scholarly journals REFORMS IN THE COMMUNICATIONS MONITORING SYSTEM AS A PRECONDITION FOR EFFECTIVE HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1509-1514
Author(s):  
Biljana Karovska-Andonovska ◽  
Zoran Jovanovski
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

The reforms in the communications monitoring system as part of the wider reform of the security services in the Republic of Macedonia, resulted with creation of a package of several laws whose adoption was supposed to provide the legislative basis for a system that would really work in accordance with the goals for which it was established. The communications monitoring system should provide a balanced protection of the right to security, on the one hand, and the right to privacy, on the other. Only on that way a priori primacy of the right to security over the right to privacy will it be disabled. Hence, the reforms in communications monitoring system are a precondition for the effective protection, primarily for the right to privacy and the secrecy of communications, but also for the right to personal data protection, the inviolability of the home as well as for the right to presumption of innocence. It is a complex and delicate matter where opening of a real debate through which the present deficiencies will be perceived in order to create an appropriate legal solutions was very important. However, the new Law on Interception of Communications as the most important in this area, retained a certain part of the provisions that were debatable in the previous legal solutions. The provisions regarding the model for interception of communications, which stipulates the establishment of a separate agency that mediates between the operators and the authorized bodies for interception of communications, were questionable as well. Also, new measures for monitoring communications in the interest of security and defense, as well as the provisions which regulate the disposition and delivery of metadata for security and defense, are also debatable. On the other side, the reform laws made an evident progress in a positive sense through the provisions for oversight and control over the interception of communications. With these changes, certain debatable elements have been overcome, especially those that have hindered it so far, and in some cases completely paralyzed the oversight and control over the monitoring of communications. In this paper we analyzed the debatable elements in the reform package of laws on interception of communications as well as some positive aspects contained in the provisions of the reform laws.

scholarly journals Personas datu aizsardzības mērķis un tiesiskā regulējuma vēsturiskā attīstība

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Agnese Reine-Vītiņa
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Mūsdienās tiesības uz privāto dzīvi nepieciešamas ikvienā demokrātiskā sabiedrībā, un šo tiesību iekļaušana konstitūcijā juridiski garantē fiziskas personas rīcības brīvību un vienlaikus arī citu – valsts pamatlikumā noteikto – cilvēka tiesību īstenošanu [5]. Personas datu aizsardzības institūts tika izveidots, izpratnes par tiesību uz personas privātās dzīves neaizskaramību saturu paplašinot 20. gadsimta 70. gados, kad vairāku Eiropas valstu valdības uzsāka informācijas apstrādes projektus, piemēram, tautas skaitīšanu u. c. Informācijas tehnoloģiju attīstība ļāva arvien vairāk informācijas par personām glabāt un apstrādāt elektroniski. Viena no tiesību problēmām bija informācijas vākšana par fizisku personu un tiesību uz privātās dzīves neaizskaramību ievērošana. Lai nodrošinātu privātās dzīves aizsardzību, atsevišķas Eiropas valstis pēc savas iniciatīvas pieņēma likumus par datu aizsardzību. Pirmie likumi par personas datu aizsardzību Eiropā tika pieņemti Vācijas Federatīvajā Republikā, tad Zviedrijā (1973), Norvēģijā (1978) un citur [8, 10]. Ne visas valstis pieņēma likumus par datu aizsardzību vienlaikus, tāpēc Eiropas Padome nolēma izstrādāt konvenciju, lai unificētu datu aizsardzības noteikumus un principus. Nowadays, the right to privacy is indispensable in every democratic society and inclusion of such rights in the constitution, guarantees legally freedom of action of a natural person and, simultaneously, implementation of other human rights established in the fundamental law of the state. The institute of personal data protection was established by expanding the understanding of the content of the right to privacy in the 70’s of the 19th century, when the government of several European countries initiated information processing projects, such as population census etc. For the development of information technology, more and more information on persons was kept and processed in electronic form. One of the legal problems was gathering of information on natural persons and the right to privacy. In order to ensure the protection of privacy, separate European countries, on their own initiative, established a law on data protection. The first laws on the protection of personal data in Europe were established in the Federal Republic of Germany, then in Sweden (1973), Norway (1978) and elsewhere. Not all countries adopted laws on data protection at the same time, so the Council of Europe decided to elaborate a convention to unify data protection rules and principles.

scholarly journals Uchybienie przepisom o ochronie danych osobowych jako naruszenie dobra osobistego – analiza na przykładzie orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-259
Author(s):  
Bernard Łukanko
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Personal Interests

The study is concerned with the issue of mutual relationship between the failure to comply with the laws on personal data protection and regulations relating to the protection of personal interests, including in particular the right to privacy. The article presents the views held by the Supreme Court with respect to the possibility of considering acts infringing upon the provisions of the Personal Data Protection Act of 1997 (after 24 May 2018) and of the General Data Protection Regulation (after 25 May 2018) as violation of personal interests, such as the right to privacy. The author shared the view of the case law stating that, if in specifc circumstances the processing of personal data violates the right to privacy, the party concerned may seek remedy on the grounds of Articles 23 and 24 of the Polish Civil Code. This position isalso relevant after the entry into force of the GDPR which, in a comprehensive and exhaustive manner, directly applicable in all Member States, regulates the issue of liability under civil law for infringements of the provisions of the Regulation, however, according to the position expressed in professional literature, it does not exclude the concurrence of claims and violation of the provisions on the protection of personal interests caused by a specifc event. In case of improper processing of personal data, the remedies available under domestic law on the protection of personal interests may be of particular importance outside the subject matter scope of the GDPR applicability. 

DIGITAL RIGHTS — NEW GENERATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-167
Author(s):  
NATALIA V. VARLAMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Digital Rights ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
The Right

Among the digital rights, besides the right for internet access that was the subject of consideration in the first part of the article, there are also a right to per-so nal data protection and a right to be forgotten (right to erasure).The right to personal data protection is usually enshrined at the supranational and national levels and is protected by the courts as an aspect of the right to privacy. As an independent fundamental right of a constitutional nature the right to personal data protection is enshrined in EU law. Nevertheless, all attempts to doctrinally justify the existence of certain aspects of this right, beyond the claims to the right to privacy, can not be considered successful. The Court of Justice of the EU, while dealing with the relevant cases in order to determine whether certain methods of processing personal data are legitimate, also refers to the right to privacy, considering these rights to be closely interrelated. The right to personal data protection provides additional (including procedural) guarantees of respect for privacy, human dignity and some other rights, but the purpose of these guarantees is precisely the content of the providing rights. The right to be forgotten (right to erasure) is one of the positive obligations with regard to the personal data protection. This right implies correction, deletion or termination of the processing of personal data at the request of their subject in the presence of a reason for this (when the relevant actions are carried out in violation of the principles of data processing or provisions of the legislation). Analogs of this right are the Latin American orders of habeas data, as well as the right of a person to demand the refutation of information discrediting his honor, dignity and business reputation, in case of their inconsistency with reality under civil law and the legislation on mass media. In digital age the importance of this right is increased by the fact that information posted on the Internet remains easily accessible for an indefinite, almost unlimited, time.This caused the extension of the right to be forgotten to information that is consistent to reality, but has lost its relevance and significance, however, continues to have an adverse impact on the reputation of the person concerned. At the same time, the realization of the right to be forgotten in respect of information posted online is connected with a number of technical problems that require legal solutions.In general, digitalization does not create new human rights of a fundamentally different legal nature. It only actualizes or smooths certain aspects of long-recognized rights, transfers their operation into the virtual space, creates new opportunities for their realization and generates new threats to them. Ensuring human rights in modern conditions involves the search for adequate legal solutions, taking into account the opportunities and limitations generated by digital technologies.

scholarly journals The Right to Privacy and Data Protection in the Information Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 1576-1589
Author(s):  
Tigran D. Oganesian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
User Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Surveillance

The article considers the legality of mass surveillance and protection of personal data in the context of the international human rights law and the right to respect for private life. Special attention is paid to the protection of data on the Internet, where the personal data of billions of people are stored. The author emphasizes that mass surveillance and technology that allows the storage and processing of the data of millions of people pose a serious threat to the right to privacy guaranteed by Article 8 of the ECHR of 1950. Few companies comply with the human rights principles in their operations by providing user data in response to requests from public services. In this regard, States must prove that any interference with the personal integrity of an individual is necessary and proportionate to address a particular security threat. Mandatory data storage, where telephone companies and Internet service providers are required to store metadata about their users’ communications for subsequent access by the law enforcement and intelligence agencies, is neither necessary nor proportionate. The author analyses the legislation of some countries in the field of personal data protection, as well as examples from practice. Practice in many States is evidence of the lack of adequate national legislation and enforcement, weak procedural safeguards and ineffective oversight, which contributes to widespread impunity for arbitrary or unlawful interference with the right to privacy. In conclusion, we propose a number of measures aimed at improving the level of personal data protection in accordance with the international standards. In order to provide guarantees and a minimum level of adequate data protection in the face of new challenges to human rights in an ever-changing digital environment, the author proposes to solve a number of pressing issues. Firstly, States should not have the right to ask companies for and have absolute access to user data without a court order. Secondly, the process of sending a request and receiving data from a telecommunications company should be regulated in detail and transparent. The availability of specialized judges with technical expertise shall be valuable

AN UPDATE ON THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN AS A PRINCIPLE OF PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
MARIJANA MLADENOV ◽  
JELENA STOJŠIĆ DABETIĆ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
The Right

Should we consider the right to be forgotten as a threat to free speech or the mechanism of the right to privacy? This most controversial element of the right to privacy and personal data protection caused the global debate on privacy and freedom of speech. Despite the fact that the right to be forgotten is codified in Article 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation and that fundamental postulates of this right were defined in Google v. Spain, there still remain unresolved issues. In order to gain a clear idea of the content of the right to be forgotten, as the principle of data protection in accordance with the latest European perspective, the subject matter of the paper refers to analyses of the developments of this right in the light of relevant regulations, as well as of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The article firstly provides an overview of the concept of the right to be forgotten, from the very early proposals that gave rise to it, to the latest ones contained in recent regulations. Furthermore, the special attention is devoted to the new standards of the concept of the right to be forgotten from the aspect of recent rulings of the CJEU, GC et al v. CNIL and CNIL v. Google. Within the concluding remarks, the authors highlight the need for theoretical innovation and an adequate legal framework of the right to be forgotten in order to fit this right within the sociotechnical legal culture. The goal of the article is to provide insight regarding the implementation of the right to be forgotten in the European Union and to identify the main challenges with respect to the issue.

scholarly journals Rekonsepsi Lembaga Pengawas terkait Perlindungan Data Pribadi oleh Korporasi sebagai Penegakan Hak Privasi berdasarkan Konstitusi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imas Novita Juaningsih ◽  
Rayhan Naufaldi Hidayat ◽  
Kiki Nur Aisyah ◽  
Dzakwan Nurirfan Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe right to privacy is a personal right of every individual which must be protected by the state in accordance with the mandate of the constitution. Along with the development of information and communication technology, the discourse regarding the right to privacy has come under the spotlight again given the high intensity of personal data utilization, especially by corporations in the digital business era. This research will further analyze the use of consumer personal data by corporations from a legal perspective. The research method used is library research through a statute approach. The results of this study indicate that there is still obesity in regulations related to personal data protection in Indonesia, where the total reaches 30 regulations in various sectors. Moreover, this reality is exacerbated by the inadequacy of the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Kominfo) in conducting surveillance and investigations related to personal data protection. The result of all of this is the creation of legal loopholes that are often exploited to carry out crimes in the form of hacking and theft of personal data that harm consumers and the wider community. Therefore, there is a need for legal reform accompanied by a reconception of supervisory agencies regarding the protection of personal data as an integral part of upholding privacy rights in an era of constitutional disruption. Keywords: Personal Data Protection, Privacy Rights, Corporation, Constitution. AbstrakHak privasi merupakan hak pribadi setiap individu yang wajib dilindungi oleh negara sesuai dengan amanat konstitusi. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, diskursus perihal hak privasi kembali mendapat sorotan mengingat tingginya intensitas pemanfaatan data pribadi, terutama oleh korporasi di era bisnis digital. Penelitian kali ini akan menganalisa lebih jauh terkait penggunaan data pribadi konsumen oleh korporasi dari perspektif hukumnya. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih terjadinya obesitas regulasi terkait perlindungan data pribadi Di Indonesia, dimana totalnya mencapai 30 Undang-Undang di berbagai sektor. Terlebih, realita tersebut semakin diperburuk dengan tidak optimalnya Kementrian Komunikasi dan Informatika (Kominfo) dalam melakukan pengawasan dan investigasi terkait perlindungan data pribadi. Akibat dari semua itu ialah terciptanya celah hukum yang kerap kali dieksploitasi untuk melancarkan kejahatan berupa peretasan dan pencurian data pribadi yang merugikan konsumen serta masyarakat dalam cakupan yang lebih luas. Oleh karena itu, diperlukannya reformasi hukum yang diiringi dengan rekonsepsi lembaga pengawas terkait perlindungan data pribadi sebagai bagian integral dari penegakan hak privasi di era disrupsi berdasarkan konstitusi. Kata kunci: Perlindungan Data Pribadi, Hak Privasi, Korporasi, Konstitusi. 

scholarly journals Pravo na privatnost i zaštitu osobnih podataka u knjižnicama: perspektive i dokumenti

Bosniaca ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Anita Konjicija-Kovač
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Library Associations ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
The Right

Privatnost kao pravni koncept nezaobilazan je dio modernog demokratskog društva i prepoznato je kao jedno od temeljnih ljudskih prava svakog građanina. Pravo na privatnost i zaštitu osobnih podataka zajamčeni su međunarodnim dokumentima o ljudskim pravima. U knjižničarskoj se djelatnosti pravo na privatnost i zaštitu osobnih podataka također garantira u dokumentima međunarodnih knjižničarskih udruženja u kojima se jasno naglašava da su knjižničari u svom radu obvezni da štite privatnost i osobne podatke svojih korisnika. Privatnost i osobne podatke je danas sve teže zaštititi, jer je pristup podacima jednostavniji i lakši zbog korištenja različitih i novih informacionih tehnologija, elektronskog komuniciranja, društvenih mreža, elektronskih baza podataka itd. Osobna se prava garantiraju međunarodnim dokumentima o zaštiti osobnih podataka, a štite se nacionalnim zakonima o zaštiti osobnih podataka. Glavni ciljevi rada su: problematizirati definiranje pojma privatnosti iz nekoliko perspektiva; problematizirati značaj prava na privatnost i zaštitu osobnih podataka u kontekstu knjižničarske profesije; dati pregled značajnijih međunarodnih dokumenata u području ljudskih prava u kojima se garantira i pravo na privatnost i zaštitu osobnih podataka; načiniti osvrt na značajnije međunarodne dokumente kojima se garantira pravo na zaštitu i tajnost osobnih podataka; i na kraju rad će dati pregled dokumenata međunarodnih knjižničarskih udruženja koji u svojim tekstovima ukazuju na značaj privatnosti i zaštite osobnih podataka u knjižničnoj djelatnosti.------------------------------------------------------------Right to privacy and protection of personal data in libraries: perspectives and documentsPrivacy as a legal concept is an unavoidable part of a modern democratic society and is recognized as one of the fundamental human rights of every citizen. The right to privacy and the protection of personal data are guaranteed by international human rights documents. In librarianship, the right to privacy and protection of personal data is also guaranteed in the documents of international library associations, which clearly emphasize that librarians are obliged in their work to protect the privacy and personal data of their users. Privacy and personal data are increasingly difficult to protect today, as access to data is simpler and easier due to the use of different and new information technologies, electronic communication, social networks, electronic databases, etc. Personal rights are guaranteed by international documents on protection of personal data and protected by national personal data protection laws. The main objectives of the paper are: to problematize the definition of the concept of privacy from several perspectives; problematize the importance of the right to privacy and protection of personal data in the context of the library profession; provide an overview of significant international documents in the field of human rights which also guarantee the right to privacy and protection of personal data; make a review of important international documents guaranteeing the right to protection and confidentiality of personal data; and finally, the paper will provide an overview of documents of international library associations that in their texts indicate the importance of privacy and protection of personal data in the library business.

scholarly journals Personal data protection from the Criminal Law perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-378
Author(s):  
Miloš Sekulić ◽  
Gordan Grujić
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The Right

The right to privacy is one of the fundamental human rights that serves to realize a man as a social being and protect the private spheres of their life. Even though this right can be looked at in different ways, due to the modern development of information and communication technologies, it is largely related to personal data and their availability to other persons. In that sense, the right to privacy is also protected via personal data protection. The basis for such protections in Serbian law has already been implemented in the Constitution of Serbia, and by adopting a new Personal Data Protection Law, the legislator has shown their determination to intensify and expand that protection. As it relates to criminal justice protection, a separate criminal offence of unauthorized collection of personal data is prescribed in Article 146 of the Criminal Code. The authors of this scientific paper will try to expose the threat to the right to privacy and personal data, and to give a clearer picture of how criminal justice protection of these values is realized in the Serbian law by presenting the elements of the aforementioned crime.

scholarly journals OCHRONA DANYCH OSOBOWYCH JAKO ELEMENT PRAWA DO PRYWATNOŚCI

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Paweł Sobczyk
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

Personal Data Protection as Part of the Right to PrivacySummaryThe issues related to the right to privacy and personal data protection are a new important area for the constitutional studies in Poland. Their emergence owes much to the development of information technology and the adjustment of Polish law, including constitutional law, to international standards. Under the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997, personal protection is seen as part of the right to privacy. The following issues have become the subject of the academic research: the constitutionalization of personal data protection, constitutional rights of identifiable persons, the relation of personal data and the right to privacy, the democratic state under the rule of law as the guarantor of the right to privacy and personal data protection, as well as human dignity as the basis of this right.

scholarly journals Privacy and the concept of generations of human rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Taras Sofiiuk
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
The Right

The article studies the approaches to the concept of the «private sphere» of human life that are present in legal thought. Attentionhas been paid to the principles on the basis of which the human rights and freedoms in interstate relations are protected. The circumstancesthat are important for finding the optimal correlation between the human right to personal data protection and the right to informationare considered. The theoretical approaches to the concept of «three generations» of human rights that are present in legal thoughtare studied. The description of different generations of human rights is given. The discussions on the third generation of human rightswhich are ongoing and show that the list of human rights is not permanent and can be extended are considered. The consideration isgiven to the need to ensure human rights in the information society. Attention is paid to the issue of distinctive features of the «personalrights» category. It is indicated that personal rights are usually attributed to the so-called first generation of rights (in accordance withthe historical stages of affirmation of rights). The circumstances under which the right to respect for privacy arose are clarified. Thephenomenons that form the basis of the right to privacy of personal information and of the awareness of the concept of the «privatesphere» of human life are highlighted. The emergence of the right to respect for privacy as a broader category, which later became thebasis for the development of an independent legal institution of personal data is considered. The history of judicial approbation of thefirst concept of the right to privacy in the United States is reflected. The problematic aspects of legal formation of the right to privacyare considered. The position that is present in legal thought according to which it is advisable to divide the general problem of protectinghuman privacy into sectors that require separate legislative regulation is studied. It is stated that the «personal rights» category meansthat the subject has such acts that ensure his or her autonomy, priority of internal, individual guidelines. The measures that can help tosolve the problems related to finding an optimal correlation between the human right to personal data protection and the right to informationare proposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document