scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Purchase Decision of Fast Moving Consumer Goods in the Rural Areas of Bangladesh: Evidence from Khulna District

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Kajol Karmoker ◽  
Md. Enamul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Marketing Plan ◽  
Consumer Behaviors ◽  
Rural Consumers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Purpose: This paper aims to identify the factors that influence the FMCGs purchase decision in the rural areas of Bangladesh. In addition the study measures the impact of each factor on FMCGs purchase decision. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study sample consisted of 150 rural consumers selected based on convenient sampling method. Data was collected using self administered questionnaire via personal visit to the consumers. Factor analysis was applied to identify the factors and later multiple regression analysis was done to measure the impact of each factor on FMCGs purchase decision. Findings: Factor analysis revealed that 24 variables loaded on 9 factors. Among 9 factors Retailers Recommendations, Sales Promotion, Product Attribute, Life Style and Product Quality were found statistically significant in explaining 58.1% variation in the FMCGs purchase decision in rural areas of Bangladesh. Practical Implications: The study findings bring some suggestions for the marketers who want to develop product and execute marketing plan for rural consumers. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the body of empirical research on rural consumers because scholars of FMCG products regularly explore the urban consumer behaviors whereas the rural consumer behaviors are understudied.

scholarly journals The Impact of Packaging and Labeling Elements on the Rural Consumers’ Purchase Decision for Skincare Products in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Elamin Busharads ◽  
Richmond Sam-Quarm ◽  
Ahmed Ishtiaq Zadid
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Rural Consumers ◽  
Promotional Strategies ◽  
Sample Age ◽  
The Impact

Differences in socio-economic conditions, demographics, and infrastructural variances in the rural markets create substantial variances in the consumption patterns compared with the urban markets. As per a report of the World Bank, about 63 percent of the population resides in Bangladesh’s rural areas as it constitutes a bigger market for the consumption of different products. The researchers envision identifying the impact of packaging and labeling elements in the decision-making evaluation for different skincare products. The research exploration comprises of four objectives, i.e., perception and attitude towards packaging and labeling elements for the rural consumers, measuring the relative impact based on the demographical changes, determining the sensitivity towards branding elements and communication portrayed, and the ability in identifying the original skincare products in comparison with the copy products in the rural markets. The researchers conducted surveys in the Mymensingh, Netrokona, Jamalpur, and Sherpur Districts of the greater Mymensingh Division of Bangladesh. A total of 390 responses were selected based on the non-probability sampling frame. The target sample age group was chosen between 13 to 54 years. Researchers developed a questionnaire in combination with close-ended questions along with simple dichotomies. For analyzing the outcomes, the researchers have applied a statistical method of the “Z-test” Technique. The researchers identified that the packaging and labeling of skincare products influence rural consumers’ behavior. Different promotional strategies and trade marketing activities are recommended based on the findings, reinforcing the rural consumers’ acceptance of skincare products.

Analyzing the post-harvest supply chain enablers of vertical integration for rural employability and marketability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Priyadarshi ◽  
Srikanta Routroy ◽  
Girish Kant
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the post-harvest supply chain enablers (PHSCEs) for vertical integration to enhance rural employability, farmer profitability and rural produce marketability (i.e. market prospects) in the post-harvest supply chain (PHSC). The impact of vertical integration is also explored for various commercial produces. Design/methodology/approach A structural equation modeling (SEM) of PHSCEs for vertical integration was developed to enhance market prospects, rural employability and farmer profitability. The impact of business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer market prospects are explored in various dimensions for stakeholders such as farmers, manufacturers (processors), distributors and retailers. The fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS) was used to prioritize these PHSCEs to improve market prospects and rural employability. Findings The PHSCEs are clustered into three groups, namely, initiatives at the strategic frontier, initiatives at the tactical frontier and concerns for rural employability via vertical integration using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SEM to prove the null hypothesis. With F-TOPSIS results, the availability of warehousing was found to be the most crucial enabler when observing the PHSCEs from the initiatives’ perspective. The technology adaptability and availability, institute for training and research and information infrastructure and information visibility were found to be the key PHSCEs when observed from PHSC stakeholders’ perspectives. Research limitations/implications The implementation of this study will improve the rural produce marketability, rural employability, B2B marketing (i.e. effective distribution) and subsequent value chains with the practice of vertical integration for fresh produce at the rural level. Practical implications The outcomes of this study have a key role in developing the rural regions and improving rural livelihoods via value addition. The awareness of commercial cultivation and value addition in rural areas needs to be improved. This will help farmers to earn better revenues with improved market prospects in comparison to the revenues obtained from the cultivation of staple/conventional crops. Originality/value In an era of cold chains and food processing, this study aims to disseminate awareness about value addition for commercial and fresh produces at the rural level. The implication of this study will improve rural produce marketability, rural employability and farmer profitability at the rural level with the level of vertical integration.

Perceived servant leadership: the impact of servant leadership on intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of perceived servant leadership on the intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction of followers. Design/methodology/approach Data was gathered from the responses of 205 employees working in service- sector organizations in Kuwait as part of a larger questionnaire survey on employee satisfaction and leadership. Servant leadership was then measured using Liden’s (2008) 28 item servant leader instrument and analyzed using factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings The results suggest that the seven factor model proposed by Linden (2008) is shown to be valid in this study with good reliability. In addition a second-order factor analysis showed strong positive correlations were found between servant leadership and both intrinsic (0.69) and extrinsic (0.08) job satisfaction. Practical implications Promoting altruistic approaches to leadership which increases extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction will have a positive effect on the organizational goals. Leaders should be made aware of this so they can put interventions in place to improve overall performance. Originality/value This paper is of value as research examining the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction has been limited so it adds to the body of knowledge with particular relevance to the nature of this relationship in the service sector in the Middle East.

scholarly journals The Impact of Packaging and Labeling Elements on the Rural Consumers’ Purchase Decision for Skincare Products in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Sumon Rodrick ◽  
◽  
Hamidul Islam ◽  
Ahmed Ishtiaq Zadid
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Rural Consumers ◽  
Promotional Strategies ◽  
Sample Age ◽  
The Impact

Differences in socio-economic conditions, demographics, and infrastructural variances in the rural markets create substantial variances in the consumption patterns compared with the urban markets. As per a report of the World Bank, about 63 percent of the population resides in Bangladesh’s rural areas as it constitutes a bigger market for the consumption of different products. The researchers envision identifying the impact of packaging and labeling elements in the decision-making evaluation for different skincare products. The research exploration comprises of four objectives, i.e., perception and attitude towards packaging and labeling elements for the rural consumers, measuring the relative impact based on the demographical changes, determining the sensitivity towards branding elements and communication portrayed, and the ability in identifying the original skincare products in comparison with the copy products in the rural markets. The researchers conducted surveys in the Mymensingh, Netrokona, Jamalpur, and Sherpur Districts of the greater Mymensingh Division of Bangladesh. A total of 390 responses were selected based on the non-probability sampling frame. The target sample age group was chosen between 13 to 54 years. Researchers developed a questionnaire in combination with close-ended questions along with simple dichotomies. For analyzing the outcomes, the researchers have applied a statistical method of the “Z-test” Technique. The researchers identified that the packaging and labeling of skincare products influence rural consumers’ behavior. Different promotional strategies and trade marketing activities are recommended based on the findings, reinforcing the rural consumers’ acceptance of skincare products.

scholarly journals Uncovering the Disparities in Educational Attainment across Urban and Rural Locations in Northern Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPrevious research investigating the influence of location in young people’s educational development often focus on measuring levels of poverty in urban communities and largely ignores the impact of rural areas and comparisons between urban and rural locations. This research advocates that including urban and rural location variables in research methodologies is imperative to gaining a fuller understanding of educational inequalities. ObjectivesThe aim of this research is to examine the disparities in educational attainment between urban and rural locations in Northern Ireland (hereafter NI) and to identify the possible factors associated with such location disparities. Minimal research efforts have been dedicated to understanding these inequalities and even less attention has been aimed towards explaining them in a NI context. This research aims to fill this gap in knowledge. MethodsA quantitative methodology, incorporating secondary data analysis will be utilised to achieve the research aims. This research will use administrative data provided by ADRC-NI which links the 2011 Census to the School Leavers Survey and School Census. Using GCSE results as a measure of educational attainment, multilevel modelling will be conducted on this data which has a sample size of N = 55,000 pupils. FindingsThe findings of this research will provide information on how much of the variance in pupils’ educational attainment across urban and rural locations is associated with the individual, the school and the location. ConclusionsThis research will add to the body of knowledge surrounding educational inequalities in NI.

An Empirical Study on Determining the Effectiveness of Social Media Advertising

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taanika Arora ◽  
Bhawna Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Social Media Advertising ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The article proposes a conceptual model based on social media advertising, which examines the impact of some identified antecedents such as entertainment, informativeness, credibility, incentives, pre- purchase search motivation and social escapism motivation on attitude towards social media advertising and further see the impact on purchase intention. A quantitative approach of research was adopted, where data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 472 Indian social media users. The scales adapted from the previous studies were validated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and then two-step structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied which included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) followed by hypothesis testing in AMOS 22.0. The results indicated a significant role of informativeness, entertainment, credibility, incentives, pre- purchase search motivation and social escapism motivation in predicting attitudes towards social media advertising, further purchase intention was significantly predicted by attitudes towards social media advertising.

Changes in healthy behaviour knowledge of rural pupils

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent A Lorenz ◽  
Michalis Stylianou ◽  
Pamela Hodges Kulinna
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Curricular Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Behaviour

This study was informed by the body of literature on pupil knowledge and its potential contributions to developing healthy and active lifestyles, along with the focus of various current national physical education standards on cognitive outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of conceptual-based intervention programmes in two rural schools on pupils’ healthy behaviour knowledge. Schools used a similar intervention model of healthy behaviour concepts taught as part of physical education classes, by classroom teachers, and in wellness week activities. The intervention in both schools was based on the Fitness for Life curricular model (i.e. materials for classroom teachers and for physical education teachers). Pupil healthy behaviour knowledge was tracked over time to determine the impact of the intervention programmes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare average percentage of correct responses within school, across time within a year, and across years. ANOVA results showed a significant main effect for grade ( F(5, 1152) = 33.10, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.125), school ( F(1, 1152) = 75.23, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.061), time ( F(1, 1152) = 164.71, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.125), and year ( F(1, 1152) = 6.27, p = 0.012, η2 = 0.005), and a significant three-way interaction among grade, time, and year ( F(13, 1152) = 6.76, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.07). The findings of this study suggest that pupils can acquire healthy behaviour knowledge using several different intervention points of instruction, particularly in rural areas. This study also highlights the need to help pupils in these settings improve their healthy behaviour content knowledge.

scholarly journals The Impact of Packaging and Labeling Elements on the Rural Consumers’ Purchase Decision for Skincare Products in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Elkandoussi ◽  
Hamidul Islam ◽  
Ahmed Ishtiaq Zadid
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Rural Consumers ◽  
Promotional Strategies ◽  
Sample Age ◽  
The Impact

Differences in socio-economic conditions, demographics, and infrastructural variances in the rural markets create substantial variances in the consumption patterns compared with the urban markets. As per a report of the World Bank, about 63 percent of the population resides in Bangladesh’s rural areas as it constitutes a bigger market for the consumption of different products. The researchers envision identifying the impact of packaging and labeling elements in the decision-making evaluation for different skincare products. The research exploration comprises of four objectives, i.e., perception and attitude towards packaging and labeling elements for the rural consumers, measuring the relative impact based on the demographical changes, determining the sensitivity towards branding elements and communication portrayed, and the ability in identifying the original skincare products in comparison with the copy products in the rural markets. The researchers conducted surveys in the Mymensingh, Netrokona, Jamalpur, and Sherpur Districts of the greater Mymensingh Division of Bangladesh. A total of 390 responses were selected based on the non-probability sampling frame. The target sample age group was chosen between 13 to 54 years. Researchers developed a questionnaire in combination with close-ended questions along with simple dichotomies. For analyzing the outcomes, the researchers have applied a statistical method of the “Z-test” Technique. The researchers identified that the packaging and labeling of skincare products influence rural consumers’ behavior. Different promotional strategies and trade marketing activities are recommended based on the findings, reinforcing the rural consumers’ acceptance of skincare products.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Rural Population of Wardha District Regarding Oral Cancer- A Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Suwarna Dangore-Khasbage
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The People ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Oral cancer is one of the easily diagnosed cancer as compared to the cancers of other parts of the body as the mouth is easily accessible for self or clinical examination. But, it is frequently diagnosed in advanced stage as the population lack the knowledge about the causes and signs & symptoms of oral cancer. Though many studies are there describing this issue, scanty literature is available relevant to knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral cancer especially in rural areas which needs attention. Aim: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of rural population of Wardha district regarding Oral cancer. Methodology: This questionnaire based prospective study will include 1000 subjects who will be able to read and understand the questionnaire. Self-administered questionnaire prepared in local language (Marathi / Hindi) of the rural population of Wardha district will be administered. Questionnaire will be comprised of two parts. First part request demographic information and the second section contain 18 questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral cancer. All the questionnaire responses will be recorded in tabular format and subjected to statistical analysis. Expected Results: In rural area of Wardha District in the Indian state of Maharashtra, there may be majority of the people, still having minimal knowledge regarding oral cancer and its causes marking a high percentage when compared to the urban. Thus, this study will be an attempt to evaluate the awareness and access the knowledge of the rural public regarding oral cancer. Conclusion: The knowledge about the risk factors, sign and symptoms of oral cancer amongst the rural population can be useful for the prevention and early diagnosis of oral cancer, and thus reducing the oral cancer burden of the society.

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