scholarly journals Lived Experiences of Pneumonia Victims in Davao City: A Phenomenological Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dave Mendoza Pregoner ◽  
Stephen Aseo ◽  
Angel Dominguiano
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
The Government

An access to primary care offered by the government has been the major concern of this study, which are deprived with complicated perceptions specifically in rural areas. The study engaged a phenomenological approach that characterized human experiences, and mainly to observe the behavioral response of people involved in this research. Also, it uses a purposive sampling technique that involves handpicking participants based on pre-selected criteria. The results gained specified themes through the use of thematic analysis. Based on the identified results, there were four themes introduced in the study that encompasses the problem; and the four themes that were mentioned were Financial Barriers, Structural Barriers, Cognitive Barriers, and Psychological Barriers. Each theme has sub-themes that mimic the problem of the community to the medical society within its access to health services. With regards to this result, the researchers came up with certifying alternatives that would develop the governments’ capabilities in giving quality to health services. It was determined that people should be able to comprehend the barriers hindering them to access the health services. Thus, they should commit themselves on appealing an effective communication to the government. The lingering biases and prejudices of medical experts to the remote communities should be dissipated instantly to avoid future complications. In this similar way, the two should submit to an organized and to an effective stabilized relationship for a better response.

scholarly journals Policy Implementation And The Promotion Of Service Delivery Within The Public Health Sector In South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Melody Brauns ◽  
Malcolm Wallis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government

The South African healthcare sector stands at the threshold of major restructuring in an attempt to address inadequacies as a result of fragmentation of health services in apartheid South Africa. The level of health services, particularly in rural areas, has decreased and has led to reduced quality and productivity of health services. For individuals residing in rural communities, access to health services can be arduous. Delivery of essential services has to meet the needs of marginalised people who live in remote areas. The health sector is reputed to be good at formulating policies, discussing ideas, making recommendations, and spending resources, but poor on implementing policies. The government insists that the policy framework is transparent and well-defined and that what is needed is effective implementation. Regrettably, the transition of policy into practice is more complex than the perceived judgement of government. Critical concerns regarding issues about how policy can be effectively implemented and who should be responsible for implementation is one of major concern.

scholarly journals The failure of community-based health insurance schemes in Tanzania: opening the black box of the implementation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadhani Kigume ◽  
Stephen Maluka
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Health Insurance ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Globally, there is increased advocacy for community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes. Like other low and middle-income countries (LMICs), Tanzania officially established the Community Health Fund (CHF) in 2001 for rural areas; and Tiba Kwa Kadi (TIKA) for urban population since 2009. This study investigated the implementation of TIKA scheme in urban districts of Tanzania. Methods A descriptive qualitative case study was conducted in four urban districts in Tanzania in 2019. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and review of documents. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data. Results While TIKA scheme was important in increasing access to health services for the poor and other disadvantaged groups, it faced many challenges which hindered its performance. The challenges included frequent stock-out of drugs and medical supplies, which frustrated TIKA members and hence contributed to non-renewal of membership. In addition, the scheme was affected by poor collections and management of the revenue collected from TIKA members, limited benefit packages and low awareness of the community. Conclusions Similar to rural-based Community Health Fund, the TIKA scheme faced structural and operational challenges which subsequently resulted into low uptake of the schemes. In order to achieve universal health coverage, the government should consider integrating or merging Community-Based Health Insurance schemes into a single national pool with decentralised arms to win national support while also maintaining local accountability.

scholarly journals The shortcomings of emergency remote teaching in rural settings of Zimbabwe during COVID-19 school closures: Lessons from China’s experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Nhongo ◽  
Baba P. Tshotsho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

Background: In the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, schools were forced to close indefinitely with no clue as to when they would reopen. Upon school closures, remote teaching was adopted, with online teaching becoming the most preferred mode of instruction, yet the Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure was not adequate enough across the country.Aim: This article scrutinises the remote teaching approaches that were put in place in Zimbabwe in response to the closure of schools during the COVID-19 lockdown. The article investigates how the adopted approaches were suitable for conditions in rural settings.Setting: The study looks at the challenges faced in the implementation of remote teaching during COVID-19 school closures in rural areas of Matabeleland provinces in Zimbabwe.Methods: The study adopted a qualitative phenomenological approach to analyse the teaching approaches that were put in place by the government and other stakeholders. Twenty teachers from 20 rural schools drawn equitably from two provinces, Matabeleland South and Matabeleland North, were interviewed on the shortcomings of these remote teaching approaches.Results: The results revealed that the remote teaching approaches that were put in place excluded learners in rural settings. This is because of the challenges in infrastructure, economic condition and restrictions on remote teaching approaches imposed by the government.Conclusion: As Zimbabwe is facing economic hardships and infrastructure development challenges, it was supposed to adopt emergency remote teaching instead of long-term approaches. A variety of approaches that suit specific physical environments should have been adopted instead of sticking to only one throughout the country.

ICTS and Their Role in Health Promotion

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motshedisi B. Sabone ◽  
Keitshokile D. Mogobe ◽  
Tiny G. Sabone
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Level Of Effort

This chapter presents findings of mini-survey that utilized an exploratory descriptive design to examine the accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and utility of ICTs with specific reference to health promotion for selected rural communities. Specifically, the study focused on access to radio, television, mobile phone, and Internet services at a level of effort and cost that is both acceptable to and within the means of a large majority in a given village. The findings indicate that ICTs gadgets explored have opened up possibility for health services and information to reach even people in the rural areas. Ultimately, access affects the general well-being of individuals. One of the major initiatives under the umbrella of health is improving access to health services and information; and this covers among other things, expanding the delivery of health information through the radio and television. This study confirms breakthrough in this respect. Challenges that accompany the use of these ICT gadgets include no connectivity in some areas and lack of training to use them.

scholarly journals Do adult health outcomes in urban population reflect local health risk? A matched cohort analysis of migration effects in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029059
Author(s):  
Philippe Bocquier ◽  
Abdramane Bassiahi Soura ◽  
Souleymane Sanogo ◽  
Sara Randall
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Access To Health

BackgroundSelective migration may affect health indicators in both urban and rural areas. Sub-Saharan African urban areas show evidence of both negative and positive selection on health status at outmigration. Health outcomes as measured in urban populations may not reflect local health risks and access to health services.MethodsUsing the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System and a migrant follow-up survey, we measured differences in health between matched non-migrants and outmigrants. We applied Cox and competing risks models on migration and death.ResultsControlling for premigration health status, migrants who moved out of Ouagadougou have higher mortality (HR 3.24, 95% CI 1.23 to 8.58) than non-migrants and migrants moving to other Ouagadougou areas. However, these effects vanish in the matched sample controlling for all interactions between death determinants. These and other results show little evidence that migration led to higher mortality or worse health.ConclusionsHealth outcomes as measured in Ouagadougou population do reflect local health risks and access to health services despite high migration intensity. However, neither the hypothesis of effect of health on migration nor the hypothesis of negative effect of migration on health or survival was confirmed.

scholarly journals Movement Disability: Situations and Factors Influencing Access to Health Services in the Northeast of Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wongkongdech ◽  
W Laohasiriwong
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
P Value ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Movement Disability

Background Persons with movement disability (PWMDs) are the biggest group of persons with disabilities (PWDs) with needs helps especially on health. There has been no evident to show health services accessibility situation of PWMDs in the Northeast of Thailand, the biggest region.Objective This study aimed to explore the current situation of accessibility to health services among PWMDs, and factors influencing such access.Method This cross-sectional study used a multistage stratified random sampling to select 462 subjects from the national registered PWMDs poll to response to a structured questionnaire. This study complies with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Khon Kaen University Ethics Committee for Human Research prior to the data collection.Result We found that most of PWMDs (66%) had overall health service accessibility at medium level. Factors influencing the access to health services were living in rural area (adj. mean diff.= -24.01; 95 % CI: -45.88 to-2.31; p-value=0.032), high income (adj. mean diff.=0.002; 95 % CI: 0.001 to 0.005; p-value = 0.044), and having offspring or spouse as care givers (adj. mean diff.=40.44; 95% CI: 7.69 to 73.19; p-value=0.044; and adj. mean diff.=48.99; 95%CI: 15.01-82.98; p-value=0.016, respectively). PWMDs who lived in rural areas had better access to health services especially to the sub-district health promoting hospital than those in the urban area.Conclusion Accessibly to health services of PWMDs still limited. Income, care givers and residential areas had influences on their access.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(3) 2014; 168-174

scholarly journals A Study of Attitude of Teachers towards Inclusive Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Shiba Singh ◽  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Ranjan Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Private Management

This study aimed to investigate the attitude of the teacher’s towards inclusive education as the attitude of teachers or executors has a significant impact on the successful implementation of inclusive education. The population of the study comprised all pre-service and in-service teachers of the Gaya district of Bihar. Out of this population, a sample of 108 pre-service & in-service teachers (associated with primary and secondary school) were selected through quota sampling technique from 11 institutions (belonging to the government and private management system). We wish to discover teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education among their different demographic variables i.e. Mode of service, Gender, Locality. An attitude of teachers towards Inclusive Education questionnaire, was used for data collection. Collected data were statistically analyzed by using Frequency counts, Mean, Standard Deviation (SD), Standard Error of Mean and ` t ` test. Among the total participants n= 108, 48.14% were pre-service teachers & 53.33% were in-service teachers, 50% teachers associated with the urban area & other 50% teachers living in rural areas, 48.14% were female & 53.33% were male. The result shows that attitude of teachers towards inclusive education was moderate to a favorable level. Pre-service and urban teachers had a more positive/favorable attitude towards inclusive education than the attitude of In-service and rural teachers, respectively. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the attitude of male and female teachers towards inclusive education.

scholarly journals Pobreza exclusión social y acceso a oportunidades vitales en la Región Puno

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Jesús E. Tumi Quispe ◽  
Alberth Jesús Tumi Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Public And Private Sector

<p>El objetivo del estudio esta centrado en caracterizar las expresiones de la exclusión social en la pobreza y en las condiciones de acceso a las oportunidades vitales de la población en la Región Puno. La investigación es de carácter seccional, descriptivo, cuantitativo y de nivel meso. Las referencias empíricas se sustentan en información oficial: Censo Nacional de población, mapa de pobreza, IDH, IDS, indicadores sectoriales (educación, salud, vivienda, saneamiento) e instrumentos de gestión estratégica y programática. Los resultados del estudio son: En la región Puno, la exclusión, como proceso sociopolítico, se expresa en la desigualdad social, la inequidad y la pobreza; cuyo resultados concretos se advierten en el acceso diferenciado a las oportunidades vitales de empleo, educación y salud. Las condiciones de acceso al empleo, de la mayoría de la población en la región Puno, denotan su carácter de inequidad y desigualdad; debido a las escasas oportunidades que tiene la población en el sector publico y privado, situación que conlleva a la generación del autoempleo o la condición de subocupado o desempleado especialmente de la población vulnerable o en situación de pobreza. Las condiciones de acceso a la educación básica en la región Puno, esta signado por su carácter excluyente, especialmente de la población en situación de pobreza y las localizadas en el área rural; denotando no solo su alto sentido de inequidad y desigualdad social, sino también, su precariedad en cuanto a la calidad de la educación. Las condiciones de acceso a los servicios de salud de la población en la región Puno, de manera análoga, denota su carácter de inequidad y exclusión social para la población vulnerable y localizada en el área rural; esta situación se agudiza, debido a que los servicios de salud que se brindan no son culturalmente adecuados.  </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The objective of this study is focused on characterizing the expressions of social exclusion in the poverty and the conditions of access to the vital opportunities of the population in the Puno region. The research is of character sectional, descriptive, quantitative and meso level. Empirical references are based on official information: National Census of Population, poverty map, IDH, IDS, sectoral indicators (education, health, housing, sanitation) and instruments of strategic and programmatic management. The results of the study are: in the Puno region, exclusion, as sociopolitical process, is expressed in the social inequality, inequality and poverty; whose concrete results are seen in the differential access to vital opportunities of employment, education and health. The conditions of access to employment, of the majority of the population in the Puno region, denote its character of inequity and inequality; Due to the limited opportunities that the population in the public and private sector, a situation that leads to the generation of self-employment or the condition of underloaded or unemployed especially of the vulnerable population or in a situation of poverty. The conditions of access to basic education in the Puno region, is marked by its exclusive nature, especially of the population in poverty and those located in rural areas; denoting not only its high sense of social inequity and inequality, but also, its precariousness in regard to the quality of education. The conditions of access to health services for the population in the Puno region, similarly, denotes his character of inequity and social exclusion for the vulnerable population and located in the rural area; this situation is exacerbated, due to the health services that are provided are not culturally appropriate.</p>

scholarly journals Enrollment of Rural Farmers’ Children into Schools in Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
O. O. Oke ◽  
A. S. Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Education is germane to liberating many people from high level of illiteracy and abject poverty. But lack of school enrollment among vulnerable children of such people living in the rural areas will further limit development, progress and the well-being they deserve. This study however was meant to assess the enrollment of rural farmers’ children into schools in Ido and Oluyole Local Government Areas, Ibadan, Oyo state. Purposive sampling technique was used for selection of the study area in the areas of Ibadan while random sampling was used to select 150 respondents from 10 communities in the 2 LGAs. Data collected were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that majority of the respondents (94.2%) were married, 63.3% were above 60 years, 50.8% of the respondents were Christian while 49.2% were Muslims. The result also revealed that the majority of the respondents had primary (45%) and no formal education (45%). The result also showed the enrolment levels of farmers’ children in schools that 49.2% of the respondents’ male children between the ranges of 2-4 are enrolled in schools with the highest percentage of enrolment about 59.2% of the respondents female children are enrolled in schools. More so, 43.3% of the total respondents’ children are enrolled in schools, implying low enrollment in schools due to their low standard of living and unemployment in the country as indicated by 61.7% of the respondents to be a challenge to school enrolment for their children. In conclusion, the government should come up with strategies of establishing program such as free education where rural farmers’ children can benefit from and also ensure access to loans to improve farm business of rural farmers, supplying them with input and improved varieties that will increase their yield with commensurate income to support the enrolment of their children in schools. This will encourage and support enrolment of their children in school and eventually improve their living standard in the society.

scholarly journals THE ISSUE OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Felix Akinrinde ◽  
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho ◽  
Israel Ogulande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
The Government

The rising incidences of poverty among rural farming families are the reason behind renewed interest in income diversification. This study determined the level of income diversification; identified alternative income sources; examined the reasons for diversification; and identified the constraints to diversification. A three-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 160 households on which a structured interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics, a Likert-type scale, and the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used for data analyses. Findings reveal that 1.3% of the households had no additional sources of income while 40.6% had at least four. Trading (55%) and livestock keeping (40.7%) were the most popular alternative income sources. The declining farm income (mean = 2.96) was the primary reason for diversification, while poor rural infrastructure (mean = 3.04) was the most severe constraint to income diversification. Farm size, access to extension services, household size, age and educational level of the household head were significantly related to the level of income diversification at p < 0.05. The study concluded that the level of income diversification was high and influenced by socioeconomic characteristics of the households. It recommends that the government should provide adequate infrastructural facilities in rural areas. Farmer associations should also ensure better prices for agricultural produce through joint marketing.

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