scholarly journals Technical and Environmental Impacts of Coal Waste Used as a Soil Stabilizer in Construction Projects of Forest Roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mansouri ◽  
Mehran Nasiri ◽  
Amir Modarres
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Soil Stabilizer

Many pozzolans are waste products from industrial processes. Every year a huge amount of coal waste is gathered from the coal washing plant in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. These materials can be used for soil stabilization in construction and maintenance projects of forest roads. This paper aims to (a) investigate the role of coal waste (CW) as a soil stabilizer and (b) determine the changes in soil specification regarding the environmental pollution in different combinations of materials (soil, lime (4 and 6%) and CW (3, 6, 9 and 12%)). For this purpose, different technical and environmental analysis and laboratory tests were performed. Technical tests showed that the soil liquid limit and maximum dry density decreased with an increase in lime and CW contents. Addition of CW could increase the soil CBR, UCS and OMC. According to XRD test, the addition of CW and lime can increase the size of crystals in stabilized soil samples. Environmental analysis showed that the use of stabilizer significantly reduced the concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr and Pb. Also, all of the metal concentrations leached from samples satisfied the required criteria, but the addition of lime and CW increased the concentration of N, P, and K. These changes can increase the invasive species consistent with calcareous soil conditions along the roads. According to the results, the combination of coal waste and lime can be one of the best methods for in situ remediation. It would, however, be better to use a minimum amount of stabilizer in pavement layers of access roads due to environmental sensitivity.

scholarly journals Geotechnical properties of reinforced clayey soil using nylons carry’s bags by products

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Salim ◽  
Kawther Al-Soudany ◽  
Nora Jajjawi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Replacement Technique

All structures built on soft soil may experience uncontrollable settlement and critical bearing capacity. This may not meet the design requirements for the geotechnical engineer. Soil stabilization is the change of these undesirable properties in order to meet the requirements. Traditional methods of stabilizing or through in-situ ground improvement such as compaction or replacement technique is usually costly. Now a safe and economic disposal of industrial wastes and development of economically feasible ground improvement techniques are the important challenges being faced by the engineering community. This work focuses on improving the soft soil brought from Baghdad by utilizing the local waste material for stabilization of soil, such as by using “Nylon carry bag’s by product” with the different percentage and corresponding to 1 %, 3% and 5% (the portion of stabilizer matters to soil net weight) of dried soil. The results indicated that as Nylon’s fiber content increases, the liquid limit decreases while the plastic limit increases, so the plasticity index decreases. Furthermore, the maximum dry density decreases while, the optimum moisture content increases as the Nylon’s fiber percentage increases. The compression index (decreases as the Nylon’s fiber increases and provides a maximum of 43% reduction by adding 5% nylon waste material. In addition, the results indicated that, the undrained shear strength increases as the nylon fiber increases.

scholarly journals Investigation on the performance of ‘Fino’ materials to stabilize expansive soil: A case study in Yeka Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 044-050
Author(s):  
Tsion Mindaye ◽  
Emer Tucay Quezon ◽  
Temesgen Ayna
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Proctor Test

Expansive soil swells when it is wet, and it will shrink when it dries. Due to this behavior of the soil, the strength and other properties of soil are inferior. To improve its properties, it is necessary to stabilize the soil with different stabilizers. Soil stabilization is a process to treat the soil to maintain, alter, or improve expansive soil performance. In this study, the potential of 'Fino' as stabilizing additive to expansive soil was investigated for the improving engineering properties of expansive soil to be used as subgrade material. The evaluation involved the determination of the Free Swell test, CBR test, Atterberg's limits, and the Proctor test of expansive soil in its natural state as well as when mixed with varying proportions of 'Fino.' The practices were performed on six proportions 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30 % with expansive soil. The research result indicated a considerable reduction in Swelling, and the Maximum dry Density of soil was improved. Optimum moisture content decreased in increasing 'Fino.' At 30% of 'Fino,' the CBR values of expansive soil increased from 1.06% to 5.94%, Liquid Limit decreased from 95.2% to 29.4%, plasticity index decreased from 57.24% to 17.82% and the degree of expansion of the natural subgrade soil has reduced from "very high to medium." Hence, it is concluded that the 'Fino' at 30% has shown significant improvement in the expansive soil's engineering properties meeting the ERA and AASHTO Standard specifications requirements for road subgrade material.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Lime and G.G.B.S (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) as a Admixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2133-2136
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Soil Stabilization is one of the modern techniques for modification of soil which are using in our daily life in construction. Due to increase in population land is also getting scarce so we need to build in the available area. So this technique we use is called Soil stabilization or modification of soil. As we know that some of the soils are not useful for construction. As a result while constructing pavements like national highways (NH) we should definitely build the pavement on soils like black cotton soil by improving its strength because the original nature of the soil will have poor bearing capacity and less strength. So by adding admixtures from Industrial wastes such as Ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS) which is the waste of iron ore i.e., in powder form and Lime which will increase the bearing strength of the soil, So that it will also increase the pavement design over long period of time which is the ultimate goal for the design of the pavement or any other construction purpose. So by adding these admixture using the industrial waste which is available in a low cost so that we can easily improve the strength of the soil because of the availability of admixtures in economy. After adding the admixtures Soil should be tested by some basic tests of U.C.C (Unconfined Compressive Strength) and also California bearing test (CBR) and also some basic tests like MDD (Maximum Dry Density) & OMC (Optimum Moisture Content), Plasticity index and liquid limit etc.., should be carried out in order to test the improved strength of the soil.

scholarly journals “Enhancement of Bearing Properties of Black Cotton Soil by Optimal Blending Of Jute and Coir Fibres as a Reinforcement’’

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4172-4177
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Synthetic Material ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Proctor Test

Soil stabilization is the process which involves enhancing the physical properties of the soil in order to improve its strength, durability etc. by blending or mixing with additives. The different types of method used for soil stabilization are: Soil stabilization with cement, Soil stabilization with lime, Soil stabilization using bitumen, Chemical stabilization and a new emerging technology of stabilization by Geo textiles and Geo synthetic fibres. In this study, we are making use of Jute and Coir fibre as geo synthetic material for stabilization of soil. With the introduction of Jute and Coir fibres to the soil the CBR values will improve and thickness of pavement layer also gets reduced. It also reduces the intensity of stress on subgrade. Jute and Coir fibres are such a geo synthetic material which is easily available, eco friendly and also cost-effective. With the application of soil stabilization method in construction the overall cost gets reduced when compared to the ordinary method of construction. To determine the Liquid limit using Casagrande Method, Plastic limit by rolling the sample to 3mm diameter thread, Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Density using Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined compression test and also California Bearing Ratio by conducting CBR test.

scholarly journals Investigation on the performance of ‘Fino’ materials to stabilize expansive soil: A case study in Yeka Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emer Tucay Quezon ◽  
Tsion Mindaye
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Proctor Test

Expansive soil swells when it is wet, and it will shrink when it dries. Due to this behavior of the soil, the strength and other properties of soil are inferior. To improve its properties, it is necessary to stabilize the soil with different stabilizers. Soil stabilization is a process to treat the soil to maintain, alter, or improve expansive soil performance. In this study, the potential of 'Fino' as stabilizing additive to expansive soil was investigated for the improving engineering properties of expansive soil to be used as subgrade material. The evaluation involved the determination of the Free Swell test, CBR test, Atterberg's limits, and the Proctor test of expansive soil in its natural state as well as when mixed with varying proportions of 'Fino.' The practices were performed on six proportions 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30 % with expansive soil. The research result indicated a considerable reduction in Swelling, and the Maximum dry Density of soil was improved. Optimum moisture content decreased in increasing 'Fino.' At 30% of 'Fino,' the CBR values of expansive soil increased from 1.06% to 5.94%, Liquid Limit decreased from 95.2% to 29.4%, plasticity index decreased from 57.24% to 17.82% and the degree of expansion of the natural subgrade soil has reduced from "very high to medium." Hence, it is concluded that the 'Fino' at 30% has shown significant improvement in the expansive soil's engineering properties meeting the ERA and AASHTO Standard specifications requirements for road subgrade material.

scholarly journals Stabilization of expansive soil by using industrial waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012238
Author(s):  
Rishav Garg ◽  
Tinku Biswas ◽  
MD Danish Alam ◽  
Aniket Kumar ◽  
Anubhav Siddharth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Waste Reuse ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash ◽  
Disposal Problem

Abstract The production of sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), glass fiber (GF) and ceramic dust (CD) in developing countries at very large scale usually poses a severe disposal problem. The purpose of this research is to determine whether these three waste products are suitable for improving the engineering characteristics of expanding soil. The study has been carried out by varying the content of SBA (0-20%), CD (0-20%) and GF (0-4%) in black cotton soil. Optimization was carried out to find out the composition of the ideal quaternary blend. The use of these materials was found to decrease the maximum dry density and swelling of soil with increase in optimum moisture content. In addition, the liquid limit was found to decline with increment in CBR and unconfined compressive strength. The study confirms the use of these waste materials as soil stabilizers in addition to provide a solution for waste reuse.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fly and Bottom Ashes Mixtures Treated using Sodium Lauryl Sulphate and Polyvinyl Alcohol

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
C.G. Robert ◽  
A. Ayob ◽  
M.F. Muhammad Zaki ◽  
M.E. Razali ◽  
E.V. Lew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Waste Products

Malaysia promotes coal as an option for solid fuel in electric power generation. Demanding of electricity needs, therefore, has led to increase the coal consumption and thus producing more coal waste products. The disposal of coal waste ashes has been a main concern to power generation station due to the need of disposal sites and operational costs. This study investigates the composition of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) mixtures with difference component percentage treated with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at 1.5 and 2.5 wt% solutions and examined in terms of specific gravity, pH, maximum dry density properties, and its surface morphology. Although the chemical composition of the SLS and PVA treated fly and bottom ashes studied in this current work is not altered extensively, significant changes could be observed in its physicochemical properties. Chemically treated fly and bottom ashes mixtures with SLS and PVA at 1.5 wt% solution exhibited specific gravity of 1.97 to 2.92 and high pH values within range of 9.28 to 10.52. The mixture of BA:FA=0:1 ratio depicting high maximum dry density of 1.35 to 1.56 g/cm3 in both SLS and PVA solutions at 1.5 and 2.5 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy image shows distinct surface morphologies of SLS-treated fly and bottom ashes mixture that the particles are packed closely, strongly bonded similar to popcorn shape due to the effect of active silanol groups acted on coal ashes surface with the presence of Al-O/Si-O/other oxides. These findings suggest that higher level of chemical interaction between the fly and bottom ashes particles, significantly enhances pozzolanic reactions such as shear strength, plasticity, cementing properties, and thus other engineering properties.

scholarly journals Utilization of Marble Dust for Improving The Geotechnic Characteristics Of Collapsible Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Nazir ◽  
Moustafa El Sawwaf ◽  
Wasiem Azzam ◽  
Mohamed Ata
Keyword(s):  
Shear Failure ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dust Content ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Collapsible Soil ◽  
Marble Dust

An environment friendly and cost effective factor of collapsible soil stabilization with the help of industrial waste has been widely adopted in this research. Buildings which are constructed on collapsible soils are subjected to large deformations and shear failure .Collapsible soil can be broadly categorized as those soils susceptible to a large reduction in volume upon wetting. The mechanism usually involved in rapid volume reduction entails breaking of bonds at coarse particle contacts by weakening of fine-grained materials brought there by surface tension in evaporating water. This research presents the effects of using marble dust on the geotechnical properties of Collapsible soil as a new stabilizing technique. A series of experimental tests are carried for samples of collapsing soil with and without stabilization using marble dust for dry and soaked conditions. The collapsible soil was mixed with marble dust at different contents of  (0, 10, 20 ,30%,40% and50%). The results showed that, the optimum water content , liquid limit and frictional angle for soaked and un soaked soil are decreased with an increase in marble dust content. The maximum dry density and cohesion for soaked and un soaked soil increased with an increase marble dust content. It has been found that the adopted marble has a good effect in controlling the collapsing potential which is reduced by as much as 64.32% at marble content of 30%. It is also found that the shear strength of stabilized sample is also improved and the stiffness is increased.

scholarly journals Effect of clay content on strength and permeability of plastic loess-cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Boriana Tchakalova
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

Plastic soil-cement is a type of soil stabilization used for the treatment of natural soil to improve its engineering properties. It is a hardened material prepared by mixing soil and Portland cement at a water content higher than optimum, usually near the liquid limit, without compaction at optimum water content to maximum dry density. In Bulgaria, this soil stabilization technique has been applied in foundation works in collapsible loess ground in order to replace a part of the collapsible layer, to increase the bearing capacity of the soil base and/or to isolate the geoenvironment from migration of pollutants. The aim of the current paper is to examine the effect of the clay content of the loess soil on the strength and permeability of plastic loess-cement. Results from the investigation indicate that the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the plastic loess-cement highly depend on the presence of clay fraction.

scholarly journals An investigation into the cause of road failure along Sagamu-Papalanto highway southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubido Oyem Emmanuel ◽  
Igwe Ogbonnaya ◽  
Ukah Bernadette Uche
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Low Resistivity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cause Of Failure

AbstractInvestigation into the cause of road failure has been carried out along a 60 km long Sagamu –Papalanto highway southwestern Nigeria. Geochemical, mineralogical, geotechnical and geophysical analyses were conducted to evaluate the cause of failure along the study area. The results of the laboratory tests showed that the percentage amount of fines ranges from 12 to 61.3%, natural moisture content from 6.8 to 19.7%, liquid limit in the range of 25.1–52.2%, linear shrinkage between 3.96 to 12.71%, plastic limit ranges from 18.2–35%, plasticity index ranges from 5.2 to 24.6%, free swell in the range from 5.17–43.9%, maximum dry density ranges from 1.51–1.74 g /cm3, specific gravity ranges from 2.52–2.64 and CBR between 3 and 12%. The Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) shows a resistance value of 20–138 kgf/cm2. The major clay mineral that is predominant in the studied soil is kaolinite. The major oxides present are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO and CaO. The result of the 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging revealed a low resistivity values for profile 2 and 3 ranging from 100 Ωm – 300 Ωm, between a distance of 20 m – 240 m along the profile to a depth of 7.60 m and a low resistivity value ranging from 50 Ωm – 111Ωm, between a distance of 80 m − 120 m along the profile to a depth of 15 m. It was concluded that the low CBR, low MDD and the class of subsoils namely A-26, A-7, A-2-7 (clayey soils) which were identified are responsible for the cause of failure experienced in the study area. These makes the soils unsuitable as road construction materials and hence, there is need for stabilization during the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the road.

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