Systematic Study of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalytic Activity of Luminescent Copper(I) Pyrazolate Complex/Titanium Oxide Composites

Columnar assembly of luminescent 3,5-dimethyl pyrazolate complexes/titanium oxide composites with different metal ions has shown significant improvement in its photocatalytic activity for the removal and degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Since photocatalytic activity of semiconductor titanium oxide (TiO2) with an anatase phase can be improved by calcination temperature, we report the effect of heat treatments on the preparation of copper(I) 3,5-dimethyl pyrazolate complex/titanium oxide composite ([Cu3Pz3]/TiO2) for the removal and degradation of 2,4-D. Photocatalyst composites [Cu3Pz3]/TiO2 were successfully prepared using an impregnation method with different calcination temperature at 373, 473 and 573 K. Although, the activity of photocatalyst composites [Cu3Pz3]/TiO2 was significantly improved with increasing of calcination temperature on pure TiO2, it was slightly reduced with an increase of calcined temperature to 473 and 573 K. These results showed that [Cu3Pz3]/TiO2 was unstable at high temperature due to the decomposition of molecular structure of [Cu3Pz3] during the preparation of the photocatalyst. Hence, suitable calcination temperature is an important parameter to increase photocatalytic activity of photocatalyst composites [Cu3Pz3]/TiO2.

Download Full-text

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Performance of Photocatalytic Reactor System for Seawater Pretreatment

BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS ◽

10.9767/bcrec.11.2.554.230-237 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weerana Eh Kan ◽

Jamil Roslan ◽

Ruzinah Isha

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Calcination Temperature ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

High Energy ◽

Reactor System ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Seawater Desalination ◽

Photocatalytic Reactor

Conservative desalination technology including distillation requires high energy and cost to operate. Hence, pretreatment process can be done prior to desalination to overcome energy demand and cost reduction. Objective of this research is to study the effect of calcination temperature of hybrid catalyst in photocatalytic reactor system in the seawater desalination, i.e. salt removal in the seawater. The catalyst was synthesized via wet impregnation method with 1:1 weight ratio of TiO2 and activated oil palm fiber ash (Ti:Ash). The catalyst was calcined at different temperature, i.e. 500 oC and 800 oC. The study was carried out in a one liter Borosilicate photoreactor equipped with mercury light of 365 nanometers for two hours with 400 rpm mixing and catalyst to seawater sample weight ratio of 1:400. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and conductivity of the seawater were analyzed prior and after the testing. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized via X-Ray Diffractogram (XRD and Nitrogen physisorption analysis. The calcination temperature significantly influenced the adsorption behaviour and photocatalytic activity. However, Ti:Ash which calcined at 800 oC has less photocatalytic activity. It might be because the surface of fiber ash was sintered after calcined at high temperature. The Ti:Ash catalyst that calcined at 500 oC was found to be the most effective catalyst in the desalination of seawater by reducing the salt concentration of more than 9 % compared to Ti:Ash calcined at 800 oC. It can be concluded that catalyst calcination at 500 °C has better character, performance and economically feasible catalyst for seawater desalination. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reservedReceived: 22nd January 2016; Revised: 23rd February 2016; Accepted: 23rd February 2016How to Cite: Kan, W.E., Roslan, J., Isha R. (2016). Effect of Calcination Temperature on Performance of Photocatalytic Reactor System for Seawater Pretreatment. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (2): 230-237 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.554.230-237)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.554.230-237

Download Full-text

Preparation and Characterization of Cu Loaded TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and their Photocatalytic Activity

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.364.377 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 364 ◽

pp. 377-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syazwani Mohd Zaki ◽

Srimala Sreekantan

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Methyl Orange ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Photoelectron Spectra ◽

Nanotube Arrays ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Wet Impregnation ◽

X Ray

This paper described the preparation of Cu loaded TiO₂ nanotube arrays. Firstly, TiO₂ nanotube arrays were formed by anodization. Afterwards, the formed nanotube arrays were incorporated with Cu by wet impregnation method. The soaking time and concentration were varied to obtain an optimum set of parameter for Cu incorporation in TiO₂ nanotubes. After anodization, all samples were annealed at 400°C for 4 hours to obtain anatase phase. The nanotube arrays were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). An average diameter 63.02 nm and length 12.15µm were obtained for TiO₂ nanotubes. The photocatalytic activity of these nanotubes were investigated with methyl orange (MO) and the TiO₂ nanotube prepared in 0.01M of Cu (NO₃)₂ solution within 3 hours demonstrates the highest photocatalytic activity with 83.6% degradation of methyl orange. Keywords: copper doping, wet impregnation, photocatalytic activity

Download Full-text

Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Copper-Modified Titanium Dioxide Prepared by UV Reduction Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.180 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1112 ◽

pp. 180-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nur Azmina Roslan ◽

Hendrik O. Lintang ◽

Leny Yuliati

Keyword(s):

Crystallite Size ◽

Reduction Method ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In the present study, commercial Hombikat N100 TiO2 that consists of 100% of anatase phase was modified with copper (Cu) as a co-catalyst via two different preparation methods, which were photocatalytic UV reduction and impregnation methods. The Cu loading was fixed to be 0.1 wt%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that Cu/TiO2 sample prepared via different preparation methods gave different crystallinity and/or crystallite size. The Cu/TiO2 sample prepared by photocatalytic UV reduction method has lower crystallinity and/or crystallite size than the sample prepared by impregnation method. The performance of the TiO2 and Cu/TiO2 samples was evaluated for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). After 1 hour reaction, the TiO2 showed percentage removal of 31%, while the Cu/TiO2 sample prepared by photocatalytic UV reduction and impregnation methods gave 39 and 28%, respectively. It was proposed that the higher activity on the Cu/TiO2 sample prepared by photocatalytic UV reduction method was caused by the more successful suppression of electron-hole recombination, as supported by the emission spectra.

Download Full-text

Europium Doped Titania Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity towards the Degradation of Partially Hydrolysis Polyacrylamide

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.219 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 391-392 ◽

pp. 219-224

Author(s):

Jin Huan Li ◽

Hong Bo Fang ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Gui Fan Liu ◽

Shao Dong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Uv Light ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Surface Shape ◽

Titanium Tetraisopropoxide

Nanocrystals with different Eu3+ doping levels (%) were prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal synthetic method using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as titanium source. The products exhibited anatase phase structure, mesoporosity, and interesting surface compositions with three oxygen species and two titanium species. The crystallite sizes, crystal form, surface shape, composition and optical property of catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, XPS and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The products were used as the photocatalysts to degrade a partially hydrolysis polyacrylamide (HPAM) under UV-light irradiation, a very useful polymer in oil recovery. For comparison, Degussa P25 and as-prepared pure TiO2 were also tested under the same conditions. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was obtained on as-prepared Eu3+ composites, and the reasons were explained.

Download Full-text

Cobalt Oxide-Modified Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Photocatalyst for Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.22624 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leny Yuliati ◽

Nur Azmina Roslan ◽

Wai Ruu Siah ◽

Hendrik Oktendy Lintang

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Photocatalytic Degradation ◽

Cobalt Oxide ◽

Uv Light ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Photocatalytic Reaction ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been recognized as a possibly carcinogenic compound to human, therefore, 2,4-D should be treated before it is discharged to the environment. Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D has been proposed as one of the best methods that offer environmentally safe process. In the present research, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was modified with cobalt oxide (CoO) and tested for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D under UV light irradiation. Different amounts of CoO (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mol%) were added onto TiO2 by an impregnation method. The photocatalytic reaction was monitored and analyzed by measurement of 2,4-D absorbance using UV spectrophotometer. After 1 h photocatalytic reaction, it was confirmed that the sample with low loading of 0.1 mol% gave the highest photocatalytic activity among the bare and modified TiO2 photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity was decreased with the increase of CoO loading, suggesting that the optimum amount of CoO was an important factor to improve the performance of TiO2. Based on fluorescence spectroscopy, such addition of CoO resulted in the reduced emission intensity, which showed the successful decrease in the electron-hole recombination.

Download Full-text

Preparation of Multicycle GO/TiO2 Composite Photocatalyst and Study on Degradation of Methylene Blue Synthetic Wastewater

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9163282 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (16) ◽

pp. 3282 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhongtian Fu ◽

Song Zhang ◽

Zhongxue Fu

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Composite Photocatalyst ◽

Initial Ph

A series of composite photocatalysts were prepared by using graphene oxide (GO) prepared by modified Hummers method and TiO2 hydrogel prepared by using butyl titanate as raw materials. The composite photocatalyst was characterized through scanning electron microscope（SEM）, x ray diffraction （XRD）, and Raman spectroscopy, and the degradation effect of pure TiO2 and composite photocatalyst on methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater under different experimental conditions was studied. The results showed that TiO2 in composite photocatalyst was mainly anatase phase and its photocatalytic activity was better than pure TiO2. When the addition of GO reached 15 wt%, the photocatalytic activity was the highest. When 200 mg composite photocatalyst was added to 200 mL synthetic wastewater with a concentration of 10 mg/L and an initial pH of about 8, the degradation rate could reach 95.8% after 2.5 h. It is presumed that the photogenerated charges of GO/TiO2 composite photocatalyst may directly destroy the luminescent groups in the MB molecule and thus decolorize the wastewater, and no other new luminescent groups are generated during the treatment.

Download Full-text

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Methyl Orange over Silica-Titania

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2011/296953 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yaping Guo ◽

Shaogui Yang ◽

Xuefei Zhou ◽

Chunmian Lin ◽

Yajun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Methyl Orange ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Calcination Temperature ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Solution Treatment ◽

X Ray

Silica-modified titania (SMT) powders with different atomic ratios of silica to titanium (Rx) were successfully synthesized by a simple ultrasonic irradiation technique. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. The specific surface area was measured according to BET theory. Results indicate that the addition of silica to titania can suppress the crystalline size growth and the transformation of anatase phase to rutile phase of titania, enlarge specific surface area of the titania particles, and result in a blue shift of absorption edge compared to pure titania. The photocatalytic activity of the SMT samples was evaluated by decolorizing methyl orange aqueous solutions under UV-visible light irradiation. It was found in our study that this activity was affected by silica content, calcination temperature, H2SO4, and oxidants such as KIO4, (NH4)2S2O8and H2O2. The results reveal that the photocatalytic activity of 0.1-SMT catalyst is the best among all samples calcined at550°C for 1 h and it is 1.56 times higher than that of Degussa P-25 titania, which is a widely used commercial TiO2made by Germany Degussa company and has been most widely used in industry as photocatalyst, antiultraviolet product, and thermal stabilizer. The optimal calcination temperature for preparation was550°C. The photocatalytic activity of SMT samples is significantly enhanced by H2SO4solution treatment and oxidants.

Download Full-text

Co/TiO2 nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and its application for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

10.31224/osf.io/m6d2j ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

azadeh ebrahimian pirbazari ◽

Pejman Monazzam ◽

Behnam Fakhari Kisomi

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Cobalt Doping ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Ft Ir

In this work, TiO2 nanoparticles containing diﬀerent amounts of cobalt were synthesized by sol-gel method using titanium (IV) isopropoxide and cobalt chloride as titanium and cobalt precursors, respectively. X-ray diﬀraction (XRD) results showed prepared samples include 100% anatase phase. The presence of cobalt in TiO2 nanoparticle network was established by XRD, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and N2 physisorption techniques. The increase of cobalt doping enhanced redshif in the diﬀuse reﬂectance spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was tested for degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model of dye. Although the photocatalytic activity of pure TiO2 was found to be higher than that of Co/TiO2 samples under UV irradiation, the presence of 0.24% cobalt dopant in TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in a photocatalyst with the highest activity under visible light

Download Full-text

A Comparison Study of Photocatalytic Activity of Fe3O4/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 on the Degradation of 2, 4-Dichlorophenol

10.31224/osf.io/mrbze ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

narjes esmaeili ◽

azadeh ebrahimian pirbazari ◽

Ziba Khodaee

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Visible Light ◽

Crystal Size ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Organic Pollutant ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Tio2 Anatase ◽

Structure Morphology ◽

Xrd Patterns

In this work, pure TiO2 and binary nanocomposites of Fe3O4/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 were synthesized in order to improve photocatalytic performance of these samples for degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) as an organic pollutant. A range of analytical techniques including XRD, DRS, SEM/EDX, and elemental mapping were employed to reveal the crystal structure, morphology and property of the nanocomposites. XRD data demonstrated that the prepared samples are purely in TiO2 anatase phase and cubic spinel Fe3O4 exist in the synthesized nanocomposite. We calculated the TiO2 crystal size from XRD patterns, in the range of 8.35-11.09 nm. The presence of Ag, Fe, O, and Ti atoms in the synthesized nanocomposites was confirmed by SEM/EDX. We obtained 30.43, 32.02 and 42.40 % degradation of 2, 4-DCP (100 ml 2, 4-DCP 40 ppm and 0.01 g catalyst) for pure TiO2, Fe3O4/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2, respectively, after 180 min of irradiation under visible light. Similar conditions were employed for 2, 4-DCP degradation under UV irradiation, we obtained 53.05, 51.00 and 71.50 % degradation of 2, 4-DCP pure TiO2, Fe3O4/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2, respectively. Thus, the synthesized binary nanocomposites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity compared to pure TiO2 under visible light.

Download Full-text