scholarly journals Irlandzcy Trawelerzy i status mniejszości etnicznej

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Edyta Radzewicz

The Irish Travellers, a native, traditionally migratory group, were recently accorded formal recognition in the Republic of Ireland, ending more than three decades of political negation of Traveller ethnicity by the Irish authorities. Awarding the Travellers the status of ethnic minority should lead to changes in state policy, which previously perceived the Travellers and their way of life in terms of a social problem; above all, there should now be hope for a new, more equal social position for the Travellers in today’s increasingly diverse Ireland. The author discusses the mobilization of the Irish Travellers and the circumstances of their being awarded ethnic minority status. She also considers the Travellers’ attitudes to the question, on the basis of her own field work conducted among the Traveller community in Galway in western Ireland.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Mariam Ashotovna Dashyan ◽  
Andrey A. Kudelin

This article is an overview of the state stance and attitude towards minorities throughout history of the republic of Turkey. It represents the official approach of the republic towards ethnic and religious groups. Though due to actions of the Ottoman Empire, the number of non-Turks in the republic of Turkey already was incomparably small, however their existence could not be ignored. Still Turkey recognizes only three minorities (Greeks, Armenians, and Jews) and for decades adopted the strategy of regarding all minority persons other than Greeks, Armenians, and Jews as Turks. Ethnic variety was considered a threat to territorial integrity of Turkey. Every action was directed to create a unitary nation-state suppressing ethnic identities of non-Turks. In this article state policy towards ethnic groups in the republic of Turkey is examined from the perspective of the Lausanne Treaty provisions and legislative regulations regarding the status and rights of minorities showing to what extent authorities have followed them and rising the controversial points minority representatives face in exercising their rights.


Africa ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Carstens

Opening ParagraphAlthough the Khoikhoi or so-called Hottentots are still discussed in social anthropological literature, there is relatively little interest in them nowadays in comparison with the San (Bushmen) or various Bantu-speaking peoples. This lack of interest is really quite surprising since Radcliffe-Brown drew heavily on the Nama Khoikhoi material in his essay on the mother's brother in South Africa (Radcliffe-Brown 1924). Radcliffe-Brown, incidentally, based his knowledge of the Nama almost entirely on his interpretation of the field work of Mrs A. W. Hoernlé, using two unpublished papers and personal communication with Mrs Hoernlé as his sources. There is, however, a more important reason why the Khoikhoi are of interest. Many aspects of their way of life, ranging from the status of wives to religious beliefs and practices, are very ‘unAfrican’ if we equate African with Bantu-speaking Africa as is so often done.


Author(s):  
Э.М. ДАЛГАТ ◽  
E.M. DALGAT ◽  
Л.Б. САЛИХОВА ◽  
L.B. SALIKHOVA

Статья посвящена истории возникновения городов Дагестана в XX веке. Отмече- но, что 6 из 10 городов Дагестана, а именно Хасавюрт, Дагестанские Огни, Кизилюрт, Каспийск, Избербаш и Южно-Сухокумск приобрели данный статус в советское время. В статье уделено внимание каждому из указанных городов, они рассмотрены со времени их возникновения, показан их рост и развитие, период приобретения статуса города. От- мечено, что появлению городов из рабочих поселков способствовало для одних — стро- ительство крупных промышленных предприятий — завода № 182 («Двигательстрой»), стекольного завода «Дагестанские Огни», для других — обнаружение нефти и газа, строи- тельство ГЭС и т.д. Все это благоприятствовало увеличению населения городов, повыше- нию благосостоянию горожан, изменению образа жизни многих дагестанцев, а также раз- витию транспортной и социально-культурной инфраструктуры городов и республики. Обращено внимание на то, что крупные предприятия, построенные в Дагестане в XX в. и оказавшие непосредственное влияние на развитие и формирование городов, в тоже время заложили основу для кризиса в функционировании городов в конце XX — начале XXI в. The article is devoted to the history of Dagestan towns’ emergence in the XX century. It is noted that 6 of the 10 towns of Dagestan, namely Khasavyurt, Dagestanskiye Ogni, Kizilyurt, Kaspiisk, Izberbash and Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk gained this status during the Soviet period. The article pays special attention to each of these towns, the time of their emergence, their growth and development are deing considered, the acquisition of the status of the town is shown. It is noted that the turning of the former working settlements into towns was promoted for some — by construction of large industrial enterprises — plant No. 182 («Dvigatelstroy»), a glass factory «Dagestanskiye Ogni», for others — by the discovery of oil and gas, construction of hydroelectric power stations, etc. All this favored the increase in the urban population, improving the welfare of citizens; a change in the way of life of many Dagestanians, as well as the development of transport and socio-cultural infrastructure of towns and the republic. Attention is paid to the fact that large enterprises were built in Dagestan in the XX century and had a direct impact on the development and formation of towns, at the same time laid the basis for a crisis in the functioning of these towns at the end of the XX — beginning of XXI century.


Balcanica ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Prvoslav Radic

Contemporary Serbian Question in Macedonia is most closely related to major political events in the Balkans in 19th and 20th centuries. Starting from the social and historical processes in this region of the Balkans, the author examines this question through several fundamental periods, wishing to look into the status of Serbian population in Macedonia of the time against this background. The first period began with the First Serbian Uprising (1804) heralding the creation of the first free Serbian state in the Balkans, and ended with the conclusion of Liberation Wars (1878) leaving considerable Serbian territories liberated. The second period started at the time of conclusion of liberation wars and lasted till the beginning of the Balkan Wars in 1912. The third period was the one from the conclusion of Balkan Wars till the end of World War II (1945). The fourth period commenced at the end of World War II and lasted till the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. The last, fifth period refers to the contemporary state of affairs in the Republic of Macedonia since the disintegration of the SFRY, i.e. the independence of the Republic of Macedonia in 1991. The analysis of the status of Serbian Question here is predominantly related to the culturological aspect through examining the circumstances in education literature, and in culture in general. It shows that the status of Serbian ethnic minority in Macedonia was closely related to social, historical and political setting in these areas of the Balkans. In the new social and political environment, the status of the remaining Serbian ethnic minority in Macedonia is uncertain. In the recent decades, unstable political circumstances in this area have had adverse effects on the presence of Serbian ethnic element in Macedonian territories, even more so since it fails to receive sufficient national support from both sides.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.


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