scholarly journals Usage of biopesticides in agriculture practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 8301-8317
Author(s):  
Sanae BENANI ◽  
Aziz BOUCHELTA ◽  
Sanae AMINE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
High Price ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Peasant Farmers

Using pesticides is the first method to control diseases and kill pests and weeds, which are the most menacing and the biggest problem facing agriculture. It is commonly used by developing since it is the solution to increase yields and solve agriculture problems. A part from big farmers, the majority of peasant farmers are unable to pay for synthetic pesticides because of their high price. Moreover, the small fields cultivated by subsistence farmers making the use of such pesticides uneconomic. In morocco, peasant farmers use even pesticides, which are over dose or they use non-certified products. It is understood that it is very harmful for human health and environment as well. Therefore, pesticide plants do not eliminate all pests, but keep their populations under the threshold of harm, and have more advantages than synthetic pesticides. Moreover, pesticide plant extracts decompose rapidly in the environment; which limits the risk of environmental pollution and improves the sanitary quality of cultivated products; also, it controls insect pests by protecting their natural enemies rather than by spraying crops with synthetic pesticides. The aim of this study is to record all products used by farmers to control Bruchus rufimanus especially the use of bio pesticides around Meknes city (Mejjat and Sebet jahjouhe area). It was established that most of big peasant farmers use synthetic pesticides. While small farmers have only access to traditional methods such as Capsicum frutescent, Urtica dioica, salt and ash wood, if not using non-certified products among which rodenticides.

scholarly journals Insecticidal and Repellant Activities of Southeast Asia Plants towards Insect Pests: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1026-1032
Author(s):  
N.H. Albariman ◽  
S.F. Sabran ◽  
N.W. Othman ◽  
N. Ishak ◽  
A.S. Dheyab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Crops are being damaged by several plant pests. Several strategies have been developed to restrict the damage of cultivated plants by using synthetic pesticides and repellants. However, the use to control these insects is highly discouraged because of their risks on humans. Therefore, several alternatives have been developed from plant extracts to protect crops from plant pests. Accordingly, this review focuses on outlining the insecticidal and repellant activities of Southeast Asia plants towards insect pests. Several extracts of plants from Southeast Asia were investigated to explore their insecticidal and repellant activities. Azadiracha indica (neem) and Piper species were highly considered for their insecticidal and repellant activities compared to other plants. This review also addressed the investigation on extracts of other plant species that were reported to exert insecticidal and repellant activities. Most of the conducted studies have been still in the primarily stage of investigation, lacking a focus on the insecticidal and repellant spectrum and the identification of the active constituents which are responsible for the insecticidal and repellant activity.

scholarly journals Problematic on the use of synthetic pesticides against insect pests of tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Foumbot, Western Region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Dzokou Victor Joly ◽  
◽  
Yana Wenceslas ◽  
Asafor Henry Chotangui ◽  
Mouyiche Mbouemboue Ange Nathanaël ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Pest Insect ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

An inventory of pest insect of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was carried out in 2018 in five localities of Foumbot production area to find out the effects of using synthetic insecticides on the worrying insects. The quantity applied and frequency of application was equally assessed and compared to those prescribed by the producers. Caiman B, Cypercal, Parastar, Cybemex and Plusfort are used. The insects were captured weekly during March and February during fruits formation and when they are getting ripe. The results showed that the doses and the frequencies of applications are different from a producer to the other. A total of 6485 insect pests belonging to the order Diptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera were captured. The greatest number of insect pests was captured in the locality of Mangoum 1 (19.75%). Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was the most abundant species (62.94%). The damages bring a setback in quantity and quality of the harvest, fruits are not good any more for consumption. The usage of these pesticides without respecting the norms has not reduced the population of the insect pests of tomato at Foumbot, showing that the insects became resistant. We suggest a strict respect of the doses and frequencies and the use of bio-pesticides and essential oils, respectful of the environment.

scholarly journals Aphid Behavior on Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae) Associated with Ocimum spp. (Lamiaceae) as Repellent Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Boni Barthélémy Yarou ◽  
Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta ◽  
François J. Verheggen ◽  
Georges C. Lognay ◽  
Frédéric Francis
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Ocimum Species ◽  
Companion Plant ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Various plant species contain biocidal and/or semiochemical components. These can be used for managing insect pests, in order to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides and to improve the quality of vegetable crops. This study was conducted to assess the effect of repellent plants Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. on aphids Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli and Myzus persicae Sulzer when they are associated with Amaranthus hybridus L. plants. The results have shown that in the two approaches tested—Ocimum sp. plants surrounded by A. hybridus plants and the dual-choice test—the number of aphids on the A. hybridus plant associated with either O. gratissimum or O. basilicum was significantly less significant compared to the A. hybridus alone. This first study on the association between A. hybridus and Ocimum spp. shows that the Ocimum species might be used as an alternative method for controlling aphids in order to avoid the use of synthetic pesticides on Amaranthus. The ability of Ocimum spp. to repel pests can make it an important companion plant for farmers, because those plants can not only be used to control pests, but they can also be harvested, providing a direct economic return.

scholarly journals Insecticidal, repellent, antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity of essential oils: With special reference to limonene and its suitability for control of insect pests

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. IBRAHIM ◽  
P. KAINULAINEN ◽  
A. AFLATUNI
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Soil Animals ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Novel Applications

The interest in the use of monoterpenes for insect pest and pathogen control originates from the need for pesticide products with less negative environmental and health impacts than highly effective synthetic pesticides. The expanding literature on the possibility of the use of these monoterpenes is reviewed and focused on the effects of limonene on various bioorganisms. Limonene is used as insecticide to control ectoparasites of pet animals, but it has activity against many insects, mites, and microorganisms. Possible attractive effects of limonene to natural enemies of pests may offer novel applications to use natural compounds for manipulation of beneficial animals in organic agriculture. However, in few cases limonene-treated plants have become attractive to plant damaging insects and phytotoxic effects on cultivated plants have been observed. As a plant-based natural product limonene and other monoterpenes might have use in pest and weed control in organic agriculture after phytotoxicity on crop plants and, effects on non-target soil animals and natural enemies of pest have been investigated

BIOEFFICACY OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST MUSTARD APHID AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NARENDRA SINGH ◽  
N. S. BHADAURIA ◽  
PRADYUMN SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Plant Materials

The Bio-efficacy of eleven plant extracts namely viz.Neem Kernel; Rhizome of Ginger; Leaves of Datura, Gajarghas, Harsingar, Oak and Latjeera; Bulb of Garlic and Onion; Flowers of Chrysenthemum and Fruits of Chilli in the concentration of 5 percent and imidacloprid @ 40 g ai/ha was tested against mustard aphid, Lipaphiserysimi and their effect on D. rapae and Coccinellid beetle were tested in the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.). All the tested plant materials and imidacloprid @ 40 g ai/ha were effective significanty in reducing the aphid population over control.The aphid population in treated plots ranged from 7.2 to 40.0 as against 85.4 aphid/twig in untreated control. Among the plant material, three sprays of Neem Kernel were found most effective followed by three sprays of chilli fruits.All the plant extracts were found significantly safer to D. rapae and coccinellid bettle in comparision to insecticide (imidacloprid).

Seasonal Incidence of Pulse Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) and its Natural Enemies on Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Relation to Some Abiotic Factors in Alluvial Zone of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pal ◽  
S. Samanta ◽  
A. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Weather Parameters

Background: Field pea, Pisum sativum L. is an important winter-season pulse crop. It is subjected to damage by both field and storage insect pests and approximately 10-15 per cent reduction in yield was reported due to the infestation of different insect pests. Among these, pulse aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) affects plant physiology directly by removal of nutrients or indirectly by dispersal of various viral diseases. The present investigation has been aimed to study the seasonal fluctuations of aphids and their natural enemies as well as their correlation. Another objective was to know the effect of various weather parameters on pulse aphids and their natural enemies which ultimately would be helpful to develop a forewarning model.Methods: The field experiment was conducted at the A-B Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal using two varieties of field pea (KPMR 935 and IFPD 122) during rabi seasons of two consecutive years of 2017-18 and 2018-19 following a Randomized Block Design with three replications. After recording the total population of both pests (nymphs and adults) and their natural enemies across the season, the mean population was worked out and used for correlation and regression studies along with the weather parameters. Result: Maximum aphid population was noticed during the peak pod formation stage of the crop irrespective of the varieties. The pest population was very strongly correlated with the incidence of coccinellid and ant population in both test varieties. Among the weather parameters, both maximum and minimum temperature and sunshine hour showed a positive correlation with the pest population and their natural enemies but relative humidity and rainfall showed a negative correlation. Regression studies indicated that temperature and relative humidity were the most influencing factors over the incidence of aphid in both the seasons.

Competitive Entry of Information Goods Under Quality Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Zan Zhang ◽  
Guofang Nan ◽  
Minqiang Li ◽  
Yong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
New Product ◽  
High Price ◽  
Quality Uncertainty ◽  
Information Goods ◽  
Consumer Uncertainty ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Very High

When confronted with a new product, consumers often find it difficult to predict how it will perform, and such uncertainty reduces consumers’ willingness to adopt the product. In this paper, we consider a market whereby consumers decide when and which product to buy, given that they know the product quality of the incumbent but are uncertain about that of the entrant. We investigate how consumer uncertainty about product quality affects firms’ behavior-based pricing and customer acquisition and retention dynamics. Using a two-period vertical model, we find that, under high-end encroachment, an increase in consumer uncertainty reduces the entrant’s profit and hurts the incumbent’s profit when the quality differential between the products is relatively small, whereas, under low-end encroachment, increasing uncertainty not only benefits the incumbent but also can favor the entrant. An important implication for entrants is that the marketing activities, which aim to reduce consumer uncertainty about product functionalities, may fail to improve profitability. We also find that the entrant lowers the price for uninformed customers and raises the price for repeat buyers under high-end encroachment but lowers the price for all customers under low-end encroachment. We further examine the subsidy strategy and show that, when the entrant’s product has a significant quality advantage and consumer uncertainty is high but not very high, the optimal strategy for the entrant is to acquire all consumers who do not buy from the incumbent by providing subsidies and to drop the low-valuation customers by means of a high price after their uncertainty is resolved.

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