Paradigms in Political Science Revisited

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Mona Abul-Fadl
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The West ◽  
Moral Ideals ◽  
Cultural Forces ◽  
To Come ◽  
Do So

It is time for Muslim political scientists to come together to debate thestate of the art in their field and to define the grounds and terms for its prospectiveevolution or transformation in the light of alternative perspectives.The underlying assumptions which provide the parameters and the key conceptswhich they currently apply in the course of their normal practice shouldno longer be assumed but should be questioned. To do so, they will needto be made explicit and examined in a new light. The developments of thepast decade make this imminent in more than one way. ln the West the souJsearchingamong social scientists bas intensified and contributed to shakingthe profession out of its complacency. The resulting meta-critique has heightenedcritical awareness.The decade has also coincided with a dawning epistemic consciousnessamong Muslims. Conscientious scholars and intellectuals have staked theirclaims to autonomy on the grounds of a critical disaffection with their field.Perceived disjunctures bred that kind of essential tension which prompteda review of foundational dimensions of consciousness and being. They identifiedtheir source in dissonant cultural forces and processes comprising education,socialization and the reproduction of knowledge, values, and symbolsas underlying the continuities and discontinuities in the fabric of the Ummah.This constituted the diagnosed malaise.' In this process of critical introspection,the idea of the Islamization of knowledge was conceived. Itsnatural focus was the state of modem knowledge and its modes of diffusionand transmission along the educational and cultural arteries in the Ummah.It contested the myth of modem sciences as value-free, a myth that was particularlydominant within Muslim societies themselves. Claims to valueneutralitywere not only questionable as empirical reality, but they were evenmore dubious and questionable as a moral ideals ...

Paradigms in Political Science Revisited

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Mona Abul Fadl
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The West ◽  
Moral Ideals ◽  
Cultural Forces ◽  
To Come ◽  
Do So

A CONVOCATIONIt is time for Muslim political scientists to come together to debate thestate of the art in their field and to define the grounds and terms for its prospectiveevolution or transformation in the light of alternative perspectives.The underlying assumptions which provide the parameters and the key conceptswhich they currently apply in the course of their normal practice shouldno longer be assumed but should be questioned. To do so, they will needto be made explicit and examined in a new light. The developments of thepast decade make this imminent in more than one way. ln the West the souJsearchingamong social scientists bas intensified and contributed to shakingthe profession out of its complacency. The resulting meta-critique has heightenedcritical awareness.The decade has also coincided with a dawning epistemic consciousnessamong Muslims. Conscientious scholars and intellectuals have staked theirclaims to autonomy on the grounds of a critical disaffection with their field. Perceived disjunctures bred that kind of essential tension which prompteda review of foundational dimensions of consciousness and being. They identifiedtheir source in dissonant cultural forces and processes comprising education,socialization and the reproduction of knowledge, values, and symbolsas underlying the continuities and discontinuities in the fabric of the Ummah.This constituted the diagnosed malaise. In this process of critical introspection,the idea of the Islamization of knowledge was conceived. Itsnatural focus was the state of modem knowledge and its modes of diffusionand transmission along the educational and cultural arteries in the Ummah.It contested the myth of modem sciences as value-free, a myth that was particularlydominant within Muslim societies themselves. Claims to valueneutralitywere not only questionable as empirical reality, but they were evenmore dubious and questionable as a moral ideals ...

The State of Social Sciences in Iran

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The University

The term “social sciences” (‘ulūm-i-ijtimā’ī) has gained currency in Iran only during the last fifteen years or so, but some of the disciplines falling within its purview have been in existence for a longer period. Thus the first institution for teaching political science was established in 1899, and the first chair of sociology was created in 19 35 in the University of Tehran. Besides, iike Molière’s bourgeois gentillhomme who belatedly realized that he had been making prose all his life without being aware of it, some Iranian scholars too have long been engaged in writing, translating and conducting research on social problems or using sociological concepts without being conscious of themselves as social scientists.Since from a chronological viewpoint, political science appeared in Iran prior to other disciplines of social sciences and its studies involve problems of a distinct nature, the present paper is divided into two parts: the first dealing with political science, and the second with sociology and related disciplines.

Guest Editors’ Introduction to the Power of Performance—the Performance of Power Forum

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Till Förster ◽  
Aïdas Sanogo
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
West African ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
West African Savannah ◽  
Do So

Abstract:The West African savannah is an area where old and new institutions fill the lacunae that limited statehood has left. Some of them claim a long history, others have emerged recently as a reaction to military and civil crises. The performance of power, its display and presentation, is a theme that all these associations share. They do so on different occasions and by different means, which highlights their diverging ethics and attitudes towards their local communities and the state. This introduction to the guest edited forum outlines central themes of these performances and discusses performativity in West African power associations.

Washing Away the Sins of Debt: The Nineteenth-Century Eradication of the Debtors' Prison

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Do So ◽  
Reform Debate

AbstractThis article seeks to come to terms with the extraordinarily swift demise of the debtors' prison in multiple countries during the nineteenth century. While focusing primarily on the reform debate in England, I argue that the debtors' prison quickly came to be seen as a barbaric aberration within the expanding commercial life of the nineteenth century. By turning to a copious pamphletic literature from the era of its demise, I show how pamphleteers and eye-witnesses described the debtors' prison in the idiom of ritual; it was seen as a dangerous sanctuary that radically inverted all capitalistic economic practices and moral values of the world outside its walls. Reformers claimed that, inside these shrines of debt, citizens were ritually guided and transformed from active members of society into “knaves” or “idlers,” or both. As such, the debtors' prison needed to be eradicated. To do so, reformers mobilized at least three critical discourses, all of which sought to mark the debtors' prison as a zone of barbarism that threatened the civility of the state and its citizenry. By focusing on the debtors' prison as a powerful and transformative ritual zone, the article provides a counterintuitive history of this institution that was so crucial to the regulation of credit and debt relations for centuries. In so doing, the article contributes to a broader literature on the spatiality of debt.

scholarly journals Stan wyjątkowy w perspektywie filozofii prawa. Próba definicji

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Weronika Adamska
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Character State ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Normative Fact ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Hybrid Character ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Do So

The aim of this paper is to propose a definition of the state of exception within the framework of the philosophy of law. The nature of the state of exception is both a legal and a political one. For this reason, it is a subject of inquiry in various disciplines. As a consequence of its hybrid character, state of exception is hard to define, which leads to definitional scepticism. As a criterial definition is impossible to reach, I believe that it should be replaced with a paradigmatic one. Such a definition should take into account the acquis of, among others, philosophy, history or political science, so that it may apply to different methodological approaches. In order to do so, I present the main definitional groups (state of exception as a normative fact, as a constitutional dictatorship, as a political fact, and as a legal void). Next, using the criteria that are common to all those definitions, I propose and analyse three constitutive elements of the state of emergency: a crisis, a suspension of ordinary laws, and a temporary character of this suspension. The definition I propose can help to assess whether a given state is a form of a state of exception. This is of a particular relevance as emergency laws are nowadays widely discussed in the context of terrorist threats.

A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 519-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Levin ◽  
E Beck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Renal Glomeruli ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon ◽  
Do So

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.

The state of political science, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Rom Jensen ◽  
Jonathon W. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
The State

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

The Open Society and the Democracy to Come: Bergson, Deleuze and Guattari

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Baugh
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Minor Literature ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
The People ◽  
To Come ◽  
Polar Opposite ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Gain Access

In Bergsonism, Deleuze refers to Bergson's concept of an ‘open society’, which would be a ‘society of creators’ who gain access to the ‘open creative totality’ through acting and creating. Deleuze and Guattari's political philosophy is oriented toward the goal of such an open society. This would be a democracy, but not in the sense of the rule of the actually existing people, but the rule of ‘the people to come,’ for in the actually existing situation, such a people is ‘lacking’. When the people becomes a society of creators, the result is a society open to the future, creativity and the new. Their openness and creative freedom is the polar opposite of the conformism and ‘herd mentality’ condemned by Deleuze and Nietzsche, a mentality which is the basis of all narrow nationalisms (of ethnicity, race, religion and creed). It is the freedom of creating and commanding, not the Kantian freedom to obey Reason and the State. This paper uses Bergson's The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, and Deleuze and Guattari's Kafka: For a Minor Literature, A Thousand Plateaus and What is Philosophy? to sketch Deleuze and Guattari's conception of the open society and of a democracy that remains ‘to come’.

How to Define the Czechoslovak Underground

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Barbara Bothová
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Key Events

What is an underground? Is it possible to embed this particular way of life into any definition? After all, even underground did not have the need to define itself at the beginning. The presented text represents a brief reflection of the development of underground in Czechoslovakia; attention is paid to the impulses from the West, which had a significant influence on the underground. The text focuses on the key events that influenced the underground. For example, the “Hairies (Vlasatci)” Action, which took place in 1966, and the State Security activity in Rudolfov in 1974. The event in Rudolfov was an imaginary landmark and led to the writing of a manifesto that came into history as the “Report on the Third Czech Musical Revival.”

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