scholarly journals Effect of gender, muscle type and skinfold thickness on myometric parameters in young people

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12367
Author(s):  
Joanna Mencel ◽  
Anna Jaskólska ◽  
Jaroslaw Marusiak ◽  
Katarzyna Kisiel-Sajewicz ◽  
Magdalena Siemiatycka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Males And Females

Background The aim of the study was to compare the mechanical properties of three human skeletal muscles: biceps brachii (BB), rectus femoris (RF), and tibialis anterior (TA) at rest measured by myoton device in males (n = 16, mean age 21.2 ± 0.6 years) and females (n = 16; 21.2 ± 0.9 years) and to investigate the influence of skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness (skinfold thickness, SFT) and gender on myometric parameters of the three skeletal muscles. Methods We measured the following mechanical and viscoelastic muscle properties using MyotonPRO®: frequency (F [Hz]), decrement (D [log]), stiffness (S [N/m]), relaxation time (R [ms]) and creepability (C [De]). The values of SFT for all selected muscles were assessed by caliper. A mixed-design analysis of variance with gender as between subject comparison was used for assessing the differences between gender and muscles in SFT and each of the myometric parameters separately (F, D, S, R and C). Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between SFT and myometric parameters was conducted for males, females and males and females together. The level of statistical significance was set at α ≤ 0.05 with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results The SFT over the RF, TA, and BB muscles in women was statistically significantly larger compared with that of males. In females and males, the SFT over the RF was larger than over the TA and BB, and the SFT over the TA was larger compared with over the BB. The values of F and S recorded for the TA muscle were the highest among the three muscles, while D, C, and R were lowest in TA but highest in the RF muscle in men and women. The values of F and S were smaller in females than in males. Gender comparison of D, C, and R values showed that only D for the RF was significantly lower in females than in males, and C for the RF and TA was significantly larger in females than in males. Some correlation between SFT and myometric parameters were different between males and females. For example, there was a significant, negative correlation between SFT and F for all muscles in females, and a significant, positive correlation between these parameters for BB and TA (not for RF) in males. For pooled data (males and females together), a negative significant correlation between SFT and F was observed for RF and TA (not significant for BB muscle). Discussion It is concluded that the TA compared with the BB and RF has significantly greater F and S but the smallest D and C and the shortest R. Gender and muscle differences in the SFT may affect the measurements of muscle properties using MyotonPRO®. The relationship between SFT and myometric parameters is different in males and females in the RF, TA, and BB muscles. Therefore, the myometric data should be analyzed in males and females separately.

Scientific Substantiation of the Innovative Model of Catering for Cadet Corps Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Novikova ◽  
SP Romanenko ◽  
MA Lobkis
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Student’S T

Introduction: In the Russian Federation, much attention is traditionally paid to military education and training. A special place in its structure is occupied by the system of cadet classes and corps. A distinctive feature of the learning mode in such institutions is a combined effect of standard and specific factors of indoor school environment and intensive physical activity owing to sports, applied military and drill training. No evidence-based methods of establishing nutrient requirements of children in modern conditions of cadet corps have been developed so far, which predetermines the potential of transforming nutrition from a health-saving factor into a health risk factor. Our objective was to provide a scientific substantiation of the model of healthy nutrition for students of cadet-type educational establishments. Methods: The statistical significance of the correlation was evaluated using the Student’s t-test. Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess cause-and-effect relationships. The Pearson correlation coefficient (rxy) was used as an indicator of the strength of the relationship between quantitative indicators x and y, both having a normal distribution. Correlation coefficient (rxy) values were interpreted in accordance with the Chaddock scale. For the purpose of statistical modeling, the method of multiple linear regressions was used. Conclusions: We substantiated the innovative model of organizing healthy nutrition for students of cadet-type schools based on the correlation and regression analyses with determination of statistical significance of the studied characteristics. Its efficiency indicators include an increase in average functional capabilities of students by more than 10 % and a reduction in the probability of developmental disorders by more than 25 %.

scholarly journals Level of the growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Kardiologiia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
A. A. Sabirzyanova ◽  
A. S. Galyavich ◽  
L. V. Baleeva ◽  
Z. M. Galeeva
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
St Segment

Aim To reveal relationships between growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and laboratory and instrumental indexes in patients with myocardial infarction in acute phase.Material and methods The study included 118 patients younger than 70 years with ST-segment elevation or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). For these patients, GDF-15 was measured by enzyme immunoassay within 48 h of MI clinical onset along with a routine examination. Statistical significance of differences in qualitative variables was assessed by the Student’s t-test for normal distribution and by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test; significance of differences in quantitative variables was assessed by the Pearson’s chi-squared test. The presence of a relationship between quantitative variables was assessed with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results For patients with MI, mean GDF-15 concentration was 2.25±1.0 ng/ml. Moderate correlations were found for GDF-15 and levels of natriuretic peptide (r=0.36, p<0.01), white blood cells (r=0.32, p<0.01), and ejection fraction (Simpson rule) (r=-0.32, p<0.01); weak correlations were found with levels of troponin I (r=0.21, p=0.02) and urea (r=0.20, p=0.04), and interventricular septal thickness by echocardiography (r= -0.26, p<0.01). GDF-15 was higher in patients with ST-segment elevation MI (2.36±1.02 vs 1.99±0.96, p<0.05) and in the presence of hypo- or akinetic areas (2.35±1.05 vs 1.85±0.70, p<0.05). No dependence of GDF-15 on the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors was observed.Conclusion GDF-15 correlates with major markers of myocardial injury; its level is higher in patients with ST-segment elevation MI regardless of the infarct location.

scholarly journals Designing Studies and Evaluating Research Results: Type M and Type S Errors for Pearson Correlation Coefficient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Bertoldo ◽  
Claudio Zandonella Callegher ◽  
Gianmarco Altoè
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Effect Size Estimation

It is widely appreciated that many studies in psychological science suffer from low statistical power. One of the consequences of analyzing underpowered studies with thresholds of statistical significance, is a high risk of finding exaggerated effect size estimates, in the right or in the wrong direction. These inferential risks can be directly quantified in terms of Type M (magnitude) error and Type S (sign) error, which directly communicate the consequences of design choices on effect size estimation. Given a study design, Type M error is the factor by which a statistically significant effect is on average exaggerated. Type S error is the probability to find a statistically significant result in the opposite direction to the plausible one. Ideally, these errors should be considered during a prospective design analysis in the design phase of a study to determine the appropriate sample size. However, they can also be considered when evaluating studies’ results in a retrospective design analysis. In the present contribution we aim to facilitate the considerations of these errors in the research practice in psychology. For this reason we illustrate how to consider Type M and Type S errors in a design analysis using one of the most common effect size measures in psychology: Pearson correlation coefficient. We provide various examples and make the R functions freely available to enable researchers to perform design analysis for their research projects.

scholarly journals Managing risk in ski resorts: Environmental factors affecting actual and estimated speed on signposted groomed slopes in a cohort of adult recreational alpine skiers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256349
Author(s):  
Luis Carus ◽  
Isabel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Ski Resorts

Background Certain weather conditions are clearly harmful, increasing the risk of injury of winter sports participants substantially. The objective of this study was to investigate actual speeds of skiers on signposted groomed slopes and to measure their skill to accurately estimate them with regard to environmental conditions such as visibility, sky cover, snow quality, wind and temperature. Methods The data were obtained from a sample of 421 adult recreational skiers taking ski courses. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore the relationship between actual and estimated speed for all participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to measure the effect of environmental conditions on both the skiers’ actual speeds and their errors of estimation. Values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results The Pearson correlation coefficient between estimated and actual speed was 0.90 (P < 0.001). Skiers underestimated their actual speed on average by 13.06 km/h or 24.1%. Visibility, quality of snow and wind speed were shown to significantly affect both actual maximum speed and estimated speed. Good visibility, grippy snow and calm wind were associated with both the highest actual maximum speed and the lowest ability to estimate it. Conclusion Certain environmental conditions are associated with the actual speed at which skiers travel and with their ability to estimate it. Visibility, quality of snow and wind speed seem to influence both actual speed and the ability to estimate it while sky cover and temperature do not. A reinforced understanding of skiing speed on signposted groomed slopes is useful to gain insight into crashes and the mechanisms of resulting injuries, to evaluate means of protection and to devise successful prevention policies in ski resorts.

scholarly journals Synchronization of business cycles in the selected European countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Obradovic ◽  
Vladimir Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Optimum Currency Area ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Currency Area ◽  
Optimum Currency

The synchronization of business cycles represents one of the conditions that countries have to fulfil to become part of an optimum currency area, as well as a condition for the efficient implementation of a common economic policy in these countries. This paper examines the extent to which Serbia and its neighbouring countries fulfil these conditions, taking the euro area as an optimum currency area. By applying the Hodrick-Prescott and the band-pass filters, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, this paper examines the synchronization of business cycles in these countries. Taking Serbia as an example, the influence of the foreign trade volume between two countries on the similarity of their business cycles is tested. The results show a lower harmonization of business cycles in Serbia with those in the euro area, when compared with the selected neighbouring countries, and do not confirm the thesis on the influence of the foreign trade volume on the harmonization of business cycles.

Improved Temporal Pooling for Perceptual Video Quality Assessment Using VMAF

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
pp. 68-1-68-6
Author(s):  
Sophia Batsi ◽  
Lisimachos P. Kondi
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Perceptual Video Quality ◽  
Multimethod Assessment

The Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) method, proposed by Netflix, offers an automated estimation of perceptual video quality for each frame of a video sequence. Then, the arithmetic mean of the per-frame quality measurements is taken by default, in order to obtain an estimate of the overall Quality of Experience (QoE) of the video sequence. In this paper, we validate the hypothesis that the arithmetic mean conceals the bad quality frames, leading to an overestimation of the provided quality. We also show that the Minkowski mean (appropriately parametrized) approximates well the subjectively measured QoE, providing superior Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient (SRCC), Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), and Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) scores.

The needs of people with mental health problems and their carers’ burden - polish study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 523-523
Author(s):  
M. Ciałkowska-Kuźmińska ◽  
P. Piotrowski ◽  
A. Kiejna
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionWorld studies show associations between social consequences of carers’ involvement and level of individuals’ met and unmet needs.ObjectivesIn Poland not much interest has been put to studies of psychiatric patients’ needs and carers’ burden. Due to this fact most of care programmes have been developed on the basis of authors’ personal experiences or academic knowledge.AimsTo obtain data regarding met and unmet patients’ needs and the impact on carers’ burden in Polish socioeconomic reality.Methods60 psychotic inpatients were examined with CSHI, BPRS and CANSAS. Their 60 direct carers’ personally completed IEQ, GHQ-12 and assessed own opinions about patients’ needs with CANSAS questionnaire. Patients unable to give informed consent, alcohol/drug dependent, mentally retarded/demented or with personality disorder were excluded along with patients below 18 and over 65 years of age.Statistics includedThe Pearson correlation coefficient, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, Kendall’s tau coefficient.ResultsResults show significant relation between duration of the disorder and number of unmet needs assessed by individuals. Patients’ met needs are positively associated with carers IEQ results - subscales tension and worrying. Carers evaluation of patients’ unmet needs correlates with their IEQ results - subscales tension, worrying and urging. Overall number of patients’ needs indicated by carers correlates positively with carers’ results of IEQ subscale - urging.ConclusionsThe higher rate of patients’ unmet needs the higher burden they are imposed to. Results of the study are important in planning of interventions towards psychiatric patients and their direct carers.

scholarly journals Measuring the Impact of Statistical Techniques for Computation of Weighting Factors in Avalanche Forecasting Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 886-891
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Avalanche Forecasting ◽  
Weighting Factors ◽  
The Impact

Avalanche forecasting is an important measure required for the safety of the people residing in hilly regions. Snow avalanches are caused due to the changes that occur in the snow and weather conditions. The prominent changes, that cause the variations which further culminate into an avalanche, can be given higher significance in the forecasting model by application of appropriate weights. These weights are decided based on the relation of each weather parameter to snow avalanche occurrence by the forecaster with the help of historical data. A method is proposed in the current work that can help in removing this subjectivity by using correlation coefficients. Present work explores the use of Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and Kendall Tau correlation coefficient to obtain the weighting factors for each parameter used for avalanche forecasting. These parameters are further used in the cosine similarity based nearest neighbour model for avalanche forecasting. Bias and Peirce’s Skill Score are performance measures used to evaluate the outcome of the experimental work.

scholarly journals Estimation of Stature from Second and Fourth Digit Lengths in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Şükriye Deniz Mutluay ◽  
Memduha Gülhal Bozkır
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
P Values ◽  
Fourth Digit ◽  
The Right

Objectives: Estimating stature from long extremity bones, such as femur, humerus, is commonly usedduring forensic examinations. The aim of this study is to estimate stature by anthropometric measurements of right and left-hands second (2D) and fourth digit (4D) lengths. Method:The sample group consisted of 140 young adults, 70 male and 70 females (aged 21-19 years), whose 2D and 4D lengths were measured (using digital vernier caliper) of their left and right hands. One measurement was taken directly from landmarks from the proximal metacarpophalangeal crease to the finger tips. The program SPSS (Version 17.0) was used to make a descriptive analysis, Student’s t-test was usedto analyze the difference in height 2D and 4D between males and females. One-way ANOVA was usedto determine the potential interactions between anthropometric measurements within each other and stature. Pearson Correlation coefficient and related P values were also used. Statistical significance was assigned to p values <0.05. Linear and multiple regressions were also developed. Results:The differences between the right-and the left fingers length values were statistically significant for both sexes (p<0.001). In all, the measurements of males were significantly higher than females. The correlation coefficients between stature and the measurements of second and fourth digit were found to be positive and statistically significant. The highest correlation coefficient between stature and digit length for males regarded the right second digit (r=0.505), and for females, the left second digit (r=0.596). Regression equations were checked for accuracy by comparing the estimated stature and actual stature. Conclusion: Both regression models can...

scholarly journals Design and Validation of an integrated Objective Structured Clinical Examination (i-OSCE) for non-surgical aesthetics program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Eqram Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Global Rating

Abstract Introduction: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a popular and practical method for evaluating trainee physicians’ competencies. To help assess non-surgical aesthetics students’ critical thinking and relevant abilities, we developed a novel assessment tool based on the OSCE, the i-OSCE (Integrated objective structured Clinical examination).Methods: Initially, an expert panel consisting of 5 Aesthetic Practitioners with over fifteen years of experience and a senior clinical academic were selected to develop a blueprint for i-OSCE. Through this blueprint, essential qualities and skills were identified for the assessment. To ensure the process standardisation, training workshops for examiners and simulated patients were organised. The final i-OSCE consisted of 12 stations (four clinical, four critical thinking, and four rest stations lasting 180 minutes.Results: The Interclass correlation coefficient between the station checklist items was 0.946 (average measure upper bound 0.916, lower bound 0.968; p < 0.00), considered to be significant. The Inter-Item Correlation Matrix among the clinical station checklist and critical thinking checklist items also showed statistical significance. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) used to ascertain the correlation between checklist rating and global rating, yielding a high correlation (0.80 to 0.934).Conclusion: The i-OSCE has been proven to be a useful and reliable assessment tool to evaluate clinical competence and critical thinking in non-surgical aesthetics education.

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