scholarly journals Antidepressant-like effect of Cuminum cyminum essential oil on the forced swim and tail suspension tests in male mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Kosar Asadi ◽  
Saeid Abbasi-Maleki ◽  
Goudarz Sadeghi Hashjin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time

Background and aims: Several pharmacological and biological activities have been attributed to Cuminum cyminum L. (CC), including analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-epileptic effects. In this regard, the present study evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of the CC essential oil (EO) on the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in male mice. Materials and Methods: The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) apparatus was used for detecting the chemical compounds of CC EO. In the present study, 72 male NMRI mice were randomly allocated to 12 groups (each containing 6 animals) including control or vehicle (10 mL/kg, i.p.), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.), imipramine (30 mg/kg, i.p), and the CC EO (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, i.p.). Then, several parameters were measured and recorded, including immobility time, swimming time, and climbing time in FST, along with immobility time in TST, respectively. Results: Cuminaldehyde followed by cymene, γ-terpinene, phenylglycol, 2-caren-10-al, 2-β-pinene, acoradiene, and cuminic acid were the major components of the CC EO. Based on the results, all doses of the CC, fluoxetine, and imipramine reduced immobility time in both FST (P<0.001) and TST (P<0.001). On the other hand, all doses of the CC and fluoxetine increased swimming time (P<0.001) although climbing time was only increased by 200 and 300 mg/kg of the EO (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively) and imipramine (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the components of the CC induced antidepressant-like activity similar to that of fluoxetine and imipramine in both tests. However, further studies are required to confirm the role of different active components and the exact mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidepressant activity of tramadol in comparison with imipramine in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Chiranjeevi Bonda ◽  
Sudhir Pawar ◽  
Jaisen Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of opioid analgesic tramadol using forced swim test and tail suspension test models.Methods: The antidepressant effect was assessed by recording the immobility time in Forced swim test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST). The mice were randomly divided into five groups. Mice belonging to group I was given normal saline (0.1ml/kg) which acted as control. Group II received imipramine (15mg/kg) considered as the standard drug tramadol was given in graded dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) to mice of groups III, IV, V respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally for seven successive days; test was done on 7th day.Results: Tramadol and Imipramine showed antidepressant activity when compared to control. There is dose dependent increase in antidepressant activity of tramadol. The antidepressant activity of imipramine was significantly (P<0.05) more than tramadol at dose 10 and 20 mg/kg but antidepressant activity with tramadol 40mg/kg was comparable to imipramine treated mice.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated the presence of antidepressant activity of tramadol at 40mg/kg.

Antidepressant-like effect of Albizia zygia root extract in murine models

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Wumbor-Apin Kumbol ◽  
Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi ◽  
Robert Peter Biney
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time

AbstractBackgroundAlbizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr. (Leguminosae) has been used to treat mental disorders in traditional African medicine. Nonetheless, there is limited scientific evidence to justify its present use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of the hydroethanolic extract of A. zygia roots (AZE) in murine models.MethodsAZE was evaluated in the tail suspension test, forced swim test, and the repeated open-space swim test of depression. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of action, the activity of AZE was re-evaluated after treating mice with selective inhibitors of monoamine biosynthesis. The potential of AZE to influence spontaneous locomotion was also examined.ResultsAZE (100–1000 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension and forced swim tests (at least p < 0.05). In the repeated open-space swim test, AZE reduced the immobility time (at least p < 0.05) while concomitantly increasing the distance swam by mice (p < 0.01). However, the antidepressant-like activity of AZE was attenuated by α-methyl-para-tyrosine and reserpine (p < 0.0001) but not para-chlorophenylalanine.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that AZE possesses antidepressant-like properties and support the traditional use of AZE for the treatment of depression.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Vitis vinifera

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Bishnu Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Suspension Test

The present study was determined to evaluate the effect of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) as well as its interaction with conventional antidepressant drug using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in its actions. The extract was found to reduce the explorative tendencies of the rats in the tail suspension test and forced swim test the extract caused a significant reduction in immobility time and increased swimming time. The leaf of the plant were collected and authenticated. The methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) showed the significant antidepressant activity comparable to the standard drug. The oral administration of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively as compared to the control treated group showed an antidepressant activity comparable to that of standard drug. The antidepressant effects of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) having a particular quality to be mainly associated with the activation of dopamineergic system and possess potential antidepressant activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Potential Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Rice Leaf

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truong Minh ◽  
Tran Xuan ◽  
Truong Van ◽  
Yusuf Andriana ◽  
Tran Viet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Methyl Ricinoleate ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Rice Leaf ◽  
Rice Leaves

Although many investigations on phytochemicals in rice plant parts and root exudates have been conducted, information on the chemical profile of essential oil (EO) and potent biological activities has been limited. In this study, chemical compositions of rice leaf EO and in vitro biological activities were investigated. From 1.5 kg of fresh rice leaves, an amount of 20 mg EO was obtained by distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization (ESI), and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to reveal the presence of twelve volatile constituents, of which methyl ricinoleate (27.86%) was the principal compound, followed by palmitic acid (17.34%), and linolenic acid (11.16%), while 2-pentadecanone was the least (2.13%). Two phytoalexin momilactones A and B were first time identified in EO using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS) (9.80 and 4.93 ng/g fresh weight, respectively), which accounted for 7.35% and 3.70% of the EO, respectively. The assays of DPPH (IC50 = 73.1 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 198.3 µg/mL), FRAP (IC50 = 700.8 µg/mL) and β-carotene oxidation (LPI = 79%) revealed that EO possessed an excellent antioxidant activity. The xanthine oxidase assay indicated that the anti-hyperuricemia potential was in a moderate level (IC50 = 526 µg/mL) as compared with the standard allopurinol. The EO exerted potent inhibition on growth of Raphanus sativus, Lactuca sativa, and two noxious weeds Echinochloa crus-galli, and Bidens pilosa, but in contrast, the growth of rice seedlings was promoted. Among the examined plants, the growth of the E. crus-galli root was the most inhibited, proposing that constituents found in EO may have potential for the control of the problematic paddy weed E. crus-galli. It was found that the EO of rice leaves contained rich phytochemicals, which were potent in antioxidants and gout treatment, as well as weed management. Findings of this study highlighted the potential value of rice leaves, which may provide extra benefits for rice farmers.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Msaada ◽  
Nidhal Salem ◽  
Olfa Bachrouch ◽  
Slim Bousselmi ◽  
Sonia Tammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

scholarly journals Mouse, rat, and dog bioavailability and mouse oral antidepressant efficacy of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn N Highland ◽  
Patrick J Morris ◽  
Panos Zanos ◽  
Jacqueline Lovett ◽  
Soumita Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Abuse Potential ◽  
Absolute Bioavailability ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy

Background: ( R,S)-ketamine has gained attention for its rapid-acting antidepressant actions in patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, widespread use of ketamine is limited by its side effects, abuse potential, and poor oral bioavailability. The ketamine metabolite, ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, exerts rapid antidepressant effects, without ketamine’s adverse effects and abuse potential, in rodents. Methods: We evaluated the oral bioavailability of ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in three species (mice, rats, and dogs) and also evaluated five candidate prodrug modifications for their capacity to enhance the oral bioavailability of ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in mice. Oral administration of ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine was assessed for adverse behavioral effects and for antidepressant efficacy in the mouse forced-swim and learned helplessness tests. Results: ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine had absolute bioavailability between 46–52% in mice, 42% in rats, and 58% in dogs. Compared to intraperitoneal injection in mice, the relative oral bioavailability of ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine was 62%, which was not improved by any of the candidate prodrugs tested. Following oral administration, ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine readily penetrated the brain, with brain to plasma ratios between 0.67–1.2 in mice and rats. Oral administration of ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine to mice did not alter locomotor activity or precipitate behaviors associated with discomfort, sickness, or stereotypy up to a dose of 450 mg/kg. Oral ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine reduced forced-swim test immobility time (15–150 mg/kg) and reversed learned helplessness (50–150 mg/kg) in mice. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine has favorable oral bioavailability in three species and exhibits antidepressant efficacy following oral administration in mice.

Failure to detect the action of antidepressants in the forced swim test in Swiss mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Suman ◽  
Nathalia Zerbinatti ◽  
Lais Cristina Theindl ◽  
Karolina Domingues ◽  
Cilene Lino de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
High Doses

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to replicate previously published experiments and to modify the protocol to detect the effects of chronic antidepressant treatment in mice.MethodsMale Swiss mice (n=6–8/group) housed in reversed light/dark cycle were randomly assigned into receive vehicle (10% sucrose), sub-effective doses (1 and 3 mg/kg) or effective doses (10 and 30 mg/kg) of bupropion, desipramine, and fluoxetine and a candidate antidepressant, sodium butyrate (1–30 mg/kg) per gavage (p.o.) 1 h before the forced swim test (FST). Treatments continued daily for 7 and 14 days during retests 1 and 2, respectively. In an additional experiment, mice received fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or vehicle (10% sucrose or 0.9% saline) p.o. or i.p. before the FST. Mice housed in reversed or standard light/dark cycles received fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) prior FST. Video recordings of behavioural testing were used for blind assessment of the outcomes.ResultsAccording to the expected, doses of antidepressants considered sub-effective failed to affect the immobility time of mice in the FST. Surprisingly, acute and chronic treatment with the high doses of bupropion, desipramine, and fluoxetine or sodium butyrate also failed to reduce the immobility time of mice in the FST. Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg was also ineffective in the FST when injected i.p. or in mice housed in normal light/dark cycle.ConclusionData suggest the lack of efficacy of orally administered bupropion, desipramine, fluoxetine in the FST in Swiss mice. High variability, due to high and low immobility mice, may explain the limited effects of the treatments.

scholarly journals In Vitro Study of Multi-Therapeutic Properties of Thymus bovei Benth. Essential Oil and Its Main Component for Promoting Their Use in Clinical Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Hassan ◽  
Kateřina Berchová-Bímová ◽  
Miroslava Šudomová ◽  
Milan Malaník ◽  
Karel Šmejkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Main Component

Thymus bovei Benth. (TB) is an important plant in the traditional medicine of the Mediterranean region. This study investigates the health-promoting properties of TB essential oil (TB-EO) for its possible use in clinical practice with regards to its cytotoxic, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and antihypertensive (through inhibition of human angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE) properties. The phytochemical profile of EO (99.9%) was analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, all biological methods were performed at the level of in vitro studies. The results showed that TB-EO exerted remarked cytotoxic properties against human cervical carcinoma cells, colon cancer cells, and lung adenocarcinoma cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 7.22, 9.30, and 8.62 µg/mL, respectively, in comparison with that of standard anticancer drug cisplatin with IC50 values of 4.24, 5.21, and 5.43 µg/mL, respectively. Fascinatingly, TB-EO showed very weak cytotoxicity on the healthy human fetal lung fibroblast cells with an IC50 value of 118.34 µg/mL compared with that of cisplatin (IC50 = 10.08 µg/mL). TB-EO, its main component geraniol, TB-EO combined with acyclovir (ACV) along with standard ACV, have displayed pronounced inhibitory properties against the replication of HSV-2 with the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.13, 1.92, 0.81 and 1.94 µg/mL, respectively, with corresponding selectivity indices (SI) 98.59, 109.38, 259.26 and 108.25, respectively. TB-EO and geraniol at a concentration of 15 µg/mL showed prominent inhibitory activities against ACE with % of inhibition 95.4% and 92.2%, respectively, compared with that of standard inhibitor captopril (99.8%; 15 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies were performed to unveil the mechanism of action of geraniol as well as structural parameters necessary for anti-HSV-2 activity (through the inhibition of HSV-2 protease) and ACE inhibition. This is the first report on the chemical composition of Egyptian TB-EO along with the above-mentioned biological activities. Our results may be considered as novel findings in the course of a search for new and active anticancer, anti-HSV-2 and antihypertensive agents, and expand the medicinal value of this plant and its phytochemicals in clinical practice.

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