scholarly journals Which forest-risk commodities imported to the UK have the highest overseas impacts? A rapid evidence synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Amy Molotoks ◽  
Chris West
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Final Synthesis ◽  
Improve Supply Chain

Background: Commodity-driven deforestation is a major driver of forest loss worldwide, and globalisation has increased the disconnect between producer and consumer countries. Recent due-diligence legislation aiming to improve supply chain sustainability covers major forest-risk commodities. However, the evidence base for specific commodities included within policy needs assessing to ensure effective reduction of embedded deforestation. Methods: We conducted a rapid evidence synthesis in October 2020 using three databases; Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, to assess the literature and identify commodities with the highest deforestation risk linked to UK imports. Inclusion criteria include publication in the past 10 years and studies that didn’t link commodity consumption to impacts or to the UK were excluded. The development of a review protocol was used to minimise bias and critical appraisal of underlying data and methods in studies was conducted in order to assess the uncertainties around results.   Results: From a total of 318 results, 17 studies were included in the final synthesis. These studies used various methodologies and input data, yet there is broad alignment on commodities, confirming that those included in due diligence legislation have a high deforestation risk. Soy, palm oil, and beef were identified as critical, with their production being concentrated in just a few global locations. However, there are also emerging commodities that have a high deforestation risk but are not included in legislation, such as sugar and coffee. These commodities are much less extensively studied in the literature and may warrant further research and consideration.   Conclusion: Policy recommendations in the selected studies suggests further strengthening of the UK due diligence legislation is needed. In particular, the provision of incentives for uptake of policies and wider stakeholder engagement, as well as continual review of commodities included to ensure a reduction in the UK’s overseas deforestation footprint.

scholarly journals Necessity of dural tenting sutures in modern neurosurgery: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e027904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Przepiórka ◽  
Przemysław Kunert ◽  
Jarosław Żyłkowski ◽  
Jan Fortuniak ◽  
Patrycja Larysz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Potential Space ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Ethical Committee Approval ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionThe ongoing need for dural tenting sutures in a contemporary neurosurgical practice has been questioned in the literature for over two decades. In the past, these sutures were supposed to prevent blood collecting in the potential space between the skull and the dura by elevating the latter. Theoretically, with modern haemostasis and proper postoperative care, this technique should not be necessary and the surgery time can be shortened. Unfortunately, there is no evidence-based proof to either support or reject this hypothesis.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Eight electronic databases of peer-reviewed journals will be searched, as well as other sources. Eligible articles will be assessed against inclusion criteria. The intervention is not tenting the dura and this will be compared with the usual dural tenting sutures. Where possible, ‘summary of findings’ tables will be generated.Ethics and disseminationEthical committee approval is not required for a systematic review protocol. Findings will be presented at international neurosurgical conferences and published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018097089.

scholarly journals Epistaxis 2016: national audit of management

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
National Audit ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Consensus Guidance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Audit Standards

AbstractBackground:Epistaxis is a common condition that can be associated with significant morbidity, and it places a considerable burden on our healthcare system. This national audit of management sought to assess current practice against newly created consensus recommendations and to expand our current evidence base.Methods:The management of epistaxis patients who met the inclusion criteria, at 113 registered sites across the UK, was compared with audit standards during a 30-day window. Data were further utilised for explorative analysis.Results:Data for 1826 cases were uploaded to the database, representing 94 per cent of all cases that met the inclusion criteria at participating sites. Sixty-two per cent of patients were successfully treated by ENT clinicians within 24 hours. The 30-day recurrent presentation rate across the dataset was 13.9 per cent. Significant event analysis revealed an all-cause 30-day mortality rate of 3.4 per cent.Conclusion:Audit findings demonstrate a varying alignment with consensus guidance, with explorative analysis countering some previously well-established tenets of management.

scholarly journals Oral ulcers of COVID-19 patients: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abanoub Riad ◽  
Julien Issa ◽  
Veronika Chuchmova ◽  
Simona Slezakova ◽  
Esraa Gomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Science Framework

AbstractObjectiveThis scoping review aims to systematically identify the types, characteristics, and possible pathophysiologic etiologies of the oral ulcers that emerge in COVID-19 patients.IntroductionThe oral cavity is a vulnerable niche for the most diverse microbial ecosystem in the human body; therefore, it presents a wide array of mucocutaneous complications that could indicate various acute and chronic conditions. The COVID-19-related oral conditions, including oral ulcers, had been widely debated as direct manifestations or indirect complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to a preliminary search of PROSPERO, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the JBI Evidence Synthesis, there is no published nor registered scoping review concerned with the oral ulcers of COVID-19 patients.Inclusion criteriaThe review will include studies included COVID-19 patients whose infection had been confirmed by RT-PCR testing regardless of infection severity and clinical course. Only the studies that reported COVID-19 patients with oral ulcers.MethodsA three-phase search strategy will be carried out: an initial limited search, a full electronic search, and hand search using the reference lists of all included records. The main bibliographic databases of published literature will include MEDLINE® (Ovid), EMBASE (Elsevier), and Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register. All identified records will be managed using EndNote 9.2, and the titles and abstracts will be screened against the inclusion criteria before the full text of all potentially relevant studies will be examined. The data will be presented in tabular form, rating maps, and narrative summary.RegistrationThis protocol had been pre-registered in Open Science Framework (OSF) Registries.[1]

scholarly journals Simulation past, present and future—a decade of progress in simulation-based education in the UK

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2020-000601
Author(s):  
Helen Higham
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
National Society ◽  
Interprofessional Team ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Aids ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Simulation Practice

This review will present developments in simulation-based education (SBE) over the past decade with a focus on activity in the UK’s National Health Service and the role of the national society (the Association for Simulation Practice in Healthcare). The article covers the evolution of strategic changes for the use of SBE in the UK and the operational challenges faced by clinicians and other faculty in SBE. The expansion of the evidence base to support SBE in healthcare both in technical skills and, more broadly, in interprofessional team training is explored. Finally, the wider role of simulation in patient safety and healthcare systems, including testing pathways and the development of cognitive aids and involvement of patients in SBE is considered.

From gut feeling to evidence base: drivers and barriers to the development of health care for older people

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul V. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Complex Scenario ◽  
Care For Older People ◽  
Do So

Key points• Major advances in medicine, policy, and services for older people have been made over the past fifty years.• The numbers of older people in the UK and elsewhere are increasing and will continue to do so.• This increase has concomitant sociological, medical, and economic challenges that need to be met because they affect the provision of services at all levels.• These challenges are occurring at a time when resources are becoming scarcer and budgets shrinking.• Governments are faced with orchestrating infrastructure and policy in this demanding and complex scenario.• Managers are attempting to do more with less.• Clinicians and other medical professionals are trying to base treatments on sound evidence-based strategies.• There is recognition of the need to include older people and the general public in these processes.• Research may provide us with information that can help resolve these problems.

695 Analgesic Ladder Compliance by Junior Doctors on Surgical Wards

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Emanuel ◽  
S Mahdi ◽  
S Bondje ◽  
J Tjokarfa ◽  
J Dhunna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analgesic Ladder ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Introduction Analgesia makes up an integral part of the management of the surgical patient. The World Health Organisation “analgesic ladder” details the escalation of analgesics from paracetamol through to opiates. Over the past decade, opiate prescriptions in the UK have increased by 22% to 40.5 million a year. Method Drug charts were reviewed on the surgical wards prior to presentation of the trust guidelines to surgical juniors. Inclusion criteria was non-cancerous adults who were not on chronic pain medications and had no known allergy or contraindication to NSAIDs. F1/2s were also surveyed on their knowledge of the trust guidelines Results Compliance improved in weak opioids (10.6%) and oramorph (19.1%) but fell in NSAIDs (-2.9%). Paracetamol was prescribed appropriately in 100%. 78% of doctors admitted to not having read the trust guidelines and 89% to not following them despite 100% being aware of the concept of the analgesic ladder. Conclusions We saw a tangible improvement in opiate prescribing by surgical juniors. However, the overall compliance to the analgesic ladder is still relatively poor given the doctors are all aware of the concept of the analgesic ladder, suggesting appropriate analgesic prescribing does not rank as highly in importance as it should.

scholarly journals The natural history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: a multi-parameter evidence synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 1-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm J Price ◽  
AE Ades ◽  
Kate Soldan ◽  
Nicky J Welton ◽  
John Macleod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Chlamydia Screening ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
The Uk

Background and objectivesThe evidence base supporting the National Chlamydia Screening Programme, initiated in 2003, has been questioned repeatedly, with little consensus on modelling assumptions, parameter values or evidence sources to be used in cost-effectiveness analyses. The purpose of this project was to assemble all available evidence on the prevalence and incidence ofChlamydia trachomatis(CT) in the UK and its sequelae, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy (EP) and tubal factor infertility (TFI) to review the evidence base in its entirety, assess its consistency and, if possible, arrive at a coherent set of estimates consistent with all the evidence.MethodsEvidence was identified using ‘high-yield’ strategies. Bayesian Multi-Parameter Evidence Synthesis models were constructed for separate subparts of the clinical and population epidemiology of CT. Where possible, different types of data sources were statistically combined to derive coherent estimates. Where evidence was inconsistent, evidence sources were re-interpreted and new estimates derived on a post-hoc basis.ResultsAn internally coherent set of estimates was generated, consistent with a multifaceted evidence base, fertility surveys and routine UK statistics on PID and EP. Among the key findings were that the risk of PID (symptomatic or asymptomatic) following an untreated CT infection is 17.1% [95% credible interval (CrI) 6% to 29%] and the risk of salpingitis is 7.3% (95% CrI 2.2% to 14.0%). In women aged 16–24 years, screened at annual intervals, at best, 61% (95% CrI 55% to 67%) of CT-related PID and 22% (95% CrI 7% to 43%) of all PID could be directly prevented. For women aged 16–44 years, the proportions of PID, EP and TFI that are attributable to CT are estimated to be 20% (95% CrI 6% to 38%), 4.9% (95% CrI 1.2% to 12%) and 29% (95% CrI 9% to 56%), respectively. The prevalence of TFI in the UK in women at the end of their reproductive lives is 1.1%: this is consistent with all PID carrying a relatively high risk of reproductive damage, whether diagnosed or not. Every 1000 CT infections in women aged 16–44 years, on average, gives rise to approximately 171 episodes of PID and 73 of salpingitis, 2.0 EPs and 5.1 women with TFI at age 44 years.Conclusions and research recommendationsThe study establishes a set of interpretations of the major studies and study designs, under which a coherent set of estimates can be generated. CT is a significant cause of PID and TFI. CT screening is of benefit to the individual, but detection and treatment of incident infection may be more beneficial. Women with lower abdominal pain need better advice on when to seek early medical attention to avoid risk of reproductive damage. The study provides new insights into the reproductive risks of PID and the role of CT. Further research is required on the proportions of PID, EP and TFI attributable to CT to confirm predictions made in this report, and to improve the precision of key estimates. The cost-effectiveness of screening should be re-evaluated using the findings of this report.FundingThe Medical Research Council grant G0801947.

Dowagers, Debs, Nuns and Babies: The Politics of Nostalgia and the Older Woman in the British Sunday Night Television Serial

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estella Tincknell
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Older Woman ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Popular Television

The extensive commercial success of two well-made popular television drama serials screened in the UK at prime time on Sunday evenings during the winter of 2011–12, Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–) and Call the Midwife (BBC, 2012–), has appeared to consolidate the recent resurgence of the period drama during the 1990s and 2000s, as well as reassembling something like a mass audience for woman-centred realist narratives at a time when the fracturing and disassembling of such audiences seemed axiomatic. While ostensibly different in content, style and focus, the two programmes share a number of distinctive features, including a range of mature female characters who are sufficiently well drawn and socially diverse as to offer a profoundly pleasurable experience for the female viewer seeking representations of aging femininity that go beyond the sexualised body of the ‘successful ager’. Equally importantly, these two programmes present compelling examples of the ‘conjunctural text’, which appears at a moment of intense political polarisation, marking struggles over consent to a contemporary political position by re-presenting the past. Because both programmes foreground older women as crucial figures in their respective communities, but offer very different versions of the social role and ideological positioning that this entails, the underlying politics of such nostalgia becomes apparent. A critical analysis of these two versions of Britain's past thus highlights the ideological investments involved in period drama and the extent to which this ‘cosy’ genre may legitimate or challenge contemporary political claims.

The World Economy through the Lens of the United Nations

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The United Nations

This volume documents the intellectual influence of the United Nations through its flagship publication, the World Economic and Social Survey (WESS) on its seventieth anniversary. Prepared at the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) and first published in 1948 as the World Economic Report (subsequently renamed the WESS), it is the oldest continuous post-World War II publication of this kind, recording and analysing the performance of the global economy and social development trends, and offering relevant policy recommendations. This volume highlights how well WESS has tracked global economic and social conditions, and how its analyses have influenced and have been influenced by the prevailing discourse over the past seven decades. The volume critically reflects on its policy recommendations and their influence on actual policymaking and the shaping of the world economy. Although world economic and social conditions have changed significantly over the past seven decades and so have the policy recommendations of the Survey, some of its earlier recommendations remain relevant today; recommendations in WESS provided seven decades ago seem remarkably pertinent as the world currently struggles to regain high levels of employment and economic activity. Thus, in many ways, WESS was ahead of the curve on many substantive issues. Publication of this volume will enhance the interest of the wider community of policymakers, academics, development practitioners, and members of civil society in the analytical work of the UN in general and UN-DESA in particular.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document