gdp ◽

Green Production ◽

Spatial Panel Data ◽

One of the main factors in environmental degradation and climate change is the consumption of fossil fuels. For this reason, cooperation between countries to overcome environmental challenges is seen more than ever. In this regard, regional economic treaties are a good platform for advancing common policies in the development of renewable energy, because this type of energy has fewer external effects on the environment. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the spatial effects of energy consumption and green production in Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states. For this purpose, the spatial panel data econometric approach has been used. Spatial effects refer to the effects of neighboring countries. According to CO2 emissions, the spatial effects of the positive or negative effects of these emissions and other determinants of neighboring countries are local. The results show that although both fossil fuels and renewable energy have a negative effect on green GDP, the impact of fossil fuels is almost four times greater. On the other hand, proximity and membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization have had a positive effect on green GDP in member countries, as countries have tried to coordinate their development policies in the field of renewable energy. Therefore, the development and strengthening of regional cooperation can play an effective role in controlling pollution caused by fossil fuel consumption and ultimately improve green production.

How does renewable energy consumption affect economic growth? Evidence from the European Union countries

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202112909005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 09005

Author(s):

Natalia Davidson ◽

Elizaveta Maksimova ◽

Oleg Mariev

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Green Energy ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Research background: Fossil fuels are used at such a high rate that they are currently being depleted. Moreover, they are associated with a greenhouse effect leading to global warming. Meanwhile, green energy is naturally replenished and fosters sustainable development (Nelson and Starcher, 2015). However, the empirical evidence of the impact of green energy on economic growth is controversial (Adewuyi and Awodumi, 2017; Chen et al., 2020; Destek and Aslan, 2017; Zafar et al., 2018). Purpose of the article: This paper analyses the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth in the European Union (EU) countries. This is important in line with the goals of EU to shift towards green energy during the coming years (Directive (EU) 2018/2001). Methods: We use data of the World Bank and Our World in Data over 1990 to 2015 for 28 EU countries. We estimate the impact of renewable energy consumption on the countries’ gross domestic product. The control variables are labor force, research and development, and foreign direct investment. We apply the pooled mean group, mean group, the dynamic fixed effect estimators (Pesaran, 1997; Pesaran et al., 1999), and generalized method of moments (Arellano & Bond, 1991). Findings & Value added: Results show that the renewable energy consumption positively affects economic growth of the EU countries. We contribute by shedding light on the possibility to develop renewable energy, while achieving economic growth. The results have important implications for economic policy.

Medium- and High-Tech Export and Renewable Energy Consumption: Non-Linear Evidence from the ASEAN Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4419

Author(s):

Cong Khai Dinh ◽

Quang Thanh Ngo ◽

Trung Thanh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Use ◽

High Tech ◽

Development Indicators ◽

Sustaining economic growth while reducing dependence on fossil fuels remains a challenge for our world to fight against climate change and therefore finding a way to promote economic growth and increase renewable energy use is needed. This paper uses a 22-year panel dataset (1994–2015) of 9 countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations provided by the World Bank World Development Indicators to examine the impact of medium- and high-tech export on renewable energy use. We employ a fixed-effects regression model with the Driscoll–Kraay nonparametric covariance matrix estimator to account for sectoral and temporal dependence. We also control for inflation, employment, population growth, and gross domestic product per capita in our estimations. Our results demonstrate a U-shaped association between medium- and high-tech export and renewable energy consumption of these economies. The results propose that enhancing medium- and high-tech export could be a feasible solution for promoting renewable energy consumption.

How economic growth in Australia reacts to CO2 emissions, fossil fuels and renewable energy consumption

International Journal of Energy Sector Management ◽

10.1108/ijesm-01-2018-0020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 696-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Patrícia H. Leal ◽

Antonio Cardoso Marques ◽

Jose Alberto Fuinhas

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Annual Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Purpose Australia is one of the ten largest emitters of greenhouse gases but stands out from the others due to its economic growth without recession for 26 consecutive years. This paper aims to focus on the energy-growth nexus and the effects of energy consumption on the environment in Australia. Design/methodology/approach This analysis is performed using annual data from 1965 to 2015 and the autoregressive distributed lag model. Findings The paper finds empirical evidence of a trade-off between economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity. The results show that increased gross domestic product (GDP) in Australia increased investment in renewable energy sources (RESs), although the renewable technology is limited and has no impact on reducing CO2 intensity in the long run. In contrast to investment in RES, fossil fuels, coal and oil, are decreased by GDP. However, oil consumption increased renewable energy consumption, and this reflects the pervading effect of the growing economy. Originality/value Overall, this paper contributes to the literature by analysing the behaviour of both energy consumption and the environment on the growing Australian economy. In addition, this paper goes further by studying the impact of economic growth on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, as well as on CO2 emissions. The study is conducted on a single country for which literature is scarce, using a recent approach and a long time period.

Evaluation of various silo sorghum hybrids from the energetic aspect

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/51/2072 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 107-111

Author(s):

János Jóvér ◽

Éva Ábrahám ◽

Lajos Blaskó

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Heating Value ◽

Production Site ◽

Sorghum Bagasse ◽

Energetic Aspect

The sweet sorghum is a perspective plant of bioenergy, which can be the foundation of Hungarian bioethanol production in the future. By the examination six sweet sorghum hybrids have been examinated by the viewpoint of sugar aggregation and bioethanol production capacity. The founda tion of the surve y was three growing se ason (201 0, 2011, 2012 ). The ex per ime nt w as on the production sites of U niversity of Debrecen CAAES RISF Karcag Research Institute. The production site of the sweet sorghum have been sampled by samples of 1 m2 by hybrids within the period of august 15 and november 15. The sugar content of the samples have been measured by refractometer which was the base in the determination of ethanol production capacity. As a continuation of the evaluation of energetic viewpoint the Higher Heating Value (HHV) have been measured from the bagasse of sweet sorghums. According to the results it can be stated that int he case of sugarcontent and the dinamics of the sugar aggregation can show several differences, while HHV of sorghum bagasse is within 16 200 and 16 900 J g-1.

Mitigating Climate Change Through Energy Efficient Practices in High Altitutes of Nepal

Linnaeus Eco-Tech ◽

10.15626/eco-tech.2010.081 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 745-755

Author(s):

Silu Bhochhibhoya ◽

Ramesh Kumar Maskey ◽

Sanjaya Nath Khanal

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Climate change is a global scale crisis with drastic effects on higher altitudes. Ice melting and its corresponding impacts on mountain ecosystems are just some of the most directly visible signals of global warming. Increased rate of energy consumption, emissions along with ever growing tourist inflow in such areas has a high impact on this phenomenon. Particulate matter, Carbon Dioxide and Methane are some of the chief emissions in such areas with negative impact on the environment. Since burning of fossil fuels is one of the main root causes of cclimate change, its risk mitigation and adaptation depends greatly on energy conservation and the use of renewable energy technologies. Well insulated energy – efficient building construction method and the increased use of renewable energy sources could be the key solution. Reduction of dung-cakes and kerosene for space heating would decrease the greenhouse gas emissions as well as black carbons and particulate matters and improves the indoor living conditions. Energy efficient technologies including the building of traditional Sherpa houses could be the best practice to reduce the impact of climate change in high altitudes. This paper is primarily concerned with testing the thermal properties of insulating tiles made of locally available materials as well as to establish a correlation between energy consumption patterns in different building types with respective CO2 emissions.Subsequently, the positive attributes of such energy conserving design in relation to climate change adaptation is ascertained.

THE IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS - THE CASE OF SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES

Revista Brasileira de Energias Renováveis ◽

10.5380/rber.v7i2.58266 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Matheus Da Costa Koengkan ◽

José Alberto Fuinhas

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

South American ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

The impact of renewable energy consumption on the carbon dioxide emissions was analyzed for a panel of ten South American countries in a period from 1980 to 2012. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Methodology was used in order to decompose the total effect of renewable energy consumption on the carbon dioxide emissions in its short- and long-run components. The results indicate that the consumption of renewable energy reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in -0.0420 % when the consumption of alternative sources increases in 1% in short-run. The empirical evidence shows that the renewable consumption plays an important role in reducing CO2 emissions and that the economic growth and energy consumption in the South American countries are still based on fossil fuels. Keywords: Environmental, Energy economics, Econometric.

Post COVID-19 Recovery and 2050 Climate Change Targets: Changing the Emphasis from Promotion of Renewables to Mandated Curtailment of Fossil Fuels in the EU Policies

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14051347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1347

Author(s):

Kyriakos Maniatis ◽

David Chiaramonti ◽

Eric van den Heuvel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Global Economy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Global Climate ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Climate Change Policy ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

The European Union

The present work considers the dramatic changes the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the global economy, with particular emphasis on energy. Focusing on the European Union, the article discusses the opportunities policy makers can implement to reduce the climate impacts and achieve the Paris Agreement 2050 targets. The analysis specifically looks at the fossil fuels industry and the future of the fossil sector post COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis first revises the fossil fuel sector, and then considers the need for a shift of the global climate change policy from promoting the deployment of renewable energy sources to curtailing the use of fossil fuels. This will be a change to the current global approach, from a relative passive one to a strategically dynamic and proactive one. Such a curtailment should be based on actual volumes of fossil fuels used and not on percentages. Finally, conclusions are preliminary applied to the European Union policies for net zero by 2050 based on a two-fold strategy: continuing and reinforcing the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive to 2035, while adopting a new directive for fixed and over time increasing curtailment of fossils as of 2025 until 2050.