scholarly journals Care Work and Time Use: A Focus on Child Care, Personal Care and Elderly Care Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
R Ramya
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Women And Girls

Today the concept of ‘time poverty’ is gaining much attention. Since time is a limited factor, when more of it is devoted to paid and unpaid work, less time is available for leisure, which results in high time poverty. Time is often more precious than money and is regarded as a natural and universal concept. A woman’s position in the society and family as well as her time allocation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Therefore a woman’s paid works as well as her unpaid domestic work especially care work are equally significant as it produces significant influence upon her time allocation. Across globe, women and girls does the vast majority of care giving work in the home which creates disproportional responsibilities finally result in time poverty. This paper mainly focuses on the care time (child care, elderly care and personal care time) devoted by working women across different occupations

Masculinity and Child Care: The Reconstruction of Fathering

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Brandth ◽  
Elin Kvande
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Care Giving

In this article we focus on a group of fathers who use parental leave and how they include care-giving in their construction of masculinity. The fathers shape their own masculine form of care-work differently from the mothers' interaction with the child. Both mothers and fathers, however, take part in the process of reproducing masculinity as the norm by giving masculine care higher status. Care-giving activities are adopted by the hegemonic form of masculinity with its strong connection to paid work.

scholarly journals Informal Elderly Caregiving and Time Spent on Leisure: Evidence from Time Use Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-410
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rokicka ◽  
Olga Zajkowska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Time Use Survey

Abstract This paper examines the risk of time poverty defined as leisure participation among informal caregivers of adults and older people. We draw on the most recent time use survey conducted in Poland, which incorporated more than 28,000 households in 2013. We assess the extent to which caregivers are more likely to experience shortages of time spent on physical activity, hobbies, and social life. Additional information about respondents’ time preferences allows us to examine not only the objective and relative time deficits of caregivers, but also the subjective and expressed ones. We distinguish between co-resident caregivers and those living outside the household of care recipients, simultaneously accounting for the differences between male and female caregivers, as well as care provided during working days (Monday-Friday), and that provided on weekends (Saturday-Sunday). Our results indicate that caregivers for adults are in general more likely to allocate less time to physical activity, hobbies, and their social lives. This effect, however, is observed primarily among co-resident caregivers, both male and female. The leisure time of caregivers is more noticeably affected during weekends than on working days. Concurrently, caregivers are more likely to admit that they wish to spend more time on different forms of leisure activity. This confirms the hypothesis of a trade-off between time allocated to elderly care and that allocated to self-care, which can be detrimental to the health, life satisfaction, and wellbeing of informal caregivers.

scholarly journals Time Poverty, Work Status and Gender: The Case of Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najam-us-saqib Najam-us-saqib ◽  
G.M. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
And Gender

The present study measures time poverty and its incidence across gender, occupational groups, industries, regions, and income levels using Time Use Survey (TUS) 2007, the first nationwide time use survey for Pakistan. In the entire TUS sample, the incidence of time poverty is 14 percent. Women are found to be more time poor than men whether employed or not. This is because of certain women-specific activities that they have to perform irrespective of their employment status. Working women are far more time poor than those not working.. Women accepting a job have to make a major trade-off between time poverty and monetary poverty. People working in professions and industries that generally require extended work hours and offer low wage rates are more time poor. This entails a situation of double jeopardy for workers who tend to be money and time poor at the same time. The close association of time poverty with low income found in this study corroborates this conclusion. Government can help reduce time poverty by enforcing minimum wage laws and mandatory ceiling on work hours in industries with high concentration of time poverty. Eradication of monetary poverty can also eliminate the need to work long hours at low wages just to survive. A fair distribution of responsibilities between men and women.is also needed. Keywords: Time Poverty, Gender Disparities, Time Use, SNA Activities, Time Use Survey, Pakistan

scholarly journals Addressing Unpaid Care and Domestic Work for a Gender-equal and Inclusive Kenya: WE-Care policy briefing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Oloo ◽  
Amber Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Care Work ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Care work is the heartbeat of every society: it contributes to our wellbeing as a nation and is crucial for our social and economic development. Yet the disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care work results in time poverty and significant opportunity costs, particularly among the poorest and most marginalized women and girls. This policy brief outlines why unpaid care work is a critical development, economic and gender equality issue for Kenya. It draws on two sets of evidence from Oxfam’s Women’s Economic Empowerment and Care (WE-Care) programme, which explore the impact of women and girls’ heavy and unequal unpaid care responsibilities both before and during COVID-19.

The Hidden Organization of Labor: Gender, Race/Ethnicity and Child-Care Work in the Formal and Informal Economy

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Tuominen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Child Care Work ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Employed Parents ◽  
Political Economic

While extensive studies document the need for child care in the United States, little has been done to explore the organization of child-care work or its political economic context. The article explores, both empirically and theoretically, the organization of child-care work in the United States. While formal child-care centers emerged as the fastest-growing source of child care for employed parents in the last 25 years, informal arrangements continue to serve as the source of over 75% of child care for employed parents in the United States. Given the vast provision of child care in settings outside of formal markets, informal-sector economic theory appeared a potentially viable framework for elucidating the organization of child-care work. Informal-sector theory clearly assists in identifying many forms of production existing outside of the formal market economy. Even so, informal-sector theorists show a proclivity to define and analyze labor according to the norms of formal market production. Also, theories rooted in the norms of the formal market economy fail to fully analyze care-giving work, work historically performed by women outside of formal markets. In order to accurately analyze and theorize the organization of care-giving work, political economic theories must explicitly incorporate women's household and domestic labor. By so doing theories will more fully demonstrate the ways in which gender and race/ethnicity serve as the fundamental structures organizing the work of care-giving.

Review of Tough Times and Tender Moments in Child Care Work.

1967 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 468-468
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS HOBBS
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Child Care Work

Parental Leave: The Need for a National Policy to Foster Sexual Equality

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-104
Author(s):  
Scott A. Caplan-Cotenoff
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Sexual Equality ◽  
Pregnancy Discrimination ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
The U.S

AbstractWorking women are without substantial protection from the ramifications of pregnancy discrimination, and the opportunities for working men to take leave from work to participate in child care are limited. Recently, private businesses have begun implementing maternity or parental leave policies to address these problems. These policies are inconsistent, however, and a national parental leave program is needed to help women attain equal access to jobs and to provide men with the opportunity to participate in child care.This Note examines the historical background of pregnancy discrimination litigation and legislation, and highlights the gaps in the protection currently afforded women. It suggests that a federal parental leave policy may expand the scope of this protection, and attempts to gain insight and draw conclusions from analogous parental leave programs in foreign countries which may be used as models for a national program in the U.S. Such a program would benefit parents, children, and society by removing some of the obstacles to sexual equality.

Does grandparental child-care provision affect number, satisfaction and with whom leisure activities are done?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Merih Ates ◽  
Valeria Bordone ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Enhancement ◽  
Number Frequency ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study investigates the impact of non-intensive and intensive supplementary grandparental child care on grandparents’ involvement in leisure activities. Three aspects of leisure activities are investigated: the number/frequency of activities, with whom they are carried out and the subjective satisfaction with them. Beside the possibility of a cumulation effect, the literature suggests that providing grandparental child care might compete with other activities, especially for women. Thus, we consider role enhancement and role strain theories to derive our hypotheses. We use longitudinal data from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS) which contains rich information on the leisure activities of people aged 40 and older. To account for selection into the provision of grandparental child care, we use a within-unit estimation approach (fixed-effects panel models). Our results show that both grandfathers and grandmothers tend to engage in more leisure activities when they provide grandparental child care. While care-giving grandfathers become more likely to engage in activities with family members without changing their engagement outside the family, we found no effect for women in this respect. Nevertheless, grandparental child-care provision modifies satisfaction with leisure activities only for women, reducing it, independently from with whom leisure activities are carried out. These findings suggest that a higher quantity of leisure activities does not necessarily imply higher quality.

Compassion Fatigue Within Double Duty Caregiving: Nurse-Daughters Caring for Elderly Parents

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Ward-Griffin ◽  
Oona St-Amant ◽  
Judith Brown
Keyword(s):  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Literature Report ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Professional Resources ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
Context Characteristics

This article examines compassion fatigue within double duty caregiving, defined here as the provision of care to elderly relatives by practicing nurses. Using qualitative data from our two studies of Canadian double duty caregivers, we identified and interviewed 20 female registered nurses whom we described as “living on the edge.” The themes of context, characteristics, and consequences emerged from the findings. In this article, we argue that being both a nurse and a daughter leads to the blurring of boundaries between professional and personal care work, which ultimately predisposed these caregivers to compassion fatigue. We found that the context of double duty caregiving, specifically the lack of personal and professional resources along with increasing familial care expectations, shaped the development of compassion fatigue. Nurse-daughters caring for elderly parents under intense and prolonged conditions exhibited certain characteristics, such as being preoccupied and absorbed with their parents’ health needs. The continual negotiation between professional and personal care work, and subsequent erosion of those boundaries, led to adverse health consequences experienced by the nurse-daughters. The study findings point to the need to move beyond the individualistic conceptualization and medical treatment of compassion fatigue to one that recognizes the inherent socio-economic and political contextual factors associated with compassion fatigue. Advocating for practice and policy changes at the societal level is needed to decrease compassion fatigue amongst double duty caregivers. In this article we review the compassion fatigue literature, report our most recent study methods and findings, and discuss our conclusions.

Geht das stärkere Engagement von Frauen in Pflege und Unterstützung auf ihre geringere Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung zurück? Ein Beitrag zur Gleichstellungsdebatte

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Daniela Klaus ◽  
Claudia Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Private Care ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
German Ageing Survey ◽  
Occupational Qualification

Zusammenfassung Frauen leisten nach wie vor mehr private Sorgearbeit als Männer, obwohl ihre Erwerbsbeteiligung in den letzten Jahren deutlich gestiegen ist. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir auf Basis des Deutschen Alterssurveys 1996 bis 2017 im Längsschnitt, ob das stärkere Engagement von Frauen in der Übernahme unbezahlter Unterstützung und Pflege für gesundheitlich eingeschränkte Angehörige darauf zurückgeht, dass sie im Vergleich zu Männern nach wie vor seltener, mit geringerem Stundenumfang sowie geringerer beruflicher Qualifikation am Arbeitsmarkt beteiligt sind. Diese Hypothese wird nicht bestätigt, denn bestehende Geschlechterunterschiede in Pflege und Unterstützung können allenfalls partiell durch die geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung aufgeklärt werden. Abstract: Does Women’s Lower Labor Force Participation Explain their Higher Engagement in Private Care Work? A Contribution to the Debate about Gender Equality Women do still provide more private care work than men, although their participation in employment has increased in the last decades. Using longitudinal data of the German Ageing Survey 1996 to 2017, in this paper, we study, whether women’s greater engagement in unpaid social support and care giving can be attributed to the fact that women compared to men are still less economically active and have a lower occupational qualification. This hypothesis, however, cannot be confirmed, as the gender differences in the private unpaid care work can be explained by gender differences in the labor force participation only to a small amount.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document