scholarly journals Sorghum and millet as alternative grains in nutrition

2016 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Szintia Jevcsák ◽  
Péter Sipos

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) are the fifth and sixth most important cereal crops in the world. Gluten-free grains, therefore persons with coeliac disease could consume them also. In addition, they have a lot of positive effects due to their phenolic compounds (phenol acid, flavonoid, tannin). The total phenol content of sorghum is high, but Panicum miliaceum and Eleusine coracana have higher antioxidant activity. Fiber and mineral contents are also high, the protein contents are also higher than in standard cereals. Sorghum use is similar to corn: starch, glucose, syrup, and oil can be produced. Moreover, it can be used in preparing whole grain products, bread, pancake, dumpling, mush, cake, pasta and beer from sorghum. Broom and forage are also can be prepeared from them. Millet used such as mush, steamed food, cake, bread, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Sun ◽  
Ondrej Masek

<p>In recent years, the rapid increase of CO<sub>2</sub> emission in the atmosphere and the resulting issues such as global warming and climate change have now become significant barriers to environmental sustainability. Although fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions have decreased in some of the world's largest emitters, including 11% in the EU, 12% in the US and 1.7% in China annually, the estimated global CO<sub>2</sub> emission amount still reached 40 G tonnes in 2020. The purpose of studying biochar produced by pyrolysis is essential to develop the knowledge of carbon cycles and nutrient components in soil. Among all types of feedstocks, algae grow incredibly rapidly compared to other biological materials, about 500-1500 times higher, which will boot the carbon sequestration rate. Therefore, the study of algal biochar production through pyrolysis has great significance for migrating climate change and developing carbon capture and storage.</p><p>This study focuses on a comprehensive review of previous literature on conventional and advanced macroalgae and microalgae pyrolysis for producing biochar and related valuable by-products like bio-oil and bio-syngas, aiming to establish a state-of-the-art of algal biochar for different soil-related applications and demonstrate the bottlenecks and opportunities. Specifically, a thorough comparison of algae species (20 microalgae and 20 macroalgae) is developed to benefit future researchers, involving chemical compositions, proximate analysis, solid-product fraction, physical properties and chemical properties. Redox conditions, surface functional groups and pH conditions are determined in lab-scale. Moreover, different algal biochar applications on soil and plant are analysed to optimise the commercial value of algal biochar, including soil conditioner, compositing additives, carrier for fertilisers, manure treatment and stable blending. Due to the abundant mineral contents (0.23-1.21% Na, 0.03-2.92% K, 0.75-7.17% Al, 0.19-1.24% Mg, 6.5-7% Ca and 0.04-0.69% Fe) of algal biochar, this study not only reviews the positive effects on soil improvement but also negative effects such as phytotoxic effect and heavy-metal pollution. A laboratory-based chemical oxidation approach (Edinburgh Stability Tool) is used to assess relatively long-term biochar stability and the influence of nutrient cycling. The optimal pyrolysis conditions (temperature, retention time and heating rate) and potential future commercial applications are obtained through the comprehensive review of algal biochar for soil improvement.    </p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassahun Tesfaye

Abstract Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereal crops around the world, particularly in Africa, highly cultivated for dietary staple. For this reason, a good knowledge and usage of this genetic resource in sorghum accessions is highly vital for improving crop quality. Analysis of genetic variability among the accessions will enable accurate results in breeding. The research design used was augmented design, which is common in many gene banks. This research finding would be used later by plant breeders to select best performers for further evaluation of the crop and obtain a new variety of sorghum.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Hyun-Geun Min ◽  
Chung Youl Park ◽  
Hong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Yoon-Ah Yeom ◽  
Jonghee Oh ◽  
...  

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kapulnik ◽  
S. Sarig ◽  
I. Nur ◽  
Y. Okon ◽  
J. Kigel ◽  
...  

SUMMARYInoculatingZea mays(three cultivars),Sorghum bicolor, Panicum miliaceumandSetaria italicawith nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azospirillum in Northern Negev and Bet Shean Valley field experiments resulted in significant increases in yield of grain and foliage of commercial value. It was concluded that inoculating summer cereal crops in Israel may save valuable nitrogen fertilizer.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.V. Leukhina ◽  
◽  
V.D. Dmitrieva ◽  
V.I. Panarina ◽  
◽  
...  

We studied responsiveness of the different soybean cultivars bred at the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Cereal Crops on application of the bio-fertilizers “Bio-Terra” Growth Energy and Gumistim. These preparations had positive effects on germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds and on development of root system and accumulation of dry matter in soybean plants of the cultivars Lantsetnaya and Shatilovskaya 17.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Erin A Posey ◽  
Wenliang He ◽  
Chandler C Steele ◽  
Jeffrey W Savell ◽  
Guoyao Wu

Abstract Glycine is required for maximum growth and development for growing pigs. Traditional swine diets are deficient in glycine. This is concerning for intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pigs (20–25% of all pigs born) as they are born with low bodyweights and underdeveloped skeletomuscular systems. Therefore, IUGR piglets are culled at birth, as they are unlikely to survive and unable to reach market weight at the same rate as normal birthweight (NBW) littermates. Additionally, IUGR pigs are not fed to market weight due to undesirable carcass attributes at slaughter such as increased subcutaneous fat deposition and decreased overall desirable protein yield. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that providing dietary glycine supplementation in traditional corn- and-soybean meal-based diets would improve the growth rate of IUGR pigs between weaning (age 21d) and market weight (age 188d). Fourteen IUGR pigs (birthweight = 0.98±0.03 kg, mean ± SEM) and 20 NBW pigs (birthweight = 1.44±0.02 kg, mean ± SEM) were obtained at weaning and used for this study. Pigs from each birthweight group were randomly assigned to 1% glycine + 0.19% corn starch treatment group or 1.19% alanine group (isonitrogenous control). Data were analyzed by using 2-way ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison test. At 188 d of age, glycine supplemented IUGR pigs were 4.4 kg heavier (P < 0.05) than control IUGR pigs, and had similar (P >0.05) body weights to those NBW counterparts. Feed intake did not differ among the treatment groups (P >0.05). Additionally, glycine supplementation improved markers of meat quality in IUGR pig carcasses compared to control IUGR carcasses, including decreased backfat thickness, increased loineye area, and increased overall muscle score (P < 0.05). Overall, results of this study show that dietary glycine supplementation to IUGR pigs post-weaning has positive effects on lean tissue gain and meat quality. (Supported by USDA-NIFA)


Author(s):  
IZABELE PAES DE BRITO ◽  
JENYFFER MEDEIROS CAMPOS ◽  
TÁBATA FERNANDA LOPES DE SOUZA ◽  
CHIKA WAKIYAMA ◽  
GEÍZA ALVES DE AZEREDO

Formulou-se receita básica de barra de cereal, empregando biscoito de amido de milho, açúcar demerara, leite em pó desnatado, flocos de arroz, aveia em flocos, xarope de glicose de milho, uva passa e damasco seco, como alternativa às barras encontradas no comércio. Para avaliar a composição centesimal e a aceitação desse produto caseiro foram utilizadas duas barras comerciais como parâmetro de referência. O produto foi submetido à determinações de carboidratos, lipídios, proteínas, fibras e à análise sensorial. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a barra formulada apresentou valores bem próximos aos das industrializadas no que se refere ao aporte calórico, carboidratos e proteínas. Entretanto, foram encontrados teores de lipídios 83,0% a 95,7% mais baixos que os das barras comerciais. O teor de fibras mostrou-se 14% menor na barra caseira, sugerindo-se a substituição do biscoito pela versão integral e inserção de cereais integrais na formulação para incrementar o aporte de fibras. A barra formulada obteve aceitação global superior à das barras de referência, representando opção para suplementação de fibras na dieta. Concluiu-se que o produto atende às especificações sanitárias, nutricionais e sensoriais. ELABORATION AND GLOBAL EVALUATION OF A HOME-MADE CEREAL BAR Abstract A basic recipe of cereal bar was formulated, by employing corn starch biscuit, demerara sugar, skim powder milk, rice flakes, oat flakes, corn glucose syrup, raisin and dried apricot, as alternative to the bars available in the market. To evaluate the centesimal composition and the acceptance of this home-made product, two commercial bars were utilized as reference parameter. The product was submitted to carbohydrate, lipids, proteins and fiber determinations and to sensory analysis. The obtained results demonstrated that the formulated bar showed very near values to those found in industrialized bars as it concerns the presence of calories, carbohydrates and proteins. However, lipid contents were 83% to 95.7% lower than the commercial bars. Fiber content was 14% lower in the home-made bar, suggesting that the substitution of the biscuit by the whole version and the insertion of whole cereals in the formulation to increment the fiber content. The formulated bar obtained global acceptance superior to the reference bars, representing an option to fiber supplementation in the diet. It was concluded that the product assists the sanitary, nutritional and sensory specifications.


Author(s):  
Vladyslava Harchuk ◽  
Anzhelika Gerasymenko

The article considers the nature of price discrimination, defined by different researchers. It mainly relates to strategic behaviour of firms that sell the same product to different consumers at different prices. On the one hand, it leads to redistribution of consumer surplus to producer that reduces a public welfare, being a negative consequence of price discrimination. On another hand, the price discrimination provides access of low-income people to a product. It is the way for them to buy it at a reduced price, and this is a positive consequence of price discrimination on public welfare. The article depicts positive effects of price discrimination with examples of banking (deposit rates), cosmetics (season tickets) and education markets (tuition fee). These markets are distinguish by dispersed structure that is favoured for competition. Negative effects in the article are depicted with example of glucose syrup market, marked with a dominance. These examples, as well as the results of theoretical research, witness that a market structure is one of the determinants of a vector of price discrimination influence on public welfare. Another determinant (behavioural) is defined by Pike – Shastitko criteria, among which are: exploitation of a dominance, distorting of competition on the downstream markets (leverage of dominance), and reducing of the potential competition. Considering of the above-mentioned structural and behavioural determinants of the vector of price discrimination influence on public welfare asks for relevant legal reflection within the system of state regulation of price discrimination. The authors analyse the current Ukrainian legal framework of price discrimination regulation, highlighting the gaps which are still exist, determining mostly negative effects of price discrimination influence on the public welfare of Ukrainians. They develop the recommendation of how to do balance its negative and positive effects through change of legislation, in particular, the introduction of certain requirements for exemption from competition law, starting from the foreign, mainly American, experience.


Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Rida Nawaz ◽  
Aalam Sher ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
Raza Hussain ◽  
...  

Wheat is the main cereal crop worldwide and about 2 billion people suffer from Zn and Fe deficiency because of their dependence just on cereal crops. Three Billion people are malnourished suffering from mild to severe physical and mental disabilities. Vast genetic diversity of Wheat exists in nature that differs in their mineral compositions. Main deficient micronutrients are Provitamin-A, Zn & Fe which deficiencies cause serious physical and mental abnormalities. Different methods of enhancing mineral contents of plants products have been used, out of which biofortification has proved more promising and economical. Bacterial phytoene synthase gene (crtb) and carotene desaturase gene (crti) has been transferred in wheat that has increased carotenoid content but darker colour has less public acceptance.GPC-B1 gene is found to be associated with increase micronutrients but it lowers the overall yield of the plant. Several new methodologies such as oligo-directed mutagenesis, reverse breeding, RNA directed DNA methylation and genome editing have been used for increasing micronutrient composition and their bioavailability. But the combination of Plant Breeding methods with Molecular Techniques will be more useful for advancement in this field.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gladman ◽  
Yinping Jiao ◽  
Young Koung Lee ◽  
Lifang Zhang ◽  
Ratan Chopra ◽  
...  

As in other cereal crops, the panicles of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) comprise two types of floral spikelets (grass flowers). Only sessile spikelets (SSs) are capable of producing viable grains, whereas pedicellate spikelets (PSs) cease development after initiation and eventually abort. Consequently, grain number per panicle (GNP) is lower than the total number of flowers produced per panicle. The mechanism underlying this differential fertility is not well understood. To investigate this issue, we isolated a series of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-induced multiseeded (msd) mutants that result in full spikelet fertility, effectively doubling GNP. Previously, we showed that MSD1 is a TCP (Teosinte branched/Cycloidea/PCF) transcription factor that regulates jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, and ultimately floral sex organ development. Here, we show that MSD2 encodes a lipoxygenase (LOX) that catalyzes the first committed step of JA biosynthesis. Further, we demonstrate that MSD1 binds to the promoters of MSD2 and other JA pathway genes. Together, these results show that a JA-induced module regulates sorghum panicle development and spikelet fertility. The findings advance our understanding of inflorescence development and could lead to new strategies for increasing GNP and grain yield in sorghum and other cereal crops.


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