Scientific Substantiation of the Innovative Model of Catering for Cadet Corps Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Novikova ◽  
SP Romanenko ◽  
MA Lobkis
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Student’S T

Introduction: In the Russian Federation, much attention is traditionally paid to military education and training. A special place in its structure is occupied by the system of cadet classes and corps. A distinctive feature of the learning mode in such institutions is a combined effect of standard and specific factors of indoor school environment and intensive physical activity owing to sports, applied military and drill training. No evidence-based methods of establishing nutrient requirements of children in modern conditions of cadet corps have been developed so far, which predetermines the potential of transforming nutrition from a health-saving factor into a health risk factor. Our objective was to provide a scientific substantiation of the model of healthy nutrition for students of cadet-type educational establishments. Methods: The statistical significance of the correlation was evaluated using the Student’s t-test. Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess cause-and-effect relationships. The Pearson correlation coefficient (rxy) was used as an indicator of the strength of the relationship between quantitative indicators x and y, both having a normal distribution. Correlation coefficient (rxy) values were interpreted in accordance with the Chaddock scale. For the purpose of statistical modeling, the method of multiple linear regressions was used. Conclusions: We substantiated the innovative model of organizing healthy nutrition for students of cadet-type schools based on the correlation and regression analyses with determination of statistical significance of the studied characteristics. Its efficiency indicators include an increase in average functional capabilities of students by more than 10 % and a reduction in the probability of developmental disorders by more than 25 %.

Accuracy of ultrasound in estimating fetal weight and growth discordancy in triplet pregnancies

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Weissman ◽  
Emad Matanes ◽  
Arie Drugan
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Multiple Gestations ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
Biometric Measurements

AbstractSonographic estimation of fetal weight is a fundamental part of the routine obstetrical practice and may affect management decisions particularly in multiple gestations. The data available on the accuracy of sonographic estimation of fetal weight in triplets are very limited. In the present study we investigated the accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation and discordancy in triplet gestations.We analyzed the sonographic data of 33 sets of triplets born at one medical center between January 2001 and March 2013. Estimated fetal weight was calculated from biometric measurements and compared with actual neonatal weights following delivery. The Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression analyses, and Bland-Altman method were used for statistical comparisons.The differences between predicted and actual birth weights (ABW) were <10% in 69 newborns (70%), 10%–20% in 19 newborns (19%), and more than 20% in 11 newborns (11%). There was a good correlation between predicted and ABW (correlation coefficient=0.928,Weight assessment in triplets does not fall behind that of singletons or twins, and decisions based upon these examinations are reliable in the majority of cases.

scholarly journals Adaptation and validation of the Caregiver Burden Inventory for use with caregivers of elderly individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiany Borghetti Valer ◽  
Marinês Aires ◽  
Fernanda Lais Fengler ◽  
Lisiane Manganelli Girardi Paskulin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Student’S T

OBJECTIVE: to adapt and validate the Caregiver Burden Inventory for use with caregivers of older adults in Brazil.METHOD: methodological study involving initial translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, expert committee review, pre-testing, submission of the final version to the original authors, and assessment of the inventory's psychometric properties. The inventory assesses five dimensions of caregiver burden: time-dependence, developmental, physical, social and emotional dimensions.RESULTS: a total of 120 family caregivers took part in the study. All care-receivers were older adults dependent on assistance to perform activities of daily living, and lived in the central region of the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Cronbach's alpha value for the inventory was 0.936, and the Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between the scores obtained on the Caregiver Burden Inventory and the Burden Interview was 0.814. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.941, and the value of Student's T-test comparing test and retest scores was 0.792.CONCLUSION: the instrument presented adequate reliability and the suitability of its items and factors was confirmed in this study.

scholarly journals Designing Studies and Evaluating Research Results: Type M and Type S Errors for Pearson Correlation Coefficient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Bertoldo ◽  
Claudio Zandonella Callegher ◽  
Gianmarco Altoè
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Effect Size Estimation

It is widely appreciated that many studies in psychological science suffer from low statistical power. One of the consequences of analyzing underpowered studies with thresholds of statistical significance, is a high risk of finding exaggerated effect size estimates, in the right or in the wrong direction. These inferential risks can be directly quantified in terms of Type M (magnitude) error and Type S (sign) error, which directly communicate the consequences of design choices on effect size estimation. Given a study design, Type M error is the factor by which a statistically significant effect is on average exaggerated. Type S error is the probability to find a statistically significant result in the opposite direction to the plausible one. Ideally, these errors should be considered during a prospective design analysis in the design phase of a study to determine the appropriate sample size. However, they can also be considered when evaluating studies’ results in a retrospective design analysis. In the present contribution we aim to facilitate the considerations of these errors in the research practice in psychology. For this reason we illustrate how to consider Type M and Type S errors in a design analysis using one of the most common effect size measures in psychology: Pearson correlation coefficient. We provide various examples and make the R functions freely available to enable researchers to perform design analysis for their research projects.

scholarly journals Managing risk in ski resorts: Environmental factors affecting actual and estimated speed on signposted groomed slopes in a cohort of adult recreational alpine skiers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256349
Author(s):  
Luis Carus ◽  
Isabel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Ski Resorts

Background Certain weather conditions are clearly harmful, increasing the risk of injury of winter sports participants substantially. The objective of this study was to investigate actual speeds of skiers on signposted groomed slopes and to measure their skill to accurately estimate them with regard to environmental conditions such as visibility, sky cover, snow quality, wind and temperature. Methods The data were obtained from a sample of 421 adult recreational skiers taking ski courses. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore the relationship between actual and estimated speed for all participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to measure the effect of environmental conditions on both the skiers’ actual speeds and their errors of estimation. Values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results The Pearson correlation coefficient between estimated and actual speed was 0.90 (P < 0.001). Skiers underestimated their actual speed on average by 13.06 km/h or 24.1%. Visibility, quality of snow and wind speed were shown to significantly affect both actual maximum speed and estimated speed. Good visibility, grippy snow and calm wind were associated with both the highest actual maximum speed and the lowest ability to estimate it. Conclusion Certain environmental conditions are associated with the actual speed at which skiers travel and with their ability to estimate it. Visibility, quality of snow and wind speed seem to influence both actual speed and the ability to estimate it while sky cover and temperature do not. A reinforced understanding of skiing speed on signposted groomed slopes is useful to gain insight into crashes and the mechanisms of resulting injuries, to evaluate means of protection and to devise successful prevention policies in ski resorts.

scholarly journals Effect of gender, muscle type and skinfold thickness on myometric parameters in young people

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12367
Author(s):  
Joanna Mencel ◽  
Anna Jaskólska ◽  
Jaroslaw Marusiak ◽  
Katarzyna Kisiel-Sajewicz ◽  
Magdalena Siemiatycka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Males And Females

Background The aim of the study was to compare the mechanical properties of three human skeletal muscles: biceps brachii (BB), rectus femoris (RF), and tibialis anterior (TA) at rest measured by myoton device in males (n = 16, mean age 21.2 ± 0.6 years) and females (n = 16; 21.2 ± 0.9 years) and to investigate the influence of skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness (skinfold thickness, SFT) and gender on myometric parameters of the three skeletal muscles. Methods We measured the following mechanical and viscoelastic muscle properties using MyotonPRO®: frequency (F [Hz]), decrement (D [log]), stiffness (S [N/m]), relaxation time (R [ms]) and creepability (C [De]). The values of SFT for all selected muscles were assessed by caliper. A mixed-design analysis of variance with gender as between subject comparison was used for assessing the differences between gender and muscles in SFT and each of the myometric parameters separately (F, D, S, R and C). Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between SFT and myometric parameters was conducted for males, females and males and females together. The level of statistical significance was set at α ≤ 0.05 with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results The SFT over the RF, TA, and BB muscles in women was statistically significantly larger compared with that of males. In females and males, the SFT over the RF was larger than over the TA and BB, and the SFT over the TA was larger compared with over the BB. The values of F and S recorded for the TA muscle were the highest among the three muscles, while D, C, and R were lowest in TA but highest in the RF muscle in men and women. The values of F and S were smaller in females than in males. Gender comparison of D, C, and R values showed that only D for the RF was significantly lower in females than in males, and C for the RF and TA was significantly larger in females than in males. Some correlation between SFT and myometric parameters were different between males and females. For example, there was a significant, negative correlation between SFT and F for all muscles in females, and a significant, positive correlation between these parameters for BB and TA (not for RF) in males. For pooled data (males and females together), a negative significant correlation between SFT and F was observed for RF and TA (not significant for BB muscle). Discussion It is concluded that the TA compared with the BB and RF has significantly greater F and S but the smallest D and C and the shortest R. Gender and muscle differences in the SFT may affect the measurements of muscle properties using MyotonPRO®. The relationship between SFT and myometric parameters is different in males and females in the RF, TA, and BB muscles. Therefore, the myometric data should be analyzed in males and females separately.

scholarly journals Estimation of Stature from Second and Fourth Digit Lengths in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Şükriye Deniz Mutluay ◽  
Memduha Gülhal Bozkır
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
P Values ◽  
Fourth Digit ◽  
The Right

Objectives: Estimating stature from long extremity bones, such as femur, humerus, is commonly usedduring forensic examinations. The aim of this study is to estimate stature by anthropometric measurements of right and left-hands second (2D) and fourth digit (4D) lengths. Method:The sample group consisted of 140 young adults, 70 male and 70 females (aged 21-19 years), whose 2D and 4D lengths were measured (using digital vernier caliper) of their left and right hands. One measurement was taken directly from landmarks from the proximal metacarpophalangeal crease to the finger tips. The program SPSS (Version 17.0) was used to make a descriptive analysis, Student’s t-test was usedto analyze the difference in height 2D and 4D between males and females. One-way ANOVA was usedto determine the potential interactions between anthropometric measurements within each other and stature. Pearson Correlation coefficient and related P values were also used. Statistical significance was assigned to p values <0.05. Linear and multiple regressions were also developed. Results:The differences between the right-and the left fingers length values were statistically significant for both sexes (p<0.001). In all, the measurements of males were significantly higher than females. The correlation coefficients between stature and the measurements of second and fourth digit were found to be positive and statistically significant. The highest correlation coefficient between stature and digit length for males regarded the right second digit (r=0.505), and for females, the left second digit (r=0.596). Regression equations were checked for accuracy by comparing the estimated stature and actual stature. Conclusion: Both regression models can...

scholarly journals Design and Validation of an integrated Objective Structured Clinical Examination (i-OSCE) for non-surgical aesthetics program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Eqram Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Global Rating

Abstract Introduction: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a popular and practical method for evaluating trainee physicians’ competencies. To help assess non-surgical aesthetics students’ critical thinking and relevant abilities, we developed a novel assessment tool based on the OSCE, the i-OSCE (Integrated objective structured Clinical examination).Methods: Initially, an expert panel consisting of 5 Aesthetic Practitioners with over fifteen years of experience and a senior clinical academic were selected to develop a blueprint for i-OSCE. Through this blueprint, essential qualities and skills were identified for the assessment. To ensure the process standardisation, training workshops for examiners and simulated patients were organised. The final i-OSCE consisted of 12 stations (four clinical, four critical thinking, and four rest stations lasting 180 minutes.Results: The Interclass correlation coefficient between the station checklist items was 0.946 (average measure upper bound 0.916, lower bound 0.968; p < 0.00), considered to be significant. The Inter-Item Correlation Matrix among the clinical station checklist and critical thinking checklist items also showed statistical significance. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) used to ascertain the correlation between checklist rating and global rating, yielding a high correlation (0.80 to 0.934).Conclusion: The i-OSCE has been proven to be a useful and reliable assessment tool to evaluate clinical competence and critical thinking in non-surgical aesthetics education.

scholarly journals Comparison between the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and gait speed (GS) during outpatient cardiac rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Rossini ◽  
E Venturini ◽  
L Barni ◽  
O Dardi ◽  
E Bonaguidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): USL TOSCANA CENTRO USL TOSCANA NORD-OVEST Background 6MWT is the gold standard for the functional and prognostic evaluation of patients (P) undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR), documenting the increase in exercise capacity induced by CR intervention. However, 6MWT requires an adequate space of at least 30 meters and a non-negligible operator time. GS has been proposed as a test of rapid execution, that can be performed even in a small space. Due to the limited experiences, the aim of the present study was to validate GS in CR in comparison with 6MWT. Material and Methods 44 P (31 males and 13 females; age 68.2 ± 11.9 years) were enrolled consecutively in an outpatient rehabilitation program; 20 of them after cardiac surgery, 18 after acute cardiac syndrome and 6 with heart failure. After evaluating equilibrium and gait with the Tinetti scale (score ≥ 19), P performed 6MWT and GS at the beginning and at the end of the CR program. The speed at GS was calculated as the average of 3 tests. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. The results of 6MWT and GS at the initial and the final evaluation were compared with Student’s t-test for paired data (statistical significance at p &lt;0.05). The Pearson correlation index (r) was calculated to evaluate the linearity relationship between distance traveled at 6MWT and velocity at GS; the  statistical significance was tested with ANOVA. The Statistical Package SPSS (version 24) was used for statistical analysis. Results the meters traveled at the initial and the final 6MWT were 434 ± 100 and 491 ± 96 respectively (p &lt;0.001). The velocity in m/sec at the initial and the final GS was 1.68 ± 0.42 and 1.80 ± 0.44 respectively (p &lt;0.001). The correlation between meters traveled and velocity is strong at baseline (r = 0.896) and after CR (r = 0.859), with p &lt;0.001 in both cases. Conclusions certainly, aerobic capacity and resistance to exercise are better described by 6MWT. However, given the strong correlation between the distance traveled at 6MWT and the speed at GS, the latter test can be proposed as a tool for a rapid, precise and repeatable functional evaluation, even in clinical settings other than CR.

scholarly journals Inter-rater Reliability of a Portable Ultrasound for the Quadriceps and Hamstrings Thickness Measurement in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soul Cheon ◽  
Eunwook Chang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Portable Ultrasound

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the inter-rater reliability of a portable ultrasound device for measuring the muscle thickness of the quadriceps and hamstrings in healthy subjects.METHODS: Thirty-six subjects (20 males, 16 females, age 22.2±2.0 years, mass 67.4±11.3 kg, height 171.7±9.6 cm) participated as subjects and two examiners attended. The thickness of the quadriceps was measured in order of rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius (VI), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus medialis oblique (VMO). The hamstring thickness was measured in order of biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM). Three measurements were taken for each muscle by one examiner. Using image J software, the average thickness was calculated from the measured image. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used in order to identify inter-rater reliability, and the statistical significance level was set to <i>p</i><.05.RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficient for inter-examiner reliability of ultrasound showed moderate-to-high level for all assessed muscle. In quadriceps, the values were significantly correlated ranged from 0.62 to 0.90 and in hamstrings the value were relatively low with values of 0.57 to 0.68.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicated that portable ultrasound was a reliable method for measuring the quadriceps and hamstring muscle thickness. Therefore, it could be used as a useful assessment tool in future studies to assess various skeletal muscle thicknesses.

scholarly journals Another Assessment of Fat Degeneration of Retracted Supraspinatus Muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Yeon Seok Jeong ◽  
Jae Kwang Yum ◽  
Sang Yoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tear ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Supraspinatus Muscle ◽  
Cuff Tear ◽  
Goutallier Classification

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the relevance of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation by occupation ratio (OR) at maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle.METHODS: Patients from the Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital who received rotator cuff repair and underwent pre- and postoperative MRI were selected as subjects of this study. On T1-weighted MRIs, OR of fat and muscle at Y-shaped view, OR at a location on supraspinatus muscle where its diameter was maximum on coronal view, and pre- and postoperative Goutallier Classification and changes in the tangent sign were measured. Statistical significance of postoperative OR was assessed regarding time from symptom onset to surgery, size of rotator cuff tear, preoperative OR, and the difference between ORs measured at maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle and Y-shaped view.RESULTS: Preoperative OR at Y-shaped view was 52.28 ± 8.57 (32.5?65.3). Preoperative OR difference between maximum diameter and Y-shaped view was 13.76 ± 10.51 (2.38?42.04), and Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.604 (p=0.001). Postoperative OR at Y-shaped view was 63.77 ± 9.35 (37.3?76.1). Pearson correlation coefficient of pre- and postoperative Goutallier Classification was ?0.579 (p=0.002) and Pearson correlation coefficient of the postoperative difference between ORs measured at maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle and Y-shaped view was ?0.386 (p=0.047).CONCLUSIONS: Fatty degeneration of supraspinatus muscle in rotator cuff tear patients should be evaluated not only in the conventional Y-shaped view, but also at location of maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle to establish patients' therapeutic plan.

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