Plano de ações para melhorar os processos de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos em cidades de pequeno e médio porte no Estado de Minas Gerais: contribuições para a construção de uma educação ambiental participativa/ Action plan to improve solid waste management processes in small and medium-sized cities in the State of Minas Gerais: contributions to the construction of participatory environmental education

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 70420-70436
Author(s):  
Cleiseano Emanuel da Silva Paniagua ◽  
Valdinei de Oliveira Santos
Author(s):  
Célia Regina Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
Magali De Moraes Menti

RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS: GERENCIAMENTO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS FEDERAIS  SOLID WASTE: MANAGEMENT AND FEDERAL PUBLIC POLICIES  Célia Regina Pereira Rodrigues* Magali de Moraes Menti**  RESUMO: Esta pesquisa nasceu da percepção sobre a situação crítica que vivemos em relação à falta de conscientização da população sobre os resíduos sólidos. Apesar de estarmos no século XXI, muito pouco é feito para amenizar, quiçá erradicar a poluição ambiental. Dada a importância do papel do Estado nesta questão, este estudo buscou verificar como o Estado percebe e trabalha a educação ambiental em relação aos resíduos sólidos, em especial, como as políticas públicas estão sendo efetivadas e quais as ações pertinentes vêm sendo desenvolvidas pelo Estado. Para tal, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, com a utilização de dados secundários, bibliográficos e documentais. A partir do artigo 225, inciso VI da Constituição Federal de 1988, da Lei nº 9.795/99, que dispõe sobre a educação ambiental, e do Decreto nº 4.281/02 que a regulamenta, analisou-se a Lei nº 12.305/10, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, especificamente no que toca à responsabilidade e suas diretrizes relativas à gestão integrada e ao gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Verificou-se que, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, o Brasil passou a apresentar uma boa estrutura constitucional de proteção ao meio ambiente. Contudo, constatou-se que é necessário que as normas já estabelecidas sejam aplicadas efetivamente e que os administradores públicos tomem atitudes mais enérgicas quanto à existência de que a sociedade assuma a sua responsabilidade em relação aos problemas ambientais, possibilitando assim, que as futuras gerações possam gozar de uma melhor qualidade de vida. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação Ambiental. Gerenciamento. Logística Reversa. Resíduos Sólidos. Responsabilidade Compartilhada. ABSTRACT: This study arose from the perception of the critical situation we are living concerning the lack of public awareness regarding environmental pollution. Although we are in the 21st century, very little has been developed to mitigate, or eradicate environmental pollution. Given the importance of the state's role in this matter, this study sought to determine how the state perceives and works with environmental education in relation to solid waste, in particular, how public policies are taking effect and what appropriate actions have been taken by the state. To attain this goal, the study followed a qualitative approach with the use of secondary, bibliographic and documentary data. Considering the article 225, section VI of the 1988 Federal Constitution, Law nº. 9.795/99 which addresses environmental education, and the decree nº. 4.281/02, which regulates the aforementioned law, the law nº. 12.305/10 was analyzed. It establishes the National Solid Waste Policy, specifically regarding responsibility and guidelines for integrated management and solid waste management. It was found that after the Federal Constitution of 1988, Brazil has presented a good constitutional framework for environmental protection. However, it was also found that it is essential that the established rules are applied effectively and that public officials take stronger attitudes to enforce the society’s responsibility concerning the environmental problems, thus allowing future generations to enjoy a better quality of life. KEYWORDS: Environmental Education. Management. Reverse Logistic. Solid Waste. Shared Responsibility.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 Fundamentação Teórica. 2 Método. 3 Análise. 3.1 A Percepção Temporal do Estado com Relação aos Resíduos Sólidos. Considerações Finais. Referências.* Especialista em Gestão Pública pela Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS). Graduada em Direito pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS).   ** Doutora e Mestre em Letras e Linguística Aplicada pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Professora Adjunta da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS).


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Daskal ◽  
Ofira Ayalon ◽  
Mordechai Shechter

Regulation is a key tool for implementing municipal solid waste (MSW) management strategies and plans. While local authorities in Israel are responsible for the storage, collection, and disposal of MSW, Israel’s Ministry of Environmental Protection (MoEP) is responsible for the formulation and implementation of waste management policies and legislation. For the past 12 years, about 80% of the MSW in Israel has been landfilled and recycling rates have not increased, despite regulations. This paper presents the state of MSW management in Israel in light of the MoEP’s strategic goal of landfilling reduction, the regulations and legislation designed and implemented for achieving this goal, and the ensuing results. Among other things, the results indicate the importance of monitoring and assessing policy and regulations to examine whether regulation is in fact effective and whether it keeps track of its own targets and goals or not. It is also concluded that even when there is an extensive regulation that includes a wide range of laws, economic penalties and financial incentives (such as landfill levy and financing of MSW separation at source arrangements), this does not guarantee proper treatment or even an improvement in waste management. The key to success is first and foremost a suitable infrastructure that will enable achievement of the desired results.


Author(s):  
David O. Olukanni ◽  
Ola O. Oresanya

One of the challenges of Lagos State is efficient and cost-effective solid waste management. This paper focuses on progress made in waste management operations in the State. An assessment to know how waste generation, collection, transportation and disposal have put demands on state resources, and its physical infrastructure was carried out. The state generates about 12,000 metric tons of waste daily (0.72kg/person/day). Due to limited budgetary allocation, the state government instituted the Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) to perform supervisory roles and charged with the implementation, advocacy, monitoring and enforcement of waste management policies. As part of its roles, the agency enlisted Private Service Providers (PSP) for the purpose of appropriate billing of waste services. LAWMA centrally collects revenue and remits agreed portion of 60% of waste charges to individual PSP accounts in accordance to estimated waste collected. The state is focused on resource recovery programs such as composting, land filling and pelletizing of plastics and nylons. The implications (environmental, economic, social and financial) for managing solid waste gives credence to the renewal campaign for resource conservation and environmental sustainability. Thus, the 4 Rs of waste management – Reduction, Reuse, Recovery and Recycling are being demonstrated through establishment of compost production plant, championing of Waste-To-Wealth Initiatives and Renewable Energy (RE).


2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Deschamps ◽  
Olivia Vasconcelos ◽  
Lisete Lange ◽  
Claudio Luis Donnici ◽  
Merces Coelho da Silva ◽  
...  

Today the management of solid waste and wastewater is a major concern for humanity. In the last decade, traces of pharmaceuticals have been reported in the water cycle and have raised concerns among regulators, water suppliers and the public regarding the potential risks to human health. This study evaluated solid waste management in the state of Minas Gerais and concluded that the main fate of hazardous waste has been incineration, while the non-hazardous waste has been recycled or sent to landfills. However, complaints to the Environmental Agency - FEAM have indicated that a significant number of companies just send their hazardous wastes to landfills or even to garbage dumps, thus highlighting the urgent need for adequate waste management in Minas Gerais. Most of the pharmaceutical companies in Minas Gerais use conventional wastewater treatment. Mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) showed that the treatment routes adopted by the two 2 selected pharmaceutical industries were not effective enough since residues and degradation products of antibiotics were detected. The physicochemical analysis of the effluents showed variability in their characteristics, which may influence their treatability. The degradation assay with Fenton's reagent stood out as a promising route in achieving a higher removal capacity compared to the conventional treatment. This study contributes to enhancing our knowledge of the management of wastewater as well as of solid waste from the pharmaceutical industry in Minas Gerais and points out the need for further research.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pollyana da Silva de Magalhães ◽  
Sandra Maria Furiam Dias

Esse estudo propõe uma metodologia pautada em estratégias participativas para a construção de uma matriz de indicadores para avaliação de programas/projetos de Educação Ambiental (EA) em saneamento. Para isso, conjugaram-se fundamentos teóricos e marcos legais de ambas as áreas a partir da construção, aplicação e validação de indicadores, com estratégias metodológicas onde, os interesses e percepções dos atores envolvidos em tais programas/projetos, pudessem ser conhecidos e eticamente negociados para que, assim, o rigor metodológico e os conhecimentos empíricos favoreçam o empoderamento dos envolvidos e, desse modo, a legitimidade e efetividade da avaliação. A presente proposta foi aplicada em um programa de EA para a gestão de resíduos sólidos desenvolvido em um município do semiárido baiano. Palavras-Chave: Educação Ambiental, Saneamento, Possibilidades Metodológicas, Construção de Indicadores, Avaliação de Programas/projetos. Abstract This study proposes a methodology based in participatory strategies for building a matrix of indicators for evaluating programs/projects of Environmental Education (EE) in sanitation. For this, theoretical grounds and legal frameworks in both areas were combined from the construction, application and validation of indicators with methodological strategies in which the interests and perceptions of the actors involved in such programs/projects could be known and ethically negotiated so that the methodological rigor and empirical knowledge favor the empowerment of those involved and thus the legitimacy and effectiveness of the evaluation. The present proposal was applied in an EE Program for Solid Waste Management developed in a municipality in the semi-arid region of Bahia. Keywords: Environmental Education, Sanitation, Methodological Possibilities, Construction of Indicators, Program/ projects Evaluation.


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