Problematic on the use of synthetic pesticides against insect pests of tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Foumbot, Western Region of Cameroon

An inventory of pest insect of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was carried out in 2018 in five localities of Foumbot production area to find out the effects of using synthetic insecticides on the worrying insects. The quantity applied and frequency of application was equally assessed and compared to those prescribed by the producers. Caiman B, Cypercal, Parastar, Cybemex and Plusfort are used. The insects were captured weekly during March and February during fruits formation and when they are getting ripe. The results showed that the doses and the frequencies of applications are different from a producer to the other. A total of 6485 insect pests belonging to the order Diptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera were captured. The greatest number of insect pests was captured in the locality of Mangoum 1 (19.75%). Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was the most abundant species (62.94%). The damages bring a setback in quantity and quality of the harvest, fruits are not good any more for consumption. The usage of these pesticides without respecting the norms has not reduced the population of the insect pests of tomato at Foumbot, showing that the insects became resistant. We suggest a strict respect of the doses and frequencies and the use of bio-pesticides and essential oils, respectful of the environment.

Download Full-text

Identification of Obstacles and Drivers of Smallholder Rubber Farmers to Become Members of A Processing and Marketing Unit in Indonesia

Applied Economics and Finance ◽

10.11114/aef.v6i2.3938 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Mirza Antoni ◽

Hiromi Tokuda

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Rubber Material ◽

Rubber Production ◽

Study Population ◽

Production Area ◽

The Government ◽

Material Price

The low quality of Indonesian smallholders’ rubber material has encouraged the government to make a policy to establish Processing and Marketing Units (PMUs). However, after 10 years of running the policy, the number of smallholder rubber farmers who are members of a PMU is still very small, even though by becoming a member of a PMU, farmers’ income increases as a result of rising prices. There have been no studies of the reasons why smallholders have not joined as members of a PMU. Therefore this study tries to discern these reasons and PMUs’ performance. The study population comprised 240 smallholders, half of whom represented PMU members and the other half non-members. These were interviewed to record the smallholders’ reasons to join or not join a PMU in South Sumatera Province, the largest rubber production area in Indonesia. Constraints for smallholders to join a PMU include already having a customer middleman, debt with the middleman, and the distance from the farmer’s house to the middleman’s house. Major supports for smallholders to join a PMU include the rubber material price, easily procured support from the government, and the distance of the farmer’s house. PMUs’ performance did not significantly affect the participation of farmers in becoming or not becoming members. Even though PMUs’ performance was good, the interest of smallholders in becoming PMU members did not increase.

Download Full-text

Usage of biopesticides in agriculture practices

Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences ◽

10.35759/janmplsci.v46-3.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 8301-8317

Author(s):

Sanae BENANI ◽

Aziz BOUCHELTA ◽

Sanae AMINE

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Urtica Dioica ◽

High Price ◽

Subsistence Farmers ◽

Small Fields ◽

Synthetic Pesticides ◽

Peasant Farmers

Using pesticides is the first method to control diseases and kill pests and weeds, which are the most menacing and the biggest problem facing agriculture. It is commonly used by developing since it is the solution to increase yields and solve agriculture problems. A part from big farmers, the majority of peasant farmers are unable to pay for synthetic pesticides because of their high price. Moreover, the small fields cultivated by subsistence farmers making the use of such pesticides uneconomic. In morocco, peasant farmers use even pesticides, which are over dose or they use non-certified products. It is understood that it is very harmful for human health and environment as well. Therefore, pesticide plants do not eliminate all pests, but keep their populations under the threshold of harm, and have more advantages than synthetic pesticides. Moreover, pesticide plant extracts decompose rapidly in the environment; which limits the risk of environmental pollution and improves the sanitary quality of cultivated products; also, it controls insect pests by protecting their natural enemies rather than by spraying crops with synthetic pesticides. The aim of this study is to record all products used by farmers to control Bruchus rufimanus especially the use of bio pesticides around Meknes city (Mejjat and Sebet jahjouhe area). It was established that most of big peasant farmers use synthetic pesticides. While small farmers have only access to traditional methods such as Capsicum frutescent, Urtica dioica, salt and ash wood, if not using non-certified products among which rodenticides.

Download Full-text

924 PB 473 EFFECT OF PACKAGING ON POSTHARVET LOSSES OF TOMATOES DURING TRANSPORTATION TO THE MARKET IN ZAMBIA

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.566e ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 566e-566

Author(s):

Mungule D. Chikoye

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

The Other ◽

Processing Industry ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽

Different Types ◽

Tomato Processing ◽

Production Area ◽

In Transit

A two year study was conducted in the high tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), production area of the country (Central and Lusaka Provinces). Tomatoes for the market are packed in wooden boxes, open metal basins and grass baskets. Approx. 5-10% and 20-30% of the fruits packed in wooden boxes, basins and baskets respectively got damaged in transit from site of production to the market. Damage of fruits in wooden boxes was mainly due to the transportation in vehicles of overipe fruits on bumpy roads. Regarding the other containers damage was caused by stacking the containers, on top of each other as well as having different types of produce on top. Most of the damaged fruits could not be sold as the tomato processing industry is not yet well developed.

Download Full-text

Aphid Behavior on Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae) Associated with Ocimum spp. (Lamiaceae) as Repellent Plants

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10050736 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 736

Author(s):

Boni Barthélémy Yarou ◽

Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta ◽

François J. Verheggen ◽

Georges C. Lognay ◽

Frédéric Francis

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Aphis Fabae ◽

Choice Test ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Amaranthus Hybridus ◽

Ocimum Species ◽

Companion Plant ◽

Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽

Synthetic Pesticides

Various plant species contain biocidal and/or semiochemical components. These can be used for managing insect pests, in order to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides and to improve the quality of vegetable crops. This study was conducted to assess the effect of repellent plants Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. on aphids Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli and Myzus persicae Sulzer when they are associated with Amaranthus hybridus L. plants. The results have shown that in the two approaches tested—Ocimum sp. plants surrounded by A. hybridus plants and the dual-choice test—the number of aphids on the A. hybridus plant associated with either O. gratissimum or O. basilicum was significantly less significant compared to the A. hybridus alone. This first study on the association between A. hybridus and Ocimum spp. shows that the Ocimum species might be used as an alternative method for controlling aphids in order to avoid the use of synthetic pesticides on Amaranthus. The ability of Ocimum spp. to repel pests can make it an important companion plant for farmers, because those plants can not only be used to control pests, but they can also be harvested, providing a direct economic return.

Download Full-text

Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn.: A Natural Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) source in Morocco

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00797 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4583-4590

Author(s):

Loubna Koursaoui ◽

Badr Satrani ◽

Mohamed Ghanmi ◽

Sara Cherrad ◽

Imane Jaouadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

The Other ◽

Chemical Quality ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Eucalyptus Sideroxylon

The main objective of this work is to determine the effect of the harvest period on the yield and chemical quality of the essential oils of the Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. leaves of the Mamora forest, Dayet Zerzour Bnifdel region, Rabat. Essential oil yields are remarkably high above 2.3%, with an ultimate rate of 5.48% for the month of April. The chemical quality of these essential oils is characterized by the presence of two major monoterpenes, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) and α-terpineol, which are proportionally inverted in terms of quantity. During the wet months between September and March, the cineole predominates with levels ranging from 72.67% to 86.11% and the other dry months are characterized by an increase of α-terpineol rate from 12.05% to 25.61%. This inverted chemical variability reveals a change in the orientation of cineole and α-terpineol biosynthesis under the control of climatic factors. This work allows us to discern favorable periods for the harvest of Eucalyptus sideroxylon leaves in terms of yield and quality of essential oils.

Download Full-text

Sensory Quality of Essential Oils and Their Synergistic Effect with Diatomaceous Earth, for the Control of Stored Grain Insects

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10040114 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 114 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Erika Carla Pierattini ◽

Stefano Bedini ◽

Francesca Venturi ◽

Roberta Ascrizzi ◽

Guido Flamini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Sensory Quality ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Practical Application ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Stored Grain Insects

Essential oils (EOs) have gained increasing interest as a low-toxic, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic repellents and insecticides against insect pests. However, they have scarce practical application in the protection of stored grain because of their limited efficacy and their interference with the organoleptic properties of the grain. In this study, we evaluated the olfactory profile of the EOs of Foeniculum vulgare, Pistacia lentiscus, and Ocimum basilicum, and their toxicity against the main stored grain pest Sitophilus granarius. Trained assessors identified O. basilicum and F. vulgare, as more suitable than the P. lentiscus EO for the wheat treatment. In laboratory tests, the most toxic EO was the P. lentiscus (LC50 = 36.36 μL∙kg−1) while, the least toxic, was the F. vulgare one (LC50 = 77.59 μL∙kg−1). The EOs were also tested combined with diatomaceous earths (DEs) showing synergistic effects (co-toxicity coefficient values ranging from 1.36 to 3.35 for O. basilicum and F. vulgare EOs, respectively). Overall, O. basilicum resulted as the best EO for the wheat treatment, considering its insect toxicity and olfactory profile. In real storage conditions, the wheat co-treated with O. basilicum EO and DEs showed a significantly lower mean infestation (1.5 insect kg−1) than the non-treated wheat (7.0 insect kg−1).

Download Full-text

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000018321 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 62 (03) ◽

pp. 411-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Colin W. Stearn

Keyword(s):

Patch Reef ◽

Abundant Species ◽

The Other ◽

North Central ◽

Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

Download Full-text

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010008170x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 168-169

Author(s):

K. T. Tokuyasu

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Water Surface ◽

Thin Layers ◽

The Other ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Frozen Sections ◽

The Past ◽

Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽

Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Download Full-text

PENERAPAN iLEARNING SURVEY (iSur) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SISTEM INFORMASI SELAMA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI RAHARJA

CCIT Journal ◽

10.33050/ccit.v7i3.258 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 335-354

Author(s):

Untung Rahardja ◽

Muhamad Yusup ◽

Ana Nurmaliana

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Student Satisfaction ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Online Survey ◽

The Other ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Faculty Performance ◽

Satisfaction Measurement ◽

Valid Information

The accuracy and reliability is the quality of the information. The more accurate and reliable, the more information it’s good quality. Similarly, a survey, the better the survey, the more accurate the information provided. Implementation of student satisfaction measurement to the process of teaching and learning activities on the quality of the implementation of important lectures in order to get feedback on the assessed variables and for future repair. Likewise in Higher Education Prog has undertaken the process of measuring student satisfaction through a distributed questioner finally disemester each class lecture. However, the deployment process questioner is identified there are 7 (seven) problems. However, the problem can be resolved by the 3 (three) ways of solving problems one of which is a system of iLearning Survey (Isur), that is by providing an online survey to students that can be accessed anywhere and anytime. In the implementation shown a prototype of Isur itself. It can be concluded that the contribution Isur system can maximize the decision taken by the Higher Education Prog. By using this Isur system with questions and evaluation forms are submitted and given to the students and the other colleges. To assess the extent to which the campus has grown and how faculty performance in teaching students class, and can be used as a media Isur valid information for an assessment of activities throughout college.

Download Full-text

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽

10.33307/entomon.v43i4.405 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Atanu Seni ◽

Bhimasen Naik

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Gall Midge ◽

Stem Borer ◽

The Other ◽

The Third ◽

Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Download Full-text