scholarly journals Performance Comparison of Stabilised Soils Based On their Liquefaction Resistances – A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Develop Environment

The behavior of sands under undrained monotonic and cyclic loading are a widely discussed topic in fields of geotechnical engineering. The strength of cohesion less soils get drastically reduced under sudden undrained loading, especially if they are in saturated or submerged state, making them more prone to liquefaction. Researchers have conducted experiments on soils treated with a wide variety of chemicals, fibres,waste products and biopolymers to find out the liquefaction resistance of the modified sands. Among these additives, use of chemicals like cement pose major environmental problems like carbon dioxide emission and production of air pollutants like SO2, NO2, VOCs and other particulate matter. Plastic wastes such as PET bottles and plastic bags and byproducts like flyash and granulated blast furnace slag are used from past due to their strength enhancing properties. Plastic require thousands of years for their breakdown. The leachate generated by flyash and slag are slightly acidic in nature, polluting surface waters. In order to develop environment friendly construction practices, biopolymers like agar, starch, guar gel and xanthan gum are included recently in soil stabilization techniques. Being, renewable, reusable and carbon neutral, there is an increased interest on these biopolymers. This study is aimed at comparing the liquefaction resistances of modified and unmodified sands with a variety of additives based on results of Triaxial tests.

scholarly journals Technical and Environmental Impacts of Coal Waste Used as a Soil Stabilizer in Construction Projects of Forest Roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mansouri ◽  
Mehran Nasiri ◽  
Amir Modarres
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Soil Stabilizer

Many pozzolans are waste products from industrial processes. Every year a huge amount of coal waste is gathered from the coal washing plant in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. These materials can be used for soil stabilization in construction and maintenance projects of forest roads. This paper aims to (a) investigate the role of coal waste (CW) as a soil stabilizer and (b) determine the changes in soil specification regarding the environmental pollution in different combinations of materials (soil, lime (4 and 6%) and CW (3, 6, 9 and 12%)). For this purpose, different technical and environmental analysis and laboratory tests were performed. Technical tests showed that the soil liquid limit and maximum dry density decreased with an increase in lime and CW contents. Addition of CW could increase the soil CBR, UCS and OMC. According to XRD test, the addition of CW and lime can increase the size of crystals in stabilized soil samples. Environmental analysis showed that the use of stabilizer significantly reduced the concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr and Pb. Also, all of the metal concentrations leached from samples satisfied the required criteria, but the addition of lime and CW increased the concentration of N, P, and K. These changes can increase the invasive species consistent with calcareous soil conditions along the roads. According to the results, the combination of coal waste and lime can be one of the best methods for in situ remediation. It would, however, be better to use a minimum amount of stabilizer in pavement layers of access roads due to environmental sensitivity.

Cyclic soil-root mechanical interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Leung ◽  
Ali Akbar Karimzadeh ◽  
Zhaoyi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Mechanical Interaction ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Stress Ratio ◽  
Geotechnical Centrifuge ◽  
Wide Diameter

<p>Plant roots have been considered to be effective to reinforce shallow soil slopes under rainfall conditions. Recent evidence from geotechnical centrifuge modelling shows that plant roots could improve earthquake-induced slope stability and reduce slope crest settlement. However, the underlying fundamental mechanisms of soil-root mechanical interaction against seismic loading are unclear. Although there has been a large volume of studies focusing on root reinforcement, cyclic soil-root mechanical interaction has rarely been investigated. Moreover, whether plant roots could reduce the liquefaction potential of rooted soil. This presentation will present some new test data and evidence about (1) cyclic root biomechanical behaviour and (2) cyclic responses of root-reinforced soil. In part (1), results of cyclic uniaxial tensile tests on roots of a wide diameter range will be presented, including any root hardening or softening and change in the size of hysteresis loops under displacement-controlled loading condition. Special attention will be paid on any observation of cyclic-induced root mechanical fatigue. In part (2), results of a comprehensive set of monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests on rooted soil will be presented. The cyclic behaviour observed will be interpreted through the monotonic behaviour observed along both the triaxial compression and extension paths. Any change in soil failure mechanism from limited flow failure to cyclic mobility due to plant roots, and how/when this change occurs at different root volume and cyclic stress ratio, will be discussed in detailed. A new attempt to interpret the liquefaction resistance through an energy-based approach will be made to evaluate the energy dissipation mechanism in rooted soils.</p>

Study on Soil Stabilization by Using Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2506-2512
Author(s):  
Pratiksha R. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract: Soil stabilization has become the more issue in construction activity. In this study we focus on improvement of soil by using Fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). In many villages there was demolition of houses due to flood situation and landslide so stabilization of soil is very important factor in this area. In these studies we use local Fly ash and Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) for stabilization of soil. Soil are generally stabilized to increase their strength and durability or to prevent soil erosion. The properties of soil vary a great deal at different places or in certain cases even at one place the success of soil stabilization depends on soil testing. Various methods are there to stabilize soil and the method should be verified in the lab with the soil material before applying it on the field. The various percentages of Fly ash and GGBS were mixed with soil sample to conduct soil test. Using fly ash reduces the plasticity index which has potential impact on engineering properties also GGBS has cementations property which acts as binding material for the soil. On addition of 15% Fly ash and 5% GGBS increase the strength of soil (according to IS2720:1985) it’s recommended for better result. Keywords: Stabilization of soil, Fly ash, GGBS, Black cotton soil, Soil test.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates Originating from a Single Ready-Mix Concrete Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Anastasiou ◽  
Michail Papachristoforou ◽  
Dimitrios Anesiadis ◽  
Konstantinos Zafeiridis ◽  
Eirini-Chrysanthi Tsardaka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Concrete Mixtures

The waste produced from ready-mixed concrete (RMC) industries poses an environmental challenge regarding recycling. Three different waste products form RMC plants were investigated for use as recycled aggregates in construction applications. Crushed hardened concrete from test specimens of at least 40 MPa compressive strength (HR) and crushed hardened concrete from returned concrete (CR) were tested for their suitability as concrete aggregates and then used as fine and coarse aggregate in new concrete mixtures. In addition, cement sludge fines (CSF) originating from the washing of concrete trucks were tested for their properties as filler for construction applications. Then, CSF was used at 10% and 20% replacement rates as a cement replacement for mortar production and as an additive for soil stabilization. The results show that, although there is some reduction in the properties of the resulting concrete, both HR and CR can be considered good-quality recycled aggregates, especially when the coarse fraction is used. Furthermore, HR performs considerably better than CR both as coarse and as fine aggregate. CSF seems to be a fine material with good properties as a filler, provided that it is properly crushed and sieved through a 75 μm sieve.

scholarly journals Study on some fundamental factors affecting the static liquefaction of sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (HTCS6) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Kien Trung Nguyen ◽  
Thang Kim Nguyen ◽  
Ha Quang Ta ◽  
Huy Quang Dang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Static Liquefaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Confining Pressures ◽  
Undrained Conditions

Static liquefaction of soil is a hazard that has caused a lot of damage to humans. Therefore, this phenomenon has been studied for a long time over the world, nevertheless, research on this issue in Vietnam is still limited. This paper presents the results of several triaxial tests under undrained conditions to evaluate the influence of some fundamental factors on the static liquefaction of Fontainebleau sand. The results show that the relative density and the confining pressure have a significant influence on the static liquefaction of the sand. When the density of the sand increases, the liquefaction resistance of the sand increases, until a certain limit, the sand changes from liquefaction behavior to dilatancybehavior with a decrease in pore pressure and an increase in mean effective stress. When the test is carried out at different confining pressures, the greater the confining pressure, the higher the liquefaction resistance.

scholarly journals Monotonic and cyclic behaviour of root-reinforced sand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Karimzadeh ◽  
Anthony Kwan Leung ◽  
Saied Hosseinpour ◽  
Zhaoyi Wu ◽  
Pedram Fardad Amini
Keyword(s):  
Friction Angle ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Cyclic Mobility ◽  
Cyclic Behaviour ◽  
Stress Ratios

Plant roots are known to provide mechanical reinforcement to soils upon shearing and seismic loading. However, the effects of different stress paths on root reinforce-ment are unclear. Moreover, whether, and how, roots provide resistance to soil lique-faction upon cyclic loading have rarely been studied. The objective of this study is to conduct a series of undrained triaxial tests to investigate the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of rooted sand. Roots of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L), which has been advocated for use in shallow slope stabilisation purposes, were used for testing. The root diameters ranged between 0.3 to 1.5 mm, while the root volume ra-tios were 0.23%, 0.45% and 0.67%. It was discovered that the root reinforcement ef-fect was anisotropic and path-dependent. Along the extension path when the major principal stress was perpendicular to the predominant root orientation, the root-induced increase in soil friction angle was approximately 10o. This increase was much greater than the case along the compression path where the change was min-imal. The presence of roots prevented the limited flow failure (which occurred in the unreinforced sand), and the failure mode of root-reinforced soil switched to cyclic mobility. The liquefaction resistance was improved with an increase in root volume, and this improvement was more remarkable at higher cyclic stress ratios.

scholarly journals Regression Analysis by Taguchi Method on Strength of Weathered Crystalline Rock Sand Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S3) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Iron Industry ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
The World ◽  
Cement Manufacture ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
Furnace Slag

Due to industrialisation, large constructions are going on all over the world which in turn requires huge quantity of cement and sand. Cement manufacture is a main source of carbon-di-oxide emission to the atmosphere and quarrying of river sand produces scarcity as well as environmental problems. There are various waste products obtained from manufacture of other materials as well as from quarries, the handling of which is difficult and creates environmental issues. These waste materials can be used as a replacement for cement and sand. In this study weathered crystalline rock sand which is obtained from the soft outer portion of rock in quarries is used as replacement for river sand and Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) obtained from iron industry is used as replacement for cement to reduce the environmental impact as well as to help waste handling and reuse.

An Experimental Study on Compaction Behavior Of Lateritic Soils Treated with Quarry Dust Based Geopolymer Cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Kennedy Chibuzor Onyelowe ◽  
Duc Bui Van ◽  
Mohammed Oludare Idrees ◽  
Michael E. Onyia ◽  
Lam Dao-Phuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Strict Requirement ◽  
Quarry Dust

Due to the scarcity of well-graded gravel materials, lateritic soils are widely used for road construction in tropic areas. However, lateritic soils often do not meet the strict requirement for subgrade and need to be improved to be used as construction material. Among several approaches used to enhance the engineering properties of lateritic soils, the use of industrial waste materials, such as fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, is of particular interest to the construction industry as a potential replacement material for Portland cement in soil stabilization. Meanwhile, some effort has been made to study the use of quarry dust in stabilizing lateritic soils. The present work aims at assessing the compaction characteristics of three different types of lateritic soils, treated with quarry dust based geopolymer cement. A systematic study by varying the proportion of geopolymer cement was carried out. Test results show that the soil dry density substantially increased while the corresponding optimal moisture content decreased with the amount of geopolymer cement under varying compactive effort.

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