scholarly journals China and the United States: Different economic models but similarly low levels of socioeconomic mobility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy van der Weide ◽  
Ambar Narayan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
Low Levels

scholarly journals Household COVID-19 risk and in-person schooling

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabh2939
Author(s):  
Justin Lessler ◽  
M. Kate Grabowski ◽  
Kyra H. Grantz ◽  
Elena Badillo-Goicoechea ◽  
C. Jessica E. Metcalf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Office Work ◽  
School Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
Low Levels

In-person schooling has proved contentious and difficult to study throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data from a massive online survey in the United States indicates an increased risk of COVID-19-related outcomes among respondents living with a child attending school in-person. School-based mitigation measures are associated with significant reductions in risk, particularly daily symptoms screens, teacher masking, and closure of extra-curricular activities. A positive association between in-person schooling and COVID-19 outcomes persists at low levels of mitigation, but when seven or more mitigation measures are reported, a significant relationship is no longer observed. Among teachers, working outside the home was associated with an increase in COVID-19-related outcomes, but this association is similar to other occupations (e.g., healthcare, office work). While in-person schooling is associated with household COVID-19 risk, this risk can likely be controlled with properly implemented school-based mitigation measures.

The United States Congress and Africanist Scholars

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
David S. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
United States Congress ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The U.S

Linking scholars to the Congress is difficult primarily because of the weakness of Congressional interest in Africa, but also due to the low levels of interest among academics in both Congress and its Africa foreign policy and the poor resources of African studies in the U.S. to build a foundation of knowledge useful to the Congress.

Identifying Current Driver Rehabilitation Practices for Clients With Physical Impairments

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512515346p1-7512515346p1
Author(s):  
W. Ben Mortenson ◽  
Brittany Langereis ◽  
Sarah Semeniuk ◽  
Lisa Kristalovich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. Currently, there is a lack of clinical guidelines to support clinicians working in driver rehabilitation. This study aimed to identify intervention practices and factors that influence driver rehabilitation recommendations by surveying driver rehabilitation specialists practicing across the United States and Canada. Results revealed both consistencies and inconsistencies in practice, which may be related to jurisdictional differences and relatively low levels of evidence in this area. Primary Author and Speaker: W. Ben Mortenson Contributing Authors: Brittany Langereis, Sarah Semeniuk, and Lisa Kristalovich

Is Social Anxiety Making Us Depressed?: A Social Evolutionary Hypothesis for Why SSRIs Work

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Chemical Imbalance ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Developed World

In the developed world, the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has skyrocketed since 1988, when Prozac was first released in the United States. Biomedical psychiatry’s explanation for their success is an unsubstantiated hypothesis that claims SSRIs treat a chemical imbalance in people who suffer from low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Using social evolutionary theory, this article provides an alternative hypothesis for why SSRIs work for some people. SSRIs’ success is attributed to their capacity to adapt people to the increased status anxiety occurring in developed nations grappling with the effects of unprecedented global competition. Biomedical psychiatry is depicted as adjusting patients to prevailing social norms rather than contributing to mental health.

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonglycosylated Erythrocyte Binding Antigen 175 Region II Malaria Vaccine in Healthy Adults Living in an Area Where Malaria Is Not Endemic

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. El Sahly ◽  
S. M. Patel ◽  
R. L. Atmar ◽  
T. A. Lanford ◽  
T. Dube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
Aluminum Phosphate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Erythrocyte Binding ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Region Ii

ABSTRACT Erythrocyte binding antigen region II (EBA-175) is a conserved antigen of Plasmodium falciparum that is involved in binding of the parasite to the host's erythrocytes. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant EBA-175 vaccine with aluminum phosphate adjuvant in healthy young adults living in the United States. Eighteen subjects/group received ascending doses (5, 20, 80, or 160 μg) of the vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months; 8 subjects received placebo. Most of the injection site and systemic reactions were mild to moderate in intensity. After 2 or 3 doses of the vaccine at any concentration, antibody levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were significantly higher than those for the placebo group. Sera from subjects who received 3 doses of the vaccine at any concentration inhibited the growth of erythrocyte-stage P. falciparum at low levels compared to sera from placebo recipients or preimmune sera. In conclusion, the EBA-175 vaccine with adjuvant was safe and immunogenic in malaria-naïve subjects.

scholarly journals CAMPAIGN FINANCE IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE: A NESTED ANALYSIS APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-250
Author(s):  
Ranulfo Paranhos ◽  
Dalson Filho ◽  
Enivaldo Rocha ◽  
José Alexandre Júnior
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Campaign Contributions ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Standardized Measure ◽  
Nested Analysis ◽  
Nested Approach ◽  
Unites States

This paper analyzes campaign finance in a comparative perspective, giving special attention to Brazil and the Unites States. The focus regards the level of regulation on the sources of campaign contributions. Methodologically, the research design adopts a nested approach, combining descriptive and multivariate statistics with deep case studies and documental analysis. Additionally, we replicate data from the Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) to estimate a standardized measure of regulation. The results suggest that most countries show low levels of control over the sources of campaign contributions. However, both Brazil and the United States display high levels of regulation on campaign finance, despite their widely different institutional designs. 

scholarly journals China and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-283
Author(s):  
Roy van der Weide ◽  
Ambar Narayan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Us

The United States and China are the world’s largest economies. Together they are responsible for about one-third of the world’s economic output. This chapter aims to examine whether the two economic giants are also lands of opportunity where resources are allocated in a way that minimizes unrealized human potential. Our analysis shows that despite stark differences in their levels of development, the US and China report remarkably similar levels of socioeconomic mobility—levels considered low by international standards. The US’s level of mobility has historically been low. Before it embarked on its transition from planned to market economy, socioeconomic mobility was relatively high in China. However, as it underwent a period of rapid economic growth, China’s socioeconomic mobility declined significantly. The chapter concludes that the world’s two major economic powers have converged to a low level of socioeconomic mobility where talent from disadvantaged backgrounds is excluded.

Labour informality may increase in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surplus Labour ◽  
Low Levels

Subject The informal sector in Latin America. Significance The scale of informality in Latin American labour markets is widely seen as the main reason for the region's low levels of labour productivity; consequently, policymakers seek ways to induce a transfer of labour towards the formal sector where, in addition, workers come within the tax net. However, in spite of a decade of growth in the region, levels of informality have remained stubbornly high. Impacts A reduction in informality could increase the number of taxpayers and thus revenues. Tighter migration policies in the United States could limit options for surplus labour to relocate elsewhere. Lower birth rates will slow the number of new entrants into the labour market overall.

scholarly journals The Earnings Disadvantage of 21st Century Immigrants in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Fahad Gill ◽  
Waseem Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Low Levels

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the earnings disadvantage of 21st century immigrants in the United States. The study is the first to decompose the earnings disadvantage faced by recent immigrants to present the channels through which immigrants lag behind their native counterparts. The decomposition of the earnings disadvantage reveals that the time spent in the United States is the key determinant of the earnings disadvantage. Other important sources of the earnings disadvantage of immigrants are the levels of English-language proficiency and educational attainment. The decomposition analysis also suggests that low levels of human capital cause an even larger disadvantage for immigrants in the years following the 2008-2009 recession as compared with the corresponding relative returns of the prerecession period. The decomposition analysis and trends in returns to human capital variables highlight the merits of a selective immigration system that favors young, English-speaking, and highly educated individuals. JEL Classifications: J1, J3, J6

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