Racial differences in the correlations between structural parameters and ocular blood flow in healthy eyes

Purpose: This study aimed to assess differences in the relationship between structural parameters and ocular blood flow between persons of African (AD) and European descent (ED) with healthy eyes.Methods: The relationship between structural and ocular blood flow parameters was assessed in 46 participants (20 AD, 26 ED) with healthy eyes. Disc area (DA), rim area (RA), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured. Retrobulbar blood flow was assessed in the ophthalmic (OA), central retinal (CRA), nasal (NPCA) and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries (TPCA). Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) were assessed. Retinal capillary blood flow was also evaluated. Differences between the correlations were determined using the Fisher r-to-z transformation.Results: Significant differences in correlations were observed between the AD and ED groups in the CRA, where PSV and DA were positively correlated in AD (r=0.43) and negatively correlated in ED (r=-0.36) (Δr=0.79; P=0.01). A similar finding was observed for PSV and RA (AD: r=0.39; ED: r=-0.23; Δr=0.62; P=0.04). In the inferior hemifield for ED group only, percentage of avascular space and RNFL thickness were positively correlated (r=0.51, P=0.01) and mean retinal flow and RNFL thickness were negatively correlated (r=-0.50, P=0.01).Conclusion: The relationship between structural parameters and the blood supply to the superficial layer of the retina was significantly different in the healthy eyes of AD compared to ED. More research is required to show how these differences may affect glaucomatous risk.

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Brain Blood Flow

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.74.2.316b ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 316-317

Author(s):

CHARLES R. ROSENFELD

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Velocity Curve ◽

P Value ◽

Brain Blood Flow ◽

Diastolic Velocity ◽

Wave Forms ◽

The Relationship

To the Editor.— Hansen and co-workers1 have taken the time to address a question of considerable import, ie, whether the use of Doppler continuous wave forms provides a means of reflecting changes in brain blood flow when the anterior cerebral artery is used. The question is important because of the conclusions that may result from the use of this technique in clinical research.2 Although Hansen et al report a high correlation and significant P value for the relationship between measurements of blood brain flow and the area under the velocity curve, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity, these are representative of nonlinear relationships as noted by the authors.

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Effects of Sedation with Medetomidine and Dexmedetomidine on Doppler Measurements of Ovarian Artery Blood Flow in Bitches

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 538

Author(s):

Paloma Nicolás-Barceló ◽

Martina Facchin ◽

Fernando Martínez-Taboada ◽

Rafael Barrera ◽

José Ignacio Cristóbal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Good Choice ◽

Excessive Bleeding ◽

Ovarian Artery ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Diastolic Velocity

The aim was to evaluate if medetomidine and dexmedetomidine affected arterial ovarian blood flow in dogs. The dogs were randomly assigned to two different groups. In Group 1, medetomidine (10 µg/kg) was administered intramuscularly and, in Group 2, dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) was used. After a preliminary exam, arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured and a duplex Doppler ultrasonographic examination of both ovarian arteries was performed. Twenty minutes after the administration of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, BP and ovarian Doppler ultrasonography were repeated. High quality tracings of ovarian artery flow velocity were obtained in all dogs and Doppler parameters: Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) and Resistive Index (RI) were measured before and after drug administration in the left (LO) and right (RO) ovaries. PSV and EDV values decreased significantly after drug administration (p < 0.05) compared to the non-sedated values, but no differences were found between the LO and RO (p > 0.05). The RI was not affected by drugs administration in neither of the groups studied (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine causes a decrease in blood flow velocity in the ovarian artery and may be a good choice to avoid excessive bleeding prior surgeries in which ovariectomy.

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Dopplerfluxometria da artéria femoral de cães adultos hígidos (Canis lupus familiaris)

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.87308 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Ivan Felismino Charas Dos Santos ◽

Letícia Rocha Inamassu ◽

Sheila Canevese Rahal ◽

Maria Jaqueline Mamprim ◽

David José De Castro Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Femoral Artery ◽

Pulsatility Index ◽

Normal Values ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Resistivity Index ◽

Diastolic Velocity ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

The Right

Background: In Veterinary Medicine, there are several methods for early and accurate assessment of blood flow dynamics. The Dopplerfluxometry can access the peak systolic velocity, mean velocity and end diastolic velocity, including Resistive Index and Pulsatility Index. Normal values of Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs allow the identification of vascular abnormalities and authors’ knowledge there are no reference regarding the values of Dopplerfluxometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the femoral Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs by Resistive Index, Pulsatility Index, systolic and diastolic velocities, and femoral artery diameter.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen healthy intact beagle dogs, male and female, aging from 2 to 4 years old (mean ± SD: mean 3 ± 0.8 years), weighing from 10.1-17.9 kg [22.3-39.5 lb] [mean ± SD: 14.3 ± 2.7 kg (31.5 ± 5.96 lb)] were used. The dogs underwent to physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry examination urinalysis, and radiographs examination, muscular and cardiac evaluation. Females had to be in anestrous. All dogs were submitted to right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry. The dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency by one person without any chemical restraint. A high definition ultrasound device equipped with a 3 - 13 MHz multi-frequency linear transducer was used. The right femoral artery was identified with the transducer positioned transversely on the right triangle femoral area. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity was measured. The Resistivity Index and Pulsatility Index were calculated automatically by the ultrasound machine software. Three measurements were obtained with the Doppler spectrum. The values of peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, Resistivity Index, Pulsatility Index and femoral artery diameter were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).Discussion: No studies regarding to femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs were found in the literature. These results can be used as normal reference values of Dopplerfluxometric parameters for adult dogs. The literature cited only Dopplerfluxometric values of renal arteries, abdominal aorta and of the internal thoracic artery. The normal values of arterial Dopplerfluxometry is necessary to identify the spectral quantitative characteristics of the blood flow for diagnosis and prognosis of vascular diseases. Authors referred to changes in blood perfusion by Dopplerfluxometry examination, but no changes in B-mode ultrasonography. The femoral Resistivity Index values can be used to correlate the postoperative evolution in dogs submitted to femoral bone, hip and knee surgeries, since Dopplerfluxometry allows blood flow assessment in the femoral region muscles. Changes in the heart rate, blood pressure, stress, exercise, and diseases as hypotension, renal lesion, hepatic diseases, diabetes, hyperadrenocorticism can change the Dopplerfluxometric parameters. All dogs which used in this study were clinically healthy, and were used beagle dogs due to lowest variations within breed. Sedation was avoid due to possible changes in Dopplerfluxometric parameters since the use of sedation or tranquilization in animals is strongly discussed due to possible hemodynamic changes that may occur during the examination. In conclusion, the mean values of the right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry in male and female adult healthy dogs is Resistivity Index (0.887); Pulsatility Index (1.599); peak systolic velocity (124.41 cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (14.12 cm/s), femoral artery diameter (3.9 mm).

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Ocular doppler imaging: opening a new window in decoding glaucoma

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193923 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3417

Author(s):

K. P. S. Senger ◽

A. K. Anand ◽

Ankita Singh ◽

Vivek Sharma ◽

S. Patiyal

Keyword(s):

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Ocular Blood Flow ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Diastolic Velocity ◽

Progression Of Disease ◽

Promising Application ◽

Retinal Artery

Background: In the aetiopathogenesis of multifactorial glaucoma autoregulation of ocular blood flow plays an important role as failure of autoregulation may lead to progression of disease. Aim of this study to understand this better this study was designed to investigate the quantum of these abnormalities and their likely role in pathogenesis and prognosis of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).Methods: This is a case control study design which involved 67 POAG patients and 67 matched controls. The parameters assessed includes peak systolic velocity(PSV), end diastolic velocity(EDV) and resistive index(RI) of ophthalmic artery(OA) and central retinal artery(CRA) of patients having POAG with age and sex matched healthy subjects. The data obtained was statistically analysed using IBM SPSS 21.Results: The study showed decreased PSV of 31.7 cm/s vs 42.7 cm/s(p=0.0001) and EDV11.7 cm/s vs 19.8 cm/s(p=0.002) with increased RI 0.63 vs 0.53(p=0.000) in OA and PSV of 15.2 cm/s vs 21.4 cm/s(p=0.001) and EDV4.7 cm/s vs 11.7 cm/s(p=0.003) with increased RI 0.69 vs 0.45(p=0.000) in CRA in both eyes in POAG patients as compared to healthy controls.Conclusion: The study has shown the promising application of ocular Doppler in evaluating POAG patients. However, more such studies are needed with larger study sample and on follow up basis for better understanding glaucoma hemodynamics and applicability of ocular Doppler in management of glaucoma.

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Abstract 18907: Relationships Between Renal Haemodynamics With Cardiac and Aortic Haemodynamics in the Early Stages of Essential Hypertension

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.18907 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Konstantinos Kintis ◽

Costas Tsioufis ◽

Anastasia Mazaraki ◽

Evaggelia Koutra ◽

Lefki Nikolopoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Renal Haemodynamics ◽

Renal Resistive Index ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diastolic Velocity ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cardiac Haemodynamics

Introduction: The relationship of renal haemodynamics with cardiac and aortic hameodynamics is still unclear. Hypothesis: We evaluated the relationship of increased renal resistive index (RRI) with Augmentation index (AIx) and cardiac haemodynamics by means of mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/Ea) in untreated patients with essential hypertension. Methods: 76 newly diagnosed untreated non diabetic patients with stage I-II essential hypertension [35 males, aged 50 years, office blood pressure (BP) = 143/ 91 mm Hg], underwent ABPM, complete echocardiographic study for determination of E/Ea and blood sampling for assessment of metabolic profile. Moreover, data on renal resistive index (RRI), obtained by Doppler ultrasound sampling of the intrarenal arteries, as well as augmentation index (AIx), were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Based on the mean value of RRI (0.60), hypertensives were classified into those with high and low RRI. Hypertensives with high RRI values compared to those with low values were older (55.6±9.8 vs 44.4±11.6 years, p < 0.001), had lower 24-hour diastolic BP (77.5±7.7 vs 84.3±6.7 mmHg, p < 0.001), lower 24-hour HR (71.2±10.3 vs 76.2±9.2 bpm, p < 0.05), higher levels of AIx (27.2±8.2 vs 17.8±14.8 %, p < 0.01), and higher values of E/Ea (lateral) (7.7±1.8 vs 6.2±2.3, p < 0.05). In the total population, RRI was negatively related to 24-hour diastolic BP (r = -0.523, p < 0.001) and 24-hour HR (r = -0.281, p < 0.05), while it was positively associated with CRP (r = 0.335, p < 0.05), TChol (r = 0.296, p < 0.01), age (r = 0.443, r < 0.001), AIx (r = 0.413, p = 0.001) and E/Ea(lateral) (r = 0.465, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 24-hour diastolic BP and E/Ea (lateral) were independent associated with RRI (R2 = 0.434, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Increased vascular resistance of intrarenal arteries is associated with impaired aortic and cardiac haemodynamics, as reflected by increased AIx and E/Ea (lateral) values. RRI may be considered a useful surrogate of haemodynamics in essential hypertension.

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Feasibility of Ultrafast Doppler technique for cranial ultrasound in neonates

Medical Ultrasonography ◽

10.11152/mu-1901 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 288

Author(s):

Hyun Gi Kim ◽

Jang Hoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Artery ◽

Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽

Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Cranial Ultrasound ◽

Doppler Us ◽

Diastolic Velocity ◽

Cranial Arteries

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the performances of Ultrafast Doppler ultrasound (US) with classic Doppler US, for cranial ultrasound in neonates.Materials and methods: We measured the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in neonates using both conventional and Ultrafast Doppler US and acquisition times were compared. Distal ACA branches were assessed with Ultrafast Doppler US.Results: A total of 138 neonates were included. The PSV and EDV of the cranial arteries were comparable between the two Doppler methods (PSV, 64.6-85.5 cm/s vs. 63.4-84.1 cm/s, p=0.100-0.510; EDV, 19.1-26.5 cm/s vs. 17.8-24.2 cm/s, p=0.100-0.981). The RIs of the ACA and PCA were not significantly different (0.69-0.73 vs 0.68-0.74, p=0.174-0.810). Ultrafast Doppler US required shorter acquisition times than conventional Doppler US (6.7 s vs. 11.0 s, p=0.003). The PSV and EDV of the distal ACA were higher than the proximal ACA (20.1-63.3 cm/s vs. 9.4-36.7, p<0.001) although the RI was similar (0.69 vs. 0.68, p=0.251).Conclusions: Ultrafast Doppler US provides comparable values to conventional Doppler US with shorter acquisition times. This novel imaging technique provides quantitative information and is suitable for distal cranial artery evaluation.

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Estimation of haemodynamic changes in varicocele testis and results after microsurgical sub-inguinal varicocelectomy

Urologia Journal ◽

10.1177/03915603211069013 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 039156032110690

Author(s):

Satyadeo Sharma ◽

Rajendra K Shimpi

Keyword(s):

Semen Analysis ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Semen Parameters ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Sperm Density ◽

Doppler Study ◽

Diastolic Velocity ◽

Before And After ◽

Haemodynamic Changes

Introduction: Varicocele is among the most frequently encountered, surgically correctable causes of male infertility. Since varicocele is a primary abnormality of testicular vessels, a thorough understanding of haemodynamic changes in the microcirculation of varicocele testis is needed. Objectives: To estimate changes in the microcirculation of varicocele testis and correlate them with symptomatic and semen parameters changes before and after varicocelectomy. Material and methods: This prospective, observational study includes 47 patients of age group 18–40 years who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy during June 2016 to April 2018 at a tertiary medical institute. Testicular haemodynamic was evaluated using a colour spectral doppler study (PSV-Peak systolic velocity/ESV-End diastolic velocity/RI-Resistive index/PI-Pulsatility index). Semen analysis parameters and testicular blood flow were compared with pre-operative values. Results: RI in the capsular artery of varicocele affected testis, which was 0.61 ± 0.11 (mean ± SD), significantly reduced to 0.56 ± 0.09 (mean ± SD) in post-operative follow-up, indicating improved perfusion. Pre-operative sperm density was noted to be 15.94 ± 7.88 (mean ± SD), which improved to 28.41 ± 10.99, Progressive sperm motility from 33.81 ± 10.88 to 38.32 ± 9.21 and morphology from 36.13 ± 10.68 to 41.43 ± 9.29 on 6-month follow-ups ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Varicocele testis is associated with altered testicular haemodynamic, which insults spermatogenesis. Microsurgical varicocelectomy with testicular artery and lymphatic preservation leads to correction of this altered haemodynamic state and improves the testicular microcirculation.

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The Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Penile Hemodynamics in Hypogonadal Men With Erectile Dysfunction, Having Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988318754931 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 634-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ozan Efesoy ◽

Selahittin Çayan ◽

Erdem Akbay

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Erectile Function ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Testosterone Replacement ◽

Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Diastolic Velocity ◽

Physiological Serum

Hypogonadism may cause veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD) by structural and biochemical alterations in the cavernosal tissue. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on penile hemodynamics in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction and VOD. The study included 32 hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction, having VOD. All patients underwent penile color Doppler ultrasonography (PCDU) at the beginning and 6 months after the initial evaluation. Erectile function was evaluated with the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5); hypogonadism was evaluated by testosterone measurement and the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale. All patients received transdermal testosterone 50 mg/day for 6 months. Clinical and radiological findings were compared before and 6 months after the TRT. The mean age was 58.81 ± 4.56 (52–69) years. Mean total testosterone levels were 181.06 ± 39.84 ng/dL and 509.00 ± 105.57 ng/dL before and after the therapy, respectively ( p < .001). While all patients had physiological serum testosterone levels (>320 ng/dL) after the therapy, three cases (9.3%) had no clinical improvement of hypogonadism symptoms. Cavernosal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) significantly increased, and end diastolic velocity (EDV) significantly decreased after TRT. VOD no longer existed in 21 (65.6%) of the cases. This study demonstrated that TRT may restore penile hemodynamics in hypogonadal men with VOD.

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298 Effects of parity on late gestational uterine blood flow and hemodynamics in beef cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 137-138

Author(s):

Allison M Meyer ◽

Natalie B Duncan ◽

Katy S Stoecklein ◽

Emma L Stephenson

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pulsatility Index ◽

Uterine Artery ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Artery Blood Flow ◽

Diastolic Velocity

Abstract To determine parity effects on late gestational uteroplacental blood flow, uterine artery hemodynamics were measured in 13 primiparous and 11 multiparous (parity 3 and 4) non-lactating, fall-calving crossbred females beginning 109 d prepartum. Females were nutritionally managed as one group to meet or exceed nutrient requirements. Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography of the both uterine arteries was conducted 3 to 6 times per female across late gestation, ending at approximately 20 d prepartum. Data were analyzed with parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), day prior to calving, and their interaction in the model; day was a repeated effect. Dam BW was greater (P < 0.001) for multiparous than primiparous females, and increased (P = 0.004) as gestation progressed. Calf birth weight was unaffected (P = 0.87) by parity. The parity x day interaction tended to affect (P = 0.06) ipsilateral uterine artery blood flow (L/min), where multiparous cows had a greater increase per day. Total and contralateral uterine artery blood flow were unaffected (P ≥ 0.11) by parity, but increased (P < 0.001) with day of gestation. When expressed relative to dam BW, total and contralateral blood flow were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in primiparous than multiparous females; ipsilateral blood flow was unaffected (P ≥ 0.13) by parity, however. Ipsilateral pulsatility index and both resistance indices were unaffected (P ≥ 0.28) by parity and day, but day tended to affect (P = 0.07) contralateral pulsatility index. Parity did not affect (P ≥ 0.11) cross-sectional area, mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity of either uterine artery, but all increased (P < 0.001) as gestation progressed. Heart rate was greater (P = 0.03) in primiparous than multiparous females. Data suggest that uterine artery blood flow and heart rate may be altered in primiparous females, even when birth weight is unaffected by parity.

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Effect of inguinal hernia on the thickness and blood flow of spermatic cord in boys

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.1136/wjps-2018-000030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. e000030

Author(s):

Shoujiang Huang ◽

Canping Li ◽

Xiuzhen Yang ◽

Jianfeng Liang ◽

Dongpi Wang

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Spermatic Cord ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Control Group ◽

Pampiniform Plexus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of inguinal hernia (IH) on the spermatic cord using spermatic cord ultrasonography (SCU).MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2017, boys with IH who received SCU at the start of open herniorrhaphy (OH) were enrolled in this study. The age and weight at SCU, width of the spermatic cord (SC-W), peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the spermatic artery (SA-PSV) and velocity in the pampiniform plexus (PP-V), and the interval between the initial and the second OH in boys with metachronous inguinal hernia (MIH) were recorded, and the relationship among them was studied. Boys with unilateral IH comprised the IH group, and boys with MIH comprised the MIH group. Boys with polydactylism served as the control. One-way analysis of variance tested the differences among groups. Spearman’s r tested the relationship between SC-W in the MIH group and the interval.ResultsA total of 80 boys were enrolled in this study (IH group 29, MIH group 26, and control group 25). SA-PSV and PP-V in the hernia side were faster and slower than the control, respectively. There was no significant difference in PP-V and SA-PSV of the treated side in the MIH group and in the control group. After herniorrhaphy, SC-W was tapered down to normal size. SC-W, SA-PSV, and PP-V in the treated side were all highly correlated to the interval in a curvilinear manner.ConclusionPSV was positively correlated with SC-W in boys with IH, and PP-V was negatively correlated; herniorrhaphy could reverse the impairment.

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