scholarly journals Acidic Recovery from Wastewater of Automotive Battery Plant Using Membrane Technology

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Nantanee Chaimongkalayon ◽  
Sudtida P. Thanasupsin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Optimum Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

Diffusion dialysis (DD) equipped with anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is used as an effective tool to recover acidfrom various types of waste acid solutions. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the DD process to recover sulfuric acid (HsSO4) from the acidic wastewater from an automotive battery plant. A numbers of experimental runs was conducted to optimize the equipment’s operating conditions, particularly variations in feed flow and flow rate ratios . The results showed that H2SO4 permeated well through the AEM, while metal ions were efficiently rejected. The recovery of H2SO4 increased as flow rate decreased. Approximately 84.5% of H2SO4 could be recovered at 9 .38 × 10 -5 m3 h-1 m-2. Pb2+ rejection was 69.5%. In addition, recovery efficiency could be improved by increasing the flow rate ratio. At the highest flow rate ratio, DD could recover up to 90% of H2SO4 while the lowest rejection of Pb2+ (61%) was obtained. Also, the investigation of the effect of variation of flow rate ratio on recovery efficiency revealed that the optimum flow rate ratio should be controlled at around 1 to 1.2.

Influence of Physical Properties of Phases on Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Characteristics of a Liquid-Liquid Circular Microchannel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sattari-Najafabadi ◽  
Bengt Sundén ◽  
Zan Wu ◽  
Mohsen Nasr Esfahany
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient

The influences of operating conditions and physical properties of the two phases on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a circular liquid-liquid microchannel have been investigated. The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microchannel has an internal diameter of 0.7 mm and a T-shaped mixing junction. Sodium hydroxide solution was used as the aqueous phase. N-hexane and toluene were employed as the organic phases to investigate the effect of physical properties. Regarding the results, at constant total flow rate, raising the flow rate ratio enhanced the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Using toluene as the organic solvent enhanced the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient in average by 64.7% and 100.27% comparing to n-hexane-water at flow rate ratio of 1 and 0.5, respectively. This increment resulted in a decrement in the required mass transfer time and length in the microchannel. The length of the slugs had no considerable variation as n-hexane was replaced with toluene. Thus, the significant improvement of the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient was because of the increment of the overall mass transfer coefficient, not the specific interfacial area.

scholarly journals Examining the Effect of Flow Rate Ratio on Droplet Generation and Regime Transition in a Microfluidic T-Junction at Constant Capillary Numbers

Inventions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Loizou ◽  
Voon-Loong Wong ◽  
Buddhika Hewakandamby
Keyword(s):  
Transition Region ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Capillary Number ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Regime Transition ◽  
Droplet Volume ◽  
Rate Ratios

The focus of this work is to examine the effect of flow rate ratio (quotient of the dispersed phase flow rate over the continuous phase flow rate) on a regime transition from squeezing to dripping at constant capillary numbers. The effect of the flow rate ratio on the volume of droplets generated in a microfluidic T-junction is discussed, and a new scaling law to estimate their volume is proposed. Existing work on a regime transition reported by several researchers focuses on the effect of the capillary number on regime transition, and the results that are presented in this paper advance the current understanding by indicating that the flow rate ratio is another parameter that dictates regime transition. In this paper, the transition between squeezing and dripping regimes is reported at constant capillary numbers, with a transition region identified between squeezing and dripping regimes. Dripping is observed at lower flow rate ratios and squeezing at higher flow rate ratios, with a transition region between the two regimes at flow rate ratios between 1 and 2. This is presented in a flow regime map that is constructed based on the observed mechanism. A scaling model is proposed to characterise droplet volume in terms of flow rate ratio and capillary number. The effect of flow rate ratio on the non-dimensional droplet volume is presented, and lastly, the droplet volume is expressed in terms of a range of parameters, such as the viscosity ratio between the dispersed and the continuous phase, capillary number, and the geometrical characteristics of the channels.

Effect of N2 Partial Pressure on the Microstructure and Texture of MgO Films Deposited by Rf-Magnetron Sputtering

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 588-591
Author(s):  
S.C. Chen ◽  
Po Cheng Kuo ◽  
Chih Long Shen ◽  
Y.H. Fang ◽  
K.T. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Optimum Flow Rate ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Ar Gas

Intensity of the (200) peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the MgO film increases as N2 is added to Ar gas during MgO deposition. The optimum flow rate ratio of N2 to Ar in order to obtain maximum intensity of the MgO (200) peak is 2 : 5. As introducing N2 gas, no residual nitrogen atoms are found in the MgO films, which are confirmed by AES and ESCA analysis. On the other hand, the TEM dark field image shows that the average grain size of MgO film increases with increasing the flow rate ratio of N2 to Ar. This is due to that the deposition rate of MgO film is decreased with increasing the flow rate ratio of N2 to Ar.

Determination of flow rate ratio for plate valve operating in two-phase medium

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-396
Author(s):  
V. E. Shcherba ◽  
I. S. Berezin ◽  
S. S. Danilenko ◽  
I. E. Titov ◽  
P. P. Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Plate Valve ◽  
Phase Medium

High-performance porous anion exchange membranes for efficient acid recovery from acidic wastewater by diffusion dialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 119116
Author(s):  
Jiuyang Lin ◽  
Junming Huang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Junwei Yu ◽  
Xinqiang You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

Effect of the argon/monomer flow-rate ratio on the flowability trend of PECVD-processed micropowder

2017 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 480-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.R. Giampietro ◽  
M. Gulas ◽  
P. Rudolf von Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio

Effects of Respiration and Gravity on Infradiaphragmatic Venous Flow in Normal and Fontan Patients

Circulation ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tain-Yen Hsia ◽  
Sachin Khambadkone ◽  
Andrew N. Redington ◽  
Francesco Migliavacca ◽  
John E. Deanfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Venous Return ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
In Series ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Fontan Patients

Background —In the Fontan circulation, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances are in series. The implications of this unique arrangement on infradiaphragmatic venous physiology are poorly understood. Methods and Results —We studied the effects of respiration and gravity on infradiaphragmatic venous flows in 20 normal healthy volunteers (control) and 48 Fontan patients (atriopulmonary connection [APC] n=15, total cavopulmonary connection [TCPC] n=30). Hepatic venous (HV), subhepatic inferior vena caval (IVC), and portal venous (PV) flow rates were measured with Doppler ultrasonography during inspiration and expiration in both the supine and upright positions. The inspiratory-to-expiratory flow rate ratio was calculated to reflect the effect of respiration, and the supine-to-upright flow rate ratio was calculated to assess the effect of gravity. HV flow depended heavily on inspiration in TCPC compared with both control and APC subjects (inspiratory-to-expiratory flow rate ratio 3.4, 1.7, and 1.6, respectively; P <0.0001). Normal PV flow was higher in expiration, but this effect was lost in TCPC and APC patients (inspiratory-to-expiratory flow rate ratio 0.8, 1.0, and 1.1, respectively; P =0.01). The respiratory influence on IVC flow was the same in all groups. Gravity decreased HV flow more in APC than in TCPC patients (supine-to-upright flow rate ratio 3.2 versus 2.1, respectively; P <0.04) but reduced PV flow equally in all groups. Conclusions —Gravity and respiration have important influences on infradiaphragmatic venous return in Fontan patients. Although gravity exerts a significant detrimental effect on lower body venous return, which is more marked in APC than in TCPC patients, the beneficial effects of respiration in TCPC patients are mediated primarily by an increase in HV flow. These effects may have important short- and long-term implications for the hemodynamics of the Fontan circulation.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental investigation on the depressurization capacity of a new type of depressure-dominated jet mill bit

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602-1615
Author(s):  
Xu-Yue Chen ◽  
Tong Cao ◽  
Kai-An Yu ◽  
De-Li Gao ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
New Type

AbstractEfficient cuttings transport and improving rate of penetration (ROP) are two major challenges in horizontal drilling and extended reach drilling. A type of jet mill bit (JMB) may provide an opportunity to catch the two birds with one stone: not only enhancing cuttings transport efficiency but also improving ROP by depressuring at the bottom hole. In this paper, the JMB is further improved and a new type of depressure-dominated JMB is presented; meanwhile, the depressurization capacity of the depressure-dominated JMB is investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. The numerical study shows that low flow-rate ratio helps to enhance the depressurization capacity of the depressure-dominated JMB; for both depressurization and bottom hole cleaning concern, the flow-rate ratio is suggested to be set at approximately 1:1. With all other parameter values being constant, lower dimensionless nozzle-to-throat-area ratio may result in higher depressurization capacity and better bottom hole cleaning, and the optimal dimensionless nozzle-to-throat-area ratio is at approximately 0.15. Experiments also indicate that reducing the dimensionless flow-rate ratio may help to increase the depressurization capacity of the depressure-dominated JMB. This work provides drilling engineers with a promising tool to improve ROP.

The Characteristics of CH4-Vapor Catalytic Reforming Reaction Considering CO2 and CH4 Reaction in the Micro-Chamber

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Yu Ran ◽  
Li-Xiang Niu ◽  
Qiang Tang ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Ni Catalyst ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Reforming

Methane and vapor catalytic-reaction is a complex reaction system, and especially CH4/CO2 reaction has an important influence to the methane/vapor reforming reaction. In this paper, the reaction character for methane and vapor catalytic reforming reaction in the micro-chamber wall with Ni catalyst is numerically investigated. The results show that the CH4/CO2 reaction has a vital influence on reactive characteristics in the different H2O/CH4 mole ratio and the mass flow-rate. With increasing the H2O/CH4 mole ratio, the concentration of H2 and CO2 increases, the concentration of CO increases and then decreases, but if the H2O/CH4 mole ratio is more than 2.5, the result is different. The reaction efficiency will descend while the flow-rate increases. The results also display that the methane conversion ratio, the vapor conversion ratio, and the hydrogen concentrations can be up to 81.73%, 69.42%, and 4.29%, while the H2O/CH4 mole ratio, flow-rate and methane/vapor mass flow-rate ratio are 2.5, 7 g/h and 0.1 respectively.

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