scholarly journals Opportunistic Soil-Inhabiting Micromycetes during Monitoring Analysis of Agrocenoses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.В. Воронин ◽  
И.Я. Колесникова
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Dirt Road ◽  
Stationary Test ◽  
Opportunistic Mycoses ◽  
State Agricultural Academy

Под влиянием антропогенных факторов в почве и сопряжённых с нею средах может происходить накопление опасных для человека (потенциально патогенных, аллергенных, микотоксичных) видов микроскопических грибов. Изучение этой группы микромицетов и явилось целью настоящей работы. Представлены результаты исследований, проведённых в 2011–2018 гг. в полевом стационарном опыте, заложенном на опытном поле ФГБОУ ВО Ярославская ГСХА, по изучению различных систем обработки почвы и систем удобрений. В 2014–2015 гг. дополнительно исследовали почву зоны перелеска, заросшей грунтовой дороги и леса по краю поля, которые представляют собой естественно сформировавшиеся растительные ассоциации. Многие из обнаруженных нами почвообитающих грибов как в естественных сообществах, так и в окультуренной почве, являются потенциально-патогенными видами, относящимися к III и IV группам по классификации санитарно-эпидемиологических правил СП 1.3.2322-08. Полученные результаты не выявили общих закономерностей распространения оппортунистических грибов в исследованной почве. Однако в целом большинство из них не имеют широкого распространения по частоте встречаемости и массовости. Исключением являются виды р. Aspergillus. Как аллергенные, в первую очередь, рассматриваются виды тёмноокрашенных родов Alternaria (A. alternata), Cladosporium (C. herbarum), а также рода Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger). По мнению ряда авторов, в настоящее время увеличилась распространённость сапротрофных видов грибов, способных продуцировать микотоксины и вызывать микотоксикозы и оппортунистические микозы. В связи с этим необходим постоянный мониторинг фитосанитарной ситуации в посевах сельскохозяйственных культур, тщательный микологический и микотоксикологический контроль сельскохозяйственной продукции, совершенствование видовой диагностики грибов. Under the influence of anthropogenic factors the accumulation of types of microscopic fungi that are dangerous for humans (potentially pathogenic, allergenic, mycotoxic) can occur in soil and its associated medium. The study of this group of micromycetes was the aim of this work. The results of the researches conducted in 2011–2018 in the stationary test laid down on the experimental field of the FSBEI HE Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy to study various tillage systems and fertilizer systems are presented. In 2014–2015 the soil of the field woodland zone, overgrown dirt road and forest along the edge of the field which are naturally formed plant associations was additionally investigated. Many of the soil fungi found by us both in natural communities and in cultivated soil are potentially pathogenic species belonging to groups III and IV according to the classification of sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 1.3.2322-08. The results obtained did not reveal the general patterns of the spread of opportunistic fungi in the soil under investigation. However in general most of them are not widespread in frequency of occurrence and massive participation. An exception is the species g. Aspergillus. As allergenic, first of all species of the dark-colored genus Alternaria (A. alternata), Cladosporium (C. herbarum), and also the genus Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger) are considered. According to several authors the prevalence of saprotrophic species of fungi that can produce mycotoxins and cause mycotoxicoses and opportunistic mycoses has now increased. In this regard constant monitoring of the phytosanitary situation in agricultural crops, careful mycological and mycotoxicological control of agricultural products, improvement of the species diagnosis of fungi are necessary.

Deep Learning based Tomato’s Ripe and Unripe Classification System

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Of Art

Effective productivity estimates of fresh produced crops are very essential for efficient farming, commercial planning, and logistical support. In the past ten years, machine learning (ML) algorithms have been widely used for grading and classification of agricultural products in agriculture sector. However, the precise and accurate assessment of the maturity level of tomatoes using ML algorithms is still a quite challenging to achieve due to these algorithms being reliant on hand crafted features. Hence, in this paper we propose a deep learning based tomato maturity grading system that helps to increase the accuracy and adaptability of maturity grading tasks with less amount of training data. The performance of proposed system is assessed on the real tomato datasets collected from the open fields using Nikon D3500 CCD camera. The proposed approach achieved an average maturity classification accuracy of 99.8 % which seems to be quite promising in comparison to the other state of art methods.

Numerical classification of French vegetation of Carici caryophylleae – Genistetea lobelii J.-C. Klein 1972

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e68062
Author(s):  
Pauline Delbosc ◽  
Mathieu Le Dez ◽  
Jean-Bernard Bouzillé ◽  
Kevin Cianfaglione ◽  
Frédéric Bioret
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Diagnostic Species ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Formal Definitions ◽  
Twinspan Classification ◽  
New Association

Carici-Genistetea lobelii Klein 1972 corresponds to cyrno-sardinian oromediterranean cushion scrub and related grasslands. In France, this class is only present in Corsica and the syntaxonomic scheme is debated among phytosociologists. The aim of this paper is to highlight the main plant associations of Carici-Genistetea lobelii Klein 1972 and to define the diagnostic species for each phytosociological unit. We compiled 519 vegetation plots and we applied EuropeanVegetationChecklist expert system for the classes of European vegetation to retain only vegetation plots belonging to Carici-Genistetea lobelii. We obtained a dataset with 189 vegetation plots and we classified them with Modified TWINSPAN classification. Our analyses recognized 6 plant associations and 3 sub-associations already described in the literature; and to describe a new alliance corresponding to the supra-mediterranean vegetations (Genistion salzmannii), a new association (Brimeuro fastigiatae-Juniperetum nanae) and its sub-association (alnetosum suaveolentis). For each of them, we identified diagnostic, constant and dominant species and produced their distribution map. Formal definitions were then written for each phytosociological unit (from subassociation to class) and grouped in an expert system to automatically classify the vegetations of Carici-Genistetea lobelii.

scholarly journals La vegetación de Calakmul, Campeche, México: clasificación, descripción y distribución

2017 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Martínez ◽  
Carlos Galindo-Leal
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Guaiacum Sanctum ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Mexican Tropics

The Calakmul region, at the center of the Yucatan peninsula, contains the largest forested area of the Mexican tropics. Our objective is to provide the classification, description and spatial distribution of the plant communities of Calakmul region. In spite of the relatively lack of topographic features there is large spatial heterogeneity in the vegetation. Five plant associations are underlined because of their regional, national and world relevance: guayacán forest (Guaiacum sanctum), jobillo forest (Astronium graveolens), low deciduous forest, tall forest and mixed seasonally flooded forest. We discuss the main factors influencing the vegetation, including rainfall gradients, soil development, natural disturbances and anthropogenic factors. This study underscores the importance of using vegetation classification with enough detail to assess the representation and effectiveness of natural protected areas.

Classification of the Oxbow Lakes of the Hármas-Körös River and Determination of Ways for Further Exploiting the Various Water Regions in the Light of the Water Framework Directive

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józsa Vilmos ◽  
Jacek Kozłowski ◽  
Anna Zróbek-Sokolnik ◽  
Krzysztof Kozłowski ◽  
Piotr Dynowski
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

Hármas-Koros river lies between the mouth of the Tisza and the city Békés. In the nineteenth century, the work of regulatory her bed was made, which resulted in 44 oxbow lakes were created, of which 36 still exist till today. In presented work 14 oxbow lakes was selected and the following objectives were carried out: 1. The classification of oxbow lakes based on selected criteria: the manner and intensity of water exchange, sediment thickness, redox potential, usage, ichtiofouna. 2. The assessment of the state of spawning and its impact on ichtiofauna. 3. Determination the best methods of water management in particular types of oxbow lakes, which could stop their further degradation. The obtained results led to the following conclusions: - Tested oxbow lakes belong to different categories - Anthropogenic factors had a negative effect on the conditions of fish reproduction and survival of their juvenile stages. - The management of fisheries was not a factor differentiating the individual water regions, but had an impact on the ecological status. - For the maintenance and/or improvement of the natural environment of the individual oxbow lakes significant impact may have fishery management, carried out in the following years.

A synopsis of the bryocorine tribes (Heteroptera : Miridae : Bryocorinae): key, diagnoses, hosts and distributional patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor V. Konstantinov ◽  
Anna A. Namyatova ◽  
Gerasimos Cassis
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Five Tribes

The higher classification of the mirid subfamily Bryocorinae has received comparatively little attention. It is not highly species-rich in comparison with other mirid subfamilies but does exhibit extraordinary morphological heterogeneity. In this work we provide a synthesis of the subfamily on a global basis, providing a new key and updated diagnoses of supraspecific taxa. Five tribes are recognised: Bryocorini, Dicyphini, Eccritotarsini, Felisacini and Monaloniini. The genus Campyloneura Fieber is transferred from the tribe Dicyphini to the Eccritotarsini. Analysis of distributional patterns and a survey of host plant associations are provided. Available data on distribution of the main bryocorine lineages are summarised in tabular form and evaluated using UPGMA methods, and geographically structured patterns were detected. The synthesis will enable users to identify bryocorines to tribal level with confidence and provides a classificatory framework for future revisionary and phylogenetic studies.

scholarly journals Evidence for an early accounting system found at Tal-e Mash Karim, a Chalcolithic site in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Kamal Aldin Niknami ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Taheri ◽  
Alireza Sardary
Keyword(s):  
Critical Issue ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Oval Shape

Investigating the accounting systems and their progressive development during the prehistoric period is a critical issue in recognition of human societies, their communication, and formation of inter- and intra-regional trade system transformed to innovation of writing systems. The present study aims at studying the typology and classification of the Chalcolithic (Middle Bakun, 4500 BC) period. Numerical objects discovered in Tal-e Mash Karim in Semirom district located in Esfahan province, Iran. The discovered cultural materials contain 32 numerical tokens and a clay tallying slab. The numerical tokens are divided into three main categories and seven subcategories. On that basis, round and oval shape tokens for measuring agricultural products and flat and disc shape tokens are representing animals and animal products related productions. The discovery of a tallying slab beside the artifacts all is proving the existence on an early accounting system.

scholarly journals Efficient Commercial Classification of Agricultural Products using Convolutional Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ali Jebelli ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
Product Image ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Chemical Materials

<p>Agricultural products, as essential commodities, are among the most sought-for items in superstores. Barcode is usually utilized to classify and regulate the price of products such as ornamental flowers in such stores. However, the use of barcodes on some fragile agricultural products such as ornamental flowers can be damaged and lessen their life length. Moreover, it is time-consuming and costly<em><strong> </strong></em>and may lead to the production of massive waste and damage to the environment and the admittance of chemical materials into food products that can affect human health. Consequently, we aimed to design a classifier robot to recognize ornamental flowers based on the related product image at different times and surrounding conditions. Besides, it can increase the speed and accuracy of distinguishing and classifying the products, lower the pricing time, and increase the lifetime due to the absence of the need for movement and changing the position of the products. According to the datasheets provided by the robot that is stored in its database, we provide the possibility of identifying and introducing the product in different colors and shapes. Also, due to the preparation of a standard and small database tailored to the needs of the robot, the robot will be trained in a short time (less than five minutes) without the need for an Internet connection or a large hard drive for storage the data. On the other hand, by dividing each input photo into ten different sections, the system can, without the need for a detection system, simultaneously in several different images, decorative flowers in different conditions, angles and environments, even with other objects such as vases, detects very fast with a high accuracy of 97%.</p>

scholarly journals Entropy Based Classification of Road-Profiles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C¸ag˘lar Bas¸lamıs¸lı ◽  
Selis O¨nel
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Damping ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dirt Road ◽  
Asphalt Road ◽  
Acceleration Signals

In this study, the Shannon entropies of six different road-profiles ranging from “very good asphalt road” to “dirt road (terrain)” were calculated. Results indicate that each type of road has a well defined entropy value and that the entropies of roads ranging from “very good asphalt” to “dirt road (terrain)” lie on a nearly linear locus. A second approach presented in this paper consists in measuring the sprung mass vertical acceleration of a vehicle running over segments of roads of different qualities and calculating the entropies of the acceleration signals. This procedure has been applied to assess the influence of nonlinear damping and vehicle speed. It has been seen that it is possible to identify the type of the road surface through the calculation of entropy if the vehicle operating parameters are known. Finally, it is observed that the locus of entropy values is concave on the plot of acceleration entropy versus root mean square (RMS) acceleration.

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