scholarly journals RESISTANCE OF Capsicum annuum GENOTYPES TO Bemisia tabaci AND INFLUENCE OF PLANT LEAF TRAITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Luis A. Hernández-Alvarado ◽  
Esaú Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Luis Latournerie-Moreno ◽  
René Garruña-Hernández ◽  
Daniel González-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Resistance Response

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most damaging pests of Capsicum annuum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) worldwide. The large genetic diversity of landrace genotypes of C. annuum in several regions of America offers an excellent opportunity to study the factors involved in the resistance response to B. tabaci. This study was carried out to evaluate the oviposition preference and nymphal mortality of B. tabaci in landrace genotypes of C. annuum and to determine whether the physical or chemical characteristics of the leaves influence this response. Oviposition preference varied among genotypes. Low oviposition preference and high nymphal mortality were observed in genotypes Amaxito and Simojovel. Oviposition preference and nymphal mortality showed no significant correlation with leaf size, leaf hardness or trichome density. The chemical composition analyses of leaves of four genotypes with differential response on nymphal mortality showed significant differences in the foliar content of N, phenol, and total flavonoids, but there was no clear trend in the association between the nymphal mortality and chemical composition of leaves.

Oviposition of a leaf-miner on Erythroxylum tortuosum (Erythroxylaceae) leaves: hierarchical variation of physical leaf traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. De Sibio ◽  
M. N. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Resolution Level

Plants do not offer homogeneous supplies of the resources required by herbivorous insects as many resource traits show considerable variation both within and between plants. The distribution of variation among host-plant attributes determines the optimal spatial resolution level for insect females to select the best resource patches for oviposition. In this study, we examine whether variation in fluctuating asymmetry and size of Erythroxylum tortuosum Mart. (Erythroxylaceae) leaves influence oviposition of the specialist leaf-miner Agnippe Chambers (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). By partitioning the variance across five hierarchical levels, the oviposition pattern was investigated at the spatial resolution level where these leaf traits varied the most. We confirm that the largest variation in both these leaf attributes occurs at the leaf level. We hypothesise that leaf-miner females will respond to this variation by selecting the best leaves (resources) on which to lay their eggs. We find that the probability of oviposition is not significantly related to fluctuating asymmetry or to leaf size (oviposition preference test), suggesting that these two physical traits are not relevant to leaf-miners as indicators of resource patch quality. Therefore, although we show that females laid significantly more eggs on larger leaves, this behaviour appears not to be a result of active selection of leaves. Our results suggest that Agnippe females probably adjust their oviposition proportionally to leaf area because the relationship between egg density and leaf area was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Cuticular Waxes and Pigments and Morphology of Leaves of Quercus suber Trees of Different Provenance

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Rita Simões ◽  
Ana Rodrigues ◽  
Suzana Ferreira-Dias ◽  
Isabel Miranda ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Dark Green

The chemical composition of cuticular waxes and pigments and the morphological features of cork oak (Quercus suber) leaves were determined for six samples with seeds of different geographical origins covering the natural distribution of the species. The leaves of all samples exhibited a hard texture and oval shape with a dark green colour on the hairless adaxial surface, while the abaxial surface was lighter, with numerous stomata and densely covered with trichomes in the form of stellate multicellular hairs. The results suggest an adaptive role of leaf features among samples of different provenance and the potential role of such variability in dealing with varying temperatures and rainfall regimes through local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, as was seen in the trial site, since no significant differences in leaf traits among the various specimens were found, for example, specific leaf area 55.6–67.8 cm2/g, leaf size 4.6–6.8 cm2 and photosynthetic pigment (total chlorophyll, 31.8–40.4 µg/cm2). The leaves showed a substantial cuticular wax layer (154.3–235.1 µg/cm2) composed predominantly of triterpenes and aliphatic compounds (61–72% and 17–23% of the identified compounds, respectively) that contributed to forming a nearly impermeable membrane that helps the plant cope with drought conditions. These characteristics are related to the species and did not differ among trees of different seed origin. The major identified compound was lupeol, indicating that cork oak leaves may be considered as a potential source of this bioactive compound.

scholarly journals Histological Characterization of Resistance to Different Root-Knot Nematode Species Related to Phenolics Accumulation in Capsicum annuum

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pegard ◽  
G. Brizzard ◽  
A. Fazari ◽  
O. Soucaze ◽  
P. Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Chromatography Analysis

In the pepper Capsicum annuum CM334, which is used by breeders as a source of resistance to Phytophthora spp. and potyviruses, a resistance gene entirely suppresses reproduction of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). The current study compared the histological responses of this resistant line and a susceptible cultivar to infection with the three most damaging root-knot nematodes: M. arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. Resistance of CM334 to root-knot nematodes was associated with unidentified factors that limited nematode penetration and with post-penetration biochemical responses, including the hypersensitive response, which apparently blocked nematode migration and thereby prevented juvenile development and reproduction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested that phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid, may be involved in CM334 resistance. The response to infection in the resistant line varied with root-knot nematode species and was correlated with nematode behavior and pathogenicity in the susceptible cultivar: nematode species that quickly reached the vascular cylinder and initiated feeding sites in the susceptible cultivar were quickly recognized in CM334 and stopped in the epidermis or cortex. After comparing our data with those from other resistant pepper lines, we suggest that timing of the resistance response and the mechanism of resistance vary with plant genotype, resistance gene, and root-knot nematode species.

Leaf traits influencing oviposition preference and larval performance ofCameraria ohridellaon native and novel host plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla D'Costa ◽  
Monique S.J. Simmonds ◽  
Nigel Straw ◽  
Bastien Castagneyrol ◽  
Julia Koricheva
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Novel Host

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF SOME GALACTOPOIETICS HERBS USED IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Chandra Iwansyah ◽  
Rizal M. Damanik ◽  
Lilik Kustiyah ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phenolics Content

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this research were to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity; phenolics and flavonoids contents; and chemical composition of some galactopoietic herbs used in Indonesia and to find a possible relationship between antioxidant activity; phenolics, flavonoids and chemical composition of these plants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A wide range of analytical parameters was studied, including yield; pH; water activity (a<sub>w</sub>); total color difference; phenolics and flavonoids content; moisture; ash; protein; fat; carbohydrate; fiber; calcium; zinc; magnesium; potassium; iron content; and the data were analyzed by partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the correlation between the parameters and classification of the plants. Folin–cioceltaeu assay, aluminum chloride assay and DPPH scavenging assay were used to evaluate of total phenolics content and free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract of galactopoietic herbs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All of the galactagogue herbs, <em>viz</em>. <em>Plectranthus amboinicus </em>(Lour.) (PA), <em>Sauropus androgynus</em> (SA), <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (MO), and <em>Carica papaya</em> leaves (CP) exhibited good results of TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity. MO contained the highest average of total phenolics content (53.89 mg GAE/g). SA with a ratio of total flavonoids to total phenolics (TF/TP) which is 1.59 contained the highest average of total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub>), 43.63 mg QE/g and 126.13 μg/ml, respectively, followed by MO&gt;CA&gt;PA. Based on PLS and PCA analysis, antioxidant activity correlated with fat, protein, phenolics content, flavonoids content and pH, but only the total flavonoids content correlated strongly with antioxidant activity.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This provides useful data about the studied relationships and chemical patterns in some galactopoietic herbs used and provides a helpful tool for understanding much more about the interpretation of results from the experiments and the mechanism of biosynthesis in plants.</p>

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Rosa x damascena Herrm. Georgian cultivar

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-010
Author(s):  
Nino Aleksidze ◽  
Ketevan Mchedlidze ◽  
Malkhaz Getia ◽  
Karen Mulkijanyan ◽  
Michel Frédérich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Rose Oil ◽  
Biological Potency ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
The Rose

Rosa x damascena Herrm. represents one of the most popular and important plants of the Rosaceae family. For ages, rose oil, rose water and extracts from its flowers were used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, and medicine due to diverse pharmacological efficacy. Nowadays, special attention is paid to the valorization of wastes from the rose oil industry in order to fully recover potent biologically active compounds. The present study describes in detail the microstructural features of the flower petals and provides data on chemical composition and biological potency of the aqueous extract of rose oil waste from the R. damascena Georgian cultivar. Up to 25 constituents were detected by HPLC-MS in the extract, and the content of total flavonoids in the extract reaches 2.29%. Amongst them hyperoside is dominating, which content is not less than 1%. Pharmacological evaluation of the extract on "Hot plate" and carrageenan-induced oedema models in mice revealed analgesic (42%) and anti-inflammatory (67%) effects of the extract. As well, the extract revealed antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) strain (IC50 =20.31 µg/mL)

scholarly journals Resistance of melon cultivars to Bemisia tabaci biotype B

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson LL Baldin ◽  
José Paulo GF da Silva ◽  
Luiz Eduardo R Pannuti
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci Biotype B

The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B, is currently one of the most important pests of melon, causing direct and indirect damage to plants, and significantly reducing production in the field. Due to the need for alternative methods of chemical control in melon crops, the melon cultivars AF-646, AF-682, Don Luis, Frevo, Jangada, Nilo, Vereda, Amarelo Ouro and Hales Best were assessed at field, greenhouse, and laboratory trials for resistance to whitefly B. tabaci biotype B. In general, 'Hales Best' and 'Amarelo Ouro' were the most resistant, showing oviposition non-preference against whitefly. The trichome density is associated with the variation in oviposition on the cultivars and should be further investigated in future work. These results may be helpful in melon breeding programs, focusing on plant resistance to B. tabaci biotype B.

scholarly journals Variability in flooding tolerance, growth and leaf traits in a Populus deltoides intraspecific progeny

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E Rodríguez ◽  
Diana Lauff ◽  
Silvia Cortizo ◽  
Virginia M C Luquez
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability

Abstract Climate change will increase the risk of flooding in several areas of the world where Populus deltoides Marshall (eastern cottonwood) is planted, so it would be desirable for this species to select for flooding tolerance. The aims of this work were to explore the variability in growth, leaf traits and flooding tolerance in an F1 full-sib intraspecific progeny of P. deltoides, to analyze the correlations of leaf and growth traits with flooding tolerance and to assess their suitability for use in breeding programs. Two-month-old parental clones and their progeny of 30 full-sib F1 genotypes were grown in pots and subjected to two treatments: (i) plants watered to field capacity (control) and (ii) plants flooded up to 10 cm above soil level for 35 days. Growth (height, diameter and biomass partition) and leaf traits (leaf size and number, specific leaf area, leaf senescence, abscission, stomatal conductance, carbon isotope discrimination, stomatal index) were measured. Flooding tolerance for each genotype was estimated as the ratio of the biomass of stressed plants to the biomass of control plants. Results showed segregation in terms of flooding tolerance in the F1 progeny. A significant genotype effect was found for leaf size and number, carbon isotopic discrimination and stomatal conductance, but it did not correlate with flooding tolerance. Height, diameter and root-to-shoot ratio had a positive phenotypic correlation with flooding tolerance, and there was a positive genetic correlation of height and diameter with biomass on both treatments. The narrow sense heritability values for the traits analyzed ranged from 0 to 0.56. We conclude that growth traits are more adequate than leaf traits for selection to increase flooding tolerance. A vigorous initial growth would increase flooding tolerance in young poplar plants.

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