Chemical composition of Clinopodium menthifolium aqueous extract and its influence on antioxidant system in black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) seedlings and mortality rate of whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) adults

Une gestion efficace de la fertilité des sols en zone urbaine est un grand défi pour la production alimentaire dans les villes sub-sahariennes. La présente étude évalue l'effet de l'utilisation des engrais organiques sur les paramètres de croissance, le rendement en feuilles et la composition chimique de la morelle noire. Cette expérimentation a été faite au jardin maraîcher de Nkolbisson. Le dispositif expérimental concernait quatre traitements : le témoin sans engrais (T1), 195 kg de N/ha d'engrais chimique (T2), 6,67 t/ha de fiente de poule (T3) et 6,67 t/ha de bouse de vache (T4). Les paramètres agronomiques de croissance ont été mesurés. Des différences très significatives (P <0,05) ont été observées entre les traitements. La tendance générale a montré une augmentation de la majorité des paramètres mesurés pour les traitements aux engrais. Les valeurs les plus élevées ont été obtenues pour T4. La classification des traitements en fonction de leur influence positive sur le rendement en feuille est T4(8,77 ± 1,15) t/ha> T3(6,38 ± 0,51) t/ha = T2(5,88 ± 1,06) t/ha> T1(4,09 ± 1,07) t/ha. L’utilisation d’engrais organiques produits dans la ville peut fournir des quantités de nutriments nécessaires pour la production des légumes feuilles noires et, par conséquent améliorer leurs rendements. Mots clés : Bouse de vache, engrais minéral, fiente de poule, Solanum nigrum. English title: Effects of amendments on growth, yield and chemical composition of black nightshade in suburban areas of Yaoundé, CameroonEfficient soil fertility management in urban areas is a big challenge for food production in sub-Saharan cities. This study assesses the effect of using organic fertilizers on growth parameters, leaf yield and chemical composition of black nightshade. This experiment was carried out at the Nkolbisson market garden. The experimental set-up involved four treatments: the control without fertilizer (T1), 195 kg of N / ha of chemical fertilizer (T2), 6.67 t / ha of chicken droppings (T3) and 6.67 t / ha of cow dung (T4). Agronomic growth parameters were measured. Very significant differences (P <0.05) were observed between the treatments. The general trend has shown an increase in the majority of the parameters measured for fertilizer treatments. The highest values were obtained for T4. The classification of treatments according to their positive influence on leaf yield is T4 (8.77 ± 1.15) t/ha> T3 (6.38 ± 0.51) t/ha = T2 (5.88 ± 1.06) t/ha> T1 (4.09 ± 1.07) t/ha. The use of organic fertilizers produced in the city can provide quantities of nutrients necessary for the production of black leafy vegetables and therefore improve their yields.Keywords: Chicken droppings, cow dung, mineral fertilizer, Solanum nigrum.

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Mechanical Factors of Infl uence on Biological Effi ciency of Solanum Nigrum L.

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp1.02.020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 20-23

Author(s):

O. Ivashchenko ◽

O. Ivashchenko

Keyword(s):

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

Effi Ciency ◽

Weed Plants ◽

Sensitivity Level ◽

Solanum Nigrum L ◽

Small Plot ◽

Mechanical Factors ◽

The Moment ◽

Working Out

Aim. Studying of black nightshade young plants’ response to the induced mechanical stresses. Methods. Researches conducted in small plot fi eld experiments. Results. Change of sensitivity level of Solanum nigrum L. plants depending on phases of their development at the moment of damage of elevated parts has been proven. Owing to loss of the surface capable to photosynthesis, there is an essential decrease in volumes of photosynthesis at plants of weed survived and their possibilities of ontogeny passage. The deep induced dis- stresses reduce biological effi ciency of plants, their ability to accumulate weight and to form seeds and even lead them to death. Conclusions. The defi ned principles of response of weed plants to the induced mechanical dis-stresses are can be used for working out and ecological receptions of crops protection from weeds.

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF HALOXYLON ARTICULATUM BOISS AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEPATOTOXICITY IN NICKEL INTOXICATED RATS

10.21506/j.ponte.2020.4.17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Abdelkader Ammam ◽

Grele karima ◽

Adli Djallaleddine Houari ◽

Kahloula Khaled ◽

Slimani Miloud

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Aqueous Extract

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Antifeedant Activity of Leaf Aqueous Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants on VI Instar Larva of Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner)

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v8i05.b01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (05) ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

G. Ravi ◽

Dr.G. Sundararajan

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Antifeedant Activity ◽

Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera

Phytochemicals, especially botanical insecticides are currently of interest because of their successful application in plant protection as biocontrol agents. Biological activity of leaf aqueous extract of ten selected medicinal plants were evaluated against the fourth-instar larvae of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (H¨ubner), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Antifeedant activity of leaf aqueous extracts of Abutilon indicum L., Achyranthus aspera L., Aerva lanata L., Albiziz amara (Roxb), Andrographis paniculata Ness., Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Cassia tora L., Catharanthus roseus L (G) Don., Datura metal L. and Tribulus terrestris L. were evaluated in this study. Preliminary screening after 24 h of exposure with leaf aqueous extracts of the selected plants at a concentration of 1,000 ppm exhibited significant larval mortality rate. The percentage mortality rate ranged considerably from 10.8 to 72.8. The mortality rate was observed in the decreasing order of A. paniculata > C. roseus > D. metal > A. amara > C. halicacabum > A. indicum > C. tora > T. terrestris > A. aspera >A. lanata against the larvae of H. armigera. The results imply that leaf aqueous extract of A. paniculata, C. roseus and D. metal can potentially be used as eco-friendly pest control agents against the larva of H. armigera.

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Physiological Response of Capsicum annuum L. to Aqueous Extracts of Allelopathic Plants: A Case of Tithonia rotundifolia and Murraya koenigii

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2019/v31i130199 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

O. O. Otusanya ◽

A. A. Ogunwole ◽

M. O. Tijani

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Murraya Koenigii

The present study evaluated the allelopathic potential of fresh shoot aqueous extracts of Tithonia rotundifolia (FSET) and Murraya koenigii (FSEM) on the germination of seeds, growth, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation of Capsicum annuum. The laboratory experimental results showed that seed germination and juvenile seedling growth of C. annuum were significantly retarded by both FSEM and FSET. The radicle growth was more susceptible to the phytotoxicity of both extracts than the plumule growth. Both plants extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the seedling growth of the recipient crop while the FSET was more phytotoxic than FSEM. However, this retardatory effect of aqueous extracts on growth observed in the laboratory was reversed in the soil-cultured experiments such that application of FSEM significantly enhanced all the studied growth parameters (shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area ratio, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid content in the shoot and percentage crude protein in the shoot and fruits). Likewise, FSET application significantly increased the leaf area, total chlorophyll and percentage crude protein accumulation in the shoot and fruits of the recipient crop at P<.05. This study then emphasizes the fact that T. rotundifolia and M. koenigii are allelopathic plants. The increased ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation in the aqueous extract-treated crop could, apart from enhancing the nutritional benefits of the test crop, be an adaptive mechanism evolved by the crop to overcome the allelopathic stress posed by the application of the aqueous extracts. These findings therefore suggest that allelochemicals in the aqueous extract of M. koenigii and T. rotundifolia could serve as biofertilizers for boosting the production of C. annuum.

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Tuta absoluta. [Distribution Map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Pests ◽

10.1079/dmpp/20093167386 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Datura Stramonium ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Balearic Islands ◽

Tuta Absoluta ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Nicotiana Glauca ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

New Distribution ◽

Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae. Hosts: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France (Mainland France), Italy (Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily), Netherlands, Spain (Balearic Islands, Mainland Spain)), Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Ceara Espirito Santo, Goias, Minas Gerais, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela).

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Comparisons of Dihydroxybenzenes and Paraquat

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500077638 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 179-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. J. Hogue ◽

G. F. Warren

Keyword(s):

Mode Of Action ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Fast Acting ◽

Different Levels

Although similar in mode of action, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol) and 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′bipyridinium ion (paraquat) at different levels were required to kill plants. Both chemicals were fast-acting, they both required light to be active, and herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis protected the plants temporarily against the action of both compounds. Paraquat and catechol had additive effects on black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) but not on redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Catechol protected redroot pigweed against the action of paraquat.

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BAY SMY 1500 for Selective Control of Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and Other Weeds in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Fields

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00027391 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 592-597

Author(s):

Yeshaiahu Kleifeld ◽

Titi Blumenfeld ◽

Geza Herzlinger

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

Selective Control ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Annual Weeds

Black nightshade was selectively controlled along with other annual weeds in direct-seeded tomatoes by BAY SMY 1500 applied preemergence. BAY SMY 1500 was also found selective for transplanted tomatoes when applied prior to transplanting or soon after planting prior to black nightshade emergence. Black nightshade control and crop selectivity were obtained with BAY SMY 1500 at 0.75 and 1.25 kg ai ha-1applied on sandy loam and clay loam soils, respectively.

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Fluridone for Annual Weed Control in Western Irrigated Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500069022 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 290-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John H. Miller ◽

Charles H. Carter

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Rate Controlled

For 3 yr, fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone} at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 kg/ha, was applied with or without 0.6 kg/ha of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) before the preplanting irrigation for cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.). Without trifluralin, fluridone at 0.1 kg/ha controlled less than 60% of annual grasses or redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), but the 0.3-kg/ha rate controlled 90%. With trifluralin, fluridone at all rates controlled 98% of these weeds. Fluridone alone controlled 85% or more of black nightshade (Solanum nigrumL.). Fluridone did not alter cotton stand or yield. Fluridone residues 8 months after treatment reduced growth of several crops and weeds by 75% or more.

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A Study of Host-Parasite Relationships. The Potatoroot Eelworm (Heterodera rostochiensis) in Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and Tomato

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00023452 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 27 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. C. Doncaster

Keyword(s):

Body Wall ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

The Body ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

Tomato Roots ◽

Heterodera Rostochiensis ◽

Food Reserves ◽

Host Parasite

Larvae of Heterodera rostochiensis have penetrated S. nigrum, quickly caused necrosis in the invaded roots and usually themselves suffered degeneration, which it is believed has led to their death. In these cases the region of the intestine apparently becomes devoid of food reserves and the subcuticular layers of the body wall degenerate into irregular strands of tissue. Only of the order of 0.5 per cent, completed the second moult in eight weeks, while the same stage was reached in tomatoes in a little over two weeks. Many larvae apparently do not develop at all. Tomato roots react to invasion by becoming swollen, and necrosis is less in evidence than in black nightshade.

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