Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Ukrainian Factor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.А. Пархоменко
Keyword(s):  
Political Reality ◽  
The Impact

В статье проанализировано влияние украинского фактора на события советско-польской войны, рассмотрены предпосылки заключения Варшавского соглашения между Украинской Народной Республикой и Польшей, освещено участие украинских войск в боевых действиях весной — осенью 1920 г., обозначены факторы, определившие неудачу украино-польского союза в политических реалиях 1917–1920 гг. The article analyses the impact of the Ukrainian front on the course of the Polish-Soviet War. Highlighted are the participation of the Ukrainian troops in the 1920 Spring-Autumn campaign and the circumstances which led to the signing of the Treaty of Warsaw (1920). Marked are the factors of political reality in 1917–1920 which led to the failure of the Polish-Ukrainian Alliance.

Eastern Orthodoxy and Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 479-496
Author(s):  
Effie Fokas
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Eastern Orthodoxy ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the relationship between ‘Orthodoxies’ and ‘Europes’, highlighting the multiplicity of Eastern Christian Orthodox approaches and attitudes towards Europe, from one majority Orthodox national context to another and one historical period to another, ranging from anti-Europeanism (and anti-Westernism) to Europhilism. It also draws attention to differences in Orthodox stances on the idea of Europe, on the one hand, and the political reality of the European unification project, on the other. A temporal perspective is particularly relevant in changing attitudes to the European Union. Special attention is paid to external perspectives on the relationship between ‘Orthodoxy’ and ‘Europe’, often politicized and influenced by the political turmoil in the Balkans. The chapter closes with reference to the situation of flux characterizing contemporary conceptions of Europe, and the impact of the latter on ‘Orthodoxy’ in relation to ‘Europe’.

scholarly journals Production and Circulation of Vernacular Italian Books Related to the Jesuit Mission in Japan in the Sixteenth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Favi
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Editorial Policies ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Jesuit Mission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Religion And Art

The reports and histories compiled by the members of the Society of Jesus in the second half of the sixteenth century were among the earliest European sources to treat ‘Japan’ as a geographical and political reality. The peculiarity of the Jesuit approach, focused on research and adaptation, is reflected in the variety of their contents, encompassing descriptions of geography, politics, society, language, religion and art. The reports were also the earliest sources on Japan to reach a wider public in Europe. They were not only delivered to Coimbra, Rome and to the different Jesuit houses, but also distributed commercially, in the form of letter-books,  throughout Europe. It can be presumed that the impact of the letter-books on European readership was enhanced by the growing popularity of periodical publications and by the expansion of the publishing market. This paper will use the reports published in vernacular Italian as a case study, and investigate the nature of such readership and how the reports fit into the Italian book market of the sixteenth century. It will analyse them in light of the cultural and economical processes that led to their production and circulation, focusing on publishing houses, editions and formats, in order to evaluate the editorial policies that led to their circulation.

Forgotten contributions to scientific management: work and ideas of Karol Adamiecki

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart J. Debicki
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western World ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to present the work and contributions of Karol Adamiecki in comparison with Frederick Winslow Taylor and discusses the various contexts in which both scholars conducted their research. The purpose of this study is bring to light some of the main accomplishments of Adamiecki and contribute to the discussion of reasons why the work of some scholars draws wide acclaim, while similar work of others remains unnoticed. Design/methodology/approach – The background for the discussion is the work and ideas of Karol Adamiecki, a Polish engineer and manager, whose methods and findings were similar to those of Frederick Taylor and are contemporary, and, in some cases, precede those of the Father of Scientific Management. The methodology used in this study is a review of the original work of Adamiecki and Taylor to find the true meaning and purpose behind their writings, as well as a review of relevant literature regarding the context of the realities in which both scholars constructed their research. Findings – The concepts and inventions of Karol Adamiecki are, in many aspects, similar to those of Frederick Taylor and his followers. Several factors are identified and discussed which may have influenced the varied level of recognition of conceptually similar ideas evolved in different parts of the world. These factors are, among others, the socio-political reality of Eastern Europe and Poland under the influence of Russia and the Soviets as compared to that of the USA and the Western World and the support of various interest groups and government institutions, as well as the impact of the academic circles. Research limitations/implications – In today’s world of globalization reaching all aspects of life, it is necessary to recognize and acknowledge the developments emerging in different settings, regions and cultures. Furthermore, the social and political realities in which research is constructed may impact the future acceptance, dissemination and popularity of the findings and authors. Originality/value – Although some research exists outlining the work of Adamiecki, this study contributes to the body of historical management knowledge by focusing on the main accomplishments of Adamiecki based on his original writings and placing his accomplishments in a historical context in comparison to Taylor, thus analyzing the reasons for the lack of wider acclaim for Adamiecki’s contribution to scientific management.

Democratising E-Democracy

2015 ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Francesco Molinari ◽  
Maggie McPherson ◽  
Gurmit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Systems Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Action Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fundamental Action

As tensions and conflicts are inherent in modern society, the Internet can do little but project tension and conflict back to the socio-political reality. As a result, although there has been significant progress in developing e-democracy over the last decades, the authors observe that many scholars/practitioners still pay little attention to three fundamental action items for overcoming these tensions and conflicts: catering for social justice outcomes in the design stage of programmes, projects, and initiatives; appraising the ways in which people change themselves through their interaction with technologies; linking local enactments of e-democracy to global agendas and evaluation experiences. Ignoring these aspects has impeded a full appreciation of the impact of e-democracy on democracy itself. Adopting a systems change approach derived from Hargrave and Van de Ven's (2006) collective action model to define a roadmap for impact, the authors propose to leverage international e-democracy events for eliciting a collective reflection on how to dynamically (re-)configure the priorities of e-democracy. They use the example of their attempt to do this with the We Decide learning landscape to show how they are starting this reconfiguration. Basically, the intention is to enable both practitioners and researchers to build bridges that have never been there, and to open up new conversations about “democratising e-democracy.”

scholarly journals Brahmanical Patriarchy and Voices from Below: Ambedkar‘s Characterization of Women’s Emancipation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Harsha Senanayake ◽  
Samarth Trigunayat
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Western World ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWestern feminism created a revolution on the international stage urging the world to look at things through the perspective of women who were historically suppressed because of their gender, yet in many instances, it failed to address the issue of women in the Indian subcontinent because of the existence of social hierarchies that are alien concepts to the western world. As a result, the impact of western feminist thinkers was limited to only the elites in the Indian subcontinent. The idea of social hierarchy is infamously unique to the South Asian context and hence, in the view of the authors, this evil has to be fought through homegrown approaches which have to address these double disadvantages that women suffer in this part of the world. While many have tried to characterize Ambedkar’s political and social philosophy into one of the ideological labels, his philosophy was essentially ‘a persistent attempt to think things through’. It becomes important here to understand what made Ambedkar different from others; what was his social condition and his status in a hierarchal Hindu Society. As a matter of his epistemology, his research and contribution did not merely stem from any particular compartmentalized consideration of politics or society, rather it encompassed the contemporary socio-political reality taking into consideration other intersectionalities like gender and caste. The paper argues for a system of convergence of casteism and sexism rather than an isolated approach to counter the gender inequalities. This convergence is important to be considered because most of the Indian feminist thinkers of our times are qualifying patriarchy with the term ‘Brahmanical’.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Political Process: Theoretical and Methodological Issues

wisdom ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Emil ORDUKHANYAN
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Important Basis

The political process, as one of political science primary categories, is an important basis for political analysis. The political reality is created as a result of human activity, and it is connected with interrelated political interests' realization aiming to achieve predefined goals. The article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of political process based on the analysis of relevant works in this field of study. The institutional, behavioral, structural-functional approaches as well as conflict, discourse, and other methods of political process analysis are examined.   Summing up the results of explored issues, we concluded that political process is a dynamic and nonlinear political phenomenon that can vary in time, taking into account the impact of various direct or indirect factors. A comparative analysis of political process research approaches has shown that any particular approach can be efficient only in an appropriate situation and political time. In case of other circumstances' presence, the same approach cannot be applied efficiently to a precise political process. It is also necessary to consider the peculiarities of political process due to the political culture model, dominant in the given society.

Zwischen Berlin und Paris

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Philipp Lenhard
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Philosophical Idea ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Philosopher ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
The Impact

For Hegel’s German-Jewish disciples, the French Revolution marked the starting point of a history of freedom, which was to include legal and political emancipation. In many cases, however, the experiences of German-Jewish migrants in Paris were disappointing. The philosophical idea of “France” was not to be confused with its political reality. Nevertheless, the image of France served as a critical antithesis to the political situation in Germany throughout the 1820 and 1830s. The article discusses the impact of France on the political concepts of Jewish Hegelians with a focus on the jurist and political philosopher Eduard Gans.

Democratising E-Democracy

2014 ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Molinari ◽  
Maggie McPherson ◽  
Gurmit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Systems Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Action Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fundamental Action

As tensions and conflicts are inherent in modern society, the Internet can do little but project tension and conflict back to the socio-political reality. As a result, although there has been significant progress in developing e-democracy over the last decades, the authors observe that many scholars/practitioners still pay little attention to three fundamental action items for overcoming these tensions and conflicts: catering for social justice outcomes in the design stage of programmes, projects, and initiatives; appraising the ways in which people change themselves through their interaction with technologies; linking local enactments of e-democracy to global agendas and evaluation experiences. Ignoring these aspects has impeded a full appreciation of the impact of e-democracy on democracy itself. Adopting a systems change approach derived from Hargrave and Van de Ven's (2006) collective action model to define a roadmap for impact, the authors propose to leverage international e-democracy events for eliciting a collective reflection on how to dynamically (re-)configure the priorities of e-democracy. They use the example of their attempt to do this with the We Decide learning landscape to show how they are starting this reconfiguration. Basically, the intention is to enable both practitioners and researchers to build bridges that have never been there, and to open up new conversations about “democratising e-democracy.”

The Impact of Pan-Slavism on Central Europe

1961 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Hans Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Similar Concept ◽  
Pan Africanism ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Impact

Pan-slavism is one of the elusive idea-concepts which can be easily defined. But the historian can hardly say how far they correspond to a political reality which exercises a decisive impact on the course of history. A similar contemporary ideaconcept is Pan-Africanism, propagated and commended by most Africans. So far it has failed to create a political or economic union. The only example of that kind, and that on a very minor scale, the Mali Federation, dissolved after a short existence. The same holds true of another similar concept, Pan-Scandinavianism, which is approximately as old as Pan-Slavism but better based on a much closer cultural and religious affinity.

Shame, culture, and gender: rethinking the treatment model for couple therapy after an affair

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Yun Pang
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Shame Culture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Both the trauma-based and object relations treatment models for couple therapy after an affair can be counterproductive and insufficient because they do not adequately address the powerful motivators of behaviour embedded within cultural and gender norms. In this context, it is essential for therapists to be aware of the impact of culture on our sense of self and couple relationships. We need to make visible deeply internalised gender and cultural norms earlier in the therapeutic process. These hidden values often manifest themselves through the core emotion of shame. Understanding how shame operates intrapsychically, relationally, therapeutically, and socially is a critical task for practitioners. Couple therapy practice must go beyond the "trauma" of an affair to include the larger social cultural political reality.

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