scholarly journals Evaluation of Hungarian Sporthorse mare performance tests

2010 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
János Posta ◽  
István Komlósi ◽  
Sándor Mihók
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Movement Index ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trait Group

Results of the Hungarian Sporthorse mare performance tests were evaluated. Data from the period of 1993-2009 were used, coveringscores of 618 3-year-old and 310 4-year-old mares, 109 of them were tested at both ages. Seventeen traits were scored on the tests, whichcovered ten conformational, three free jumping performance and four movement analyses traits, respectively. Breeding value estimation wasbased on BLUP animal model. Test year, age and owner were included in the model as fixed effects. Variance components were estimatedwith VCE-6 software package. Heritabilities ranged from 0.32 (frame) to 0.50 (saddle region) for conformation traits, from 0.39 (jumpingstyle) to 0.49 (jumping ability and jumping skill) for free jumping traits and from 0.20 (walk) to 0.48 (canter) for movement analysis traits.Breeding value indexes were constructed for each trait group. Conformation index was computed based on the weighted scores of thebreeding values of conformational traits. The conformational score scales were used as weightings. Free jumping and movement indexescontain the proper breeding values with equal weights. A total index was also constructed using conformation index, two times the freejumping index and two times the movement index. Each breeding values and breeding value indexes were presented with the mean 100 andstandard deviation of 20 for the easier understanding.

Breeding Value Estimation for Pigs in Closed Nucleus Herds

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 12-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi R. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
The Uk

Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) is now the method of choice for the estimation of breeding values in dairy and beef populations. The advantages of this mixed model methodology over traditional methods are well documented and include the simultaneous estimation of fixed effects and prediction of random effects and the utilization of records from all relatives to predict an individuals breeding value. In addition, account is taken of genetic trend and of reduction in genetic variance due to selection. In Canada, BLUP is now used for breeding value estimation of pigs but the structure of the Canadian pig industry is one of many herds practising selection with the herds linked by a widespread use of artificial insemination. The advantages of BLUP have not been investigated for the situation of the UK pig industry where most selection is performed within closed nucleus herds.The objectives of this study were to use computer simulation to determine rates of response, accuracy of prediction and accummulation of inbreeding for pigs in closed nucleus herds when selection decisions were based on estimated breeding values (EBVs) derived from BLUP compared to more traditional methods of phenotypic selection and index selection.

scholarly journals Genetische Analyse von Klauenmaßen aus der Eigenleistungsprüfung von Jungbullen

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
D. Hinrichs ◽  
T. O. Kuhlmann ◽  
E. Stamer ◽  
E. Kalm
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Dorsal Wall ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Genetische Analyse ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Abstract. Title of the paper: Genetic analysis of claw measurements from the performance test of young bulls The present study deals with the analysis of the claw measurements length of dorsal wall, length of heel, high of heel, diagonal, angle of dorsal wall and hardness of claw horn from the performance test of young bulls. Data collection take place at one fore leg and one hind leg from 798 young German Holstein bulls (black and white, red and white) and 89 young Angler bulls. The analysis of the systematic fixed effects was followed by the estimation of genetic parameters. A breeding value estimation was done with some of the claw traits and rank correlation for the breeding values of the claw traits and some official exterieur breeding values and the length of productive life were calculated. Heritabilities ranked from 0.00 (hardness of claw horn, upper point of measurement of hind leg) to 0.45 (diagonal of the foreleg). Genetic correlation between fore leg and hind leg vary between 0.14 and 0.99. Rank correlation of the claw trait breeding values ranked from –0.65 to 0.64. Rank correlation between official breeding values and claw trait breeding values vary from –0.27 to 0.37.

scholarly journals A note on genetic parameters and accuracy of estimated breeding values in honey bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert W. Brascamp ◽  
Piter Bijma
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Additive Genetic Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background In honey bees, observations are usually made on colonies. The phenotype of a colony is affected by the average breeding value for the worker effect of the thousands of workers in the colony (the worker group) and by the breeding value for the queen effect of the queen of the colony. Because the worker group consists of multiple individuals, interpretation of the variance components and heritabilities of phenotypes observed on the colony and of the accuracy of selection is not straightforward. The additive genetic variance among worker groups depends on the additive genetic relationship between the drone-producing queens (DPQ) that produce the drones that mate with the queen. Results Here, we clarify how the relatedness between DPQ affects phenotypic variance, heritability and accuracy of the estimated breeding values of replacement queens. Second, we use simulation to investigate the effect of assumptions about the relatedness between DPQ in the base population on estimates of genetic parameters. Relatedness between DPQ in the base generation may differ considerably between populations because of their history. Conclusions Our results show that estimates of (co)variance components and derived genetic parameters were seriously biased (25% too high or too low) when assumptions on the relationship between DPQ in the statistical analysis did not agree with reality.

Practical aspects of a genetic evaluation system using parentage assigned from genetic markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Dodds ◽  
J. A. Sise ◽  
M. L. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Mating Group ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

Animal breeding values can be calculated when genetic markers have been used to help determine the parentage of some of the animals, but their parentage has been incompletely determined. The pedigree sampling method is 1 computing strategy for calculating these breeding values. This paper describes and discusses methods for dealing with a number of practical issues that arise when implementing such a system for industry use. In particular, diagnostic systems for detecting inadequacies or possible errors in the genotyping systems and the recording of animal management are developed. Also, characteristics of the best assigned pedigrees are calculated according to mating group and used to check for sires missing from these groups. The correlation between breeding values estimated from a single sampled pedigree (using parentage probabilities) and those estimated as the mean from many sampled pedigrees gives a diagnostic to indicate which estimated breeding values are more influenced by uncertainties in relationships. For the analysis of survival traits, a method to enumerate and assign likely parentage to dead offspring which have not been DNA sampled and genotyped is described. When embryo transfer technology is used, the genetic dam needs to be included as a possible dam when considering parentage. If some fixed effects which depend on the parent are missing, these can be sampled similarly to parentage, and this may improve the evaluation if certain assumptions are met. A method to provide a likely list of parents, the ‘fitted pedigree’, which is based on the most likely parents, but modified to reduce the occurrence of unlikely family sets (e.g. very large litters) is also presented. The use of these methods will enhance the practical application of DNA parenting when used in conjunction with genetic evaluation.

Estimation of direct additive and maternal additive genetic effects for weaning weight in Mashona cattle of Zimbabwe using an individual animal model

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Khombe ◽  
J. F. Hayes ◽  
R. I. Cue ◽  
K. M. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Derivative Free ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Future Revision ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

AbstractWeaning weights (or weight nearest to 205 days of age) from 8086 Mashona calves were collected from seven herds covering the period 1976 to 1988. Estimates of (co)variance components were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood using a derivative free algorithm and fitting an individual animal model. Estimates of direct additive heritability, maternal additive heritability, their correlation, total heritability and repeatability, obtained under two models were 0·243 and 0·281, 0·113 and 0·392, –0·282 and –0·269, 0·252 and 0·298, and 0·409 and 0·573, respectively. Trends within herd were estimated from the mean value of progeny born within a particular year. There were no significant trends in direct additive breeding values. A general decline in maternal breeding values was observed. Only one herd (herd 1) had a significant eroiyonmeYital freni (0·385 kg/year). It IMS emphftsilfiti that any future revision of the method used to improve the weaning weights of beef cattle should also improve their maternal breeding values.

scholarly journals Analysis of non-genetic and genetic influences underlying the growth of Kajli lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
K. Javed ◽  
I. Zahoor ◽  
K.M. Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Birth Type

Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic effects on growth performance of Kajli sheep. Traits considered for evaluation were birth weight (BWT), 120-day adjusted weight (120DWT), 180-day adjusted weight (180DWT), 270-day adjusted weight (270DWT), and 365-day adjusted weight (365DWT). Fixed effects of year of birth, season of birth, sex, birth type, and dam age on these traits were evaluated using linear procedures of SAS, 9.1. Similarly, BWT, 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT were used as fixed effects mixed model analyses. Variance components, heritability and breeding values were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. The genetic trend for each trait was obtained by regression of the estimated breeding values (EBV) on year of birth. Analyses revealed substantial influence of birth year on all traits. Sex and birth type were the significant sources of variation for BWT and 120DWT. Season of birth did not influence birth weight meaningfully, but had a significant role in the expression of 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT. Heritability estimates were generally low (0.003 ± 0.018 to 0.099 ± 0.067) for all traits. With the exception of the genetic correlation of 180DWT and 365DWT, the genetic correlations between trait were strong and positive. Only 365DWT had a positive genetic trend. Although the heritability estimates for almost all weight traits were low, high and positive genetic correlations between BWT and other weight traits suggest that selection based on BWT would result in the improvement of other weight traits as a correlated response.Keywords: bodyweight, breeding value, genetic correlation, sheep

scholarly journals Quantitative traits under selection: derivations of distributions, higher moments, and the effects of recombination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Exact Formula ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Four Moments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fertile Area

The mathematical theory of quantitative traits is over one hundred years old but it is still a fertile area for research and analysis. However, the effects of selection on a quantitative trait, while well understood for the effects on the mean and variance, have traditionally been difficult to attack from the perspective of analyzing the probability density of the breeding values and deriving higher (third and fourth) moments as well as analyzing the impact of recombination. In this paper, the exact formula for the breeding value distribution after selection is derived and, using new integral tables, the first four moments are given exact expressions for the first time. In addition, the effects of recombination on the full distribution of breeding values are demonstrated. Finally, the changes of GXE covariance in the selected parent population caused by factors similar to the Bulmer Effect are also investigated in detail.

scholarly journals Breeding value for type traits in beef cattle in theCzech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Veselá ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
P. Šafus ◽  
L. Vostrý ◽  
K. Šeba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
Range Of Values

The type was evaluated in 5 424 young animals of twelve beef breeds. Ten type traits were evaluated: height at sacrum (HS), body length (BL), live weight (LW), front chest width (CW), chest depth (CD), pelvis (P), shoulder muscling (SM), back muscling (BM), rump muscling (RM) and production type (PT). The traits represent two groups: (1) traits scoring body measurements and body capacity (HS, BL, LW, CW, CD, P) and (2) traits scoring muscling (SM, BM, RM, PT). These fixed effects were included in the model: breed, sex, HYS, mother&rsquo;s age, linear regression on age at evaluation and average gain from birth to evaluation. Fixed effects in the model explained 40% to 60% of variability. The highest values of heritability coefficient were estimated for HS (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.51) and LW (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.50). BL had the lowest values of heritability coefficient (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.25). The values h<sup>2</sup> = 0.25&ndash;0.32 were calculated for the traits scoring body capacity (CW, CD, P). The range of values for muscling traits was h<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= 0.26&ndash;0.35. The coefficient of heritability for PT was h<sup>2</sup> = 0.34. All traits scoring muscling and PT showed high genetic correlations (r<sub>g</sub> &gt; 0.95). The traits scoring body capacity (P, CW, CD) were highly genetically correlated with muscling r<sub>g</sub> &gt; 0.83. Breeding values were determined by a multi-trait animal model. Standard deviations of breeding values were higher in HS (s<sub>BV</sub> = 0.71) and LW (s<sub>BV</sub> = 0.84), which was connected with a different method of evaluation of these traits. They were in the range of 0.19 (BL) to 0.30 (RM) in the other traits. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Estimation of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Iva Jiskrová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

The performance of 10671 horses in 10911 sport competitions was used to estimate the breeding value of the population of the Czech warm-blooded horses using the Best Linear Unibased Prediction method. The sport performance was estimated on the basis of the number of bad points (penalties) in jumping competitions. We analysed 252781 sporting results in the period 1991 – 2002. The estimations encompassed the fixed effects of sex, age, level of the competition and random effects of the breeder, rider, competition and the permanent environment. We compared the original and innovated calculations of the estimate of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic. We then compiled a list of estimated breeding values for stallions having 30 or more offspring and we compared the estimated breeding values with the results of the official system of progeny testing for performance in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Genetic trend for jumping performance in Czech warm-blooded horses

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Iva Jiskrová
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimated Breeding Value

Data on the jumping performance of horses in the period of 1991 - 2002 were analysed. The data included 252781 starts of 10671 horses in 10911 jumping competitions. The performance was characterised on the basis of the obtained bad points (penalties) of the competing horses. The BLUP Animal model was used to estimate the breeding value of the sport horses; the genetic trend in the jumping performance of the Czech warm-blooded horse was assessed on the basis of these results. Regression analysis and calculations of the mean breeding values based on the year of birth were used to determine the dependence of the estimated breeding value on the year of birth. The jumping performance of the population of the Czech warm-blooded horse shows a positive trend. The regression coefficient of –0.1337 shows the genetic trend in the population, which means an increasing jumping performance of the horses expressed in reduced earnings of bad points by 0.1337 in dependence on the year of birth.

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