scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS HARIAN DUA KELOMPOK MONYET HITAM SULAWESI (Macaca nigra) DI CAGAR ALAM TANGKOKO-BATUANGUS, SULAWESI UTARA

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Deidy Katili ◽  
Saroyo Saroyo
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Macaca Nigra

PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS HARIAN DUA KELOMPOK MONYET HITAM SULAWESI (Macaca nigra) DI CAGAR ALAM TANGKOKO-BATUANGUS, SULAWESI UTARA Deidy Katili 1) dan Saroyo 1) 1)Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Jl. Kampus UNSRAT Manado 95115; e-mail: [email protected]   ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang perbandingan aktivitas harian dua kelompok monyet hitam Sulawesi (Macaca nigra) di Cagar Alam Tangkoko-Batuangus, Sulawesi Utara dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan frekuensi aktivitas harian pada kondisi habitat yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2009 pada dua kelompok Macaca nigra terhabituasi, yaitu kelompok Rambo I (KRI) dan kelompok Rambo II (KRII). KRI lebih banyak menempati hutan primer, sedangkan KRII lebih banyak menempati hutan sekunder dan semak belukar. Aktivitas harian dibedakan menjadi 5 kelas, yaitu makan (feeding), mencari makan (foraging), berpindah (moving), istirahat (resting), dan sosial (social). Data aktivitas harian diambil dengan menggunakan metode focal animal sampling dengan interval 2 menit dari jam 06.00 sampai jam 18.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua kelompok memiliki frekuensi aktivitas yang berbeda tetapi hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan frekuensi aktivitas makan kedua kelompok tersebut tidak berbeda nyata. Aktivitas terbanyak yang dilakukan oleh kedua kelompok tersebut adalah makan. Kata kunci: aktivitas harian, cagar alam Tangkoko-Batuangus, Macaca nigra,     COMPARISON OF DAILY ACTIVITIES BETWEEN TWO GROUPS OF SULAWESI-CRESTED-BLACK-MACAQUES (Macaca nigra) AT TANGKOKO-BATUANGUS NATURE RESERVE, NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACTThe comparison of daily activities between two groups of Sulawesi-crested-black-macaques (Macaca nigra) was studied at Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi. This study aimed to analyze the different of daily activities frequency in the different habitat condition. This research was conducted on two habituated group in January to December 2009.  The first group was Rambi I that was accupied in the primary forest and the second group was  that was occupied in the secondary forest as well as in the shurb.  The daily activities were grouped into 5 classes, i.e. feeding, foraging, moving, resting, and social. Daily activity data were collected using focal-animal- sampling from 06.00 a.m. to 06.00 p.m with 2 minutes interval.  The results showed the different frequency of daily activities between the groups, however, the differences were not significant based on Chi-Square test.  The highest frequency of daily activity was feeding. Keywords: daily activities, Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, Macaca nigra

scholarly journals Perilaku Harian Monyet Hitam Sulawesi (Macaca nigra) pada Masa Kebuntingan di Cagar Alam Tangkoko-Batuangus, Sulawesi Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
ANDRE PASETHA ◽  
DYAH PERWITASARI FARAJALLAH ◽  
. GHOLIB
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
International Union ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Macaca Nigra ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Crested macaque (Macaca nigra), one of the seven endemic primates in Sulawesi is the most endangered macaque species that has been categorized as critically endangered by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, almost nothing is known about the reproductive biology in associated with the behavioral during pregnancy. The data is important to support a management and breeding programs such as pregnancy diagnostic and conservation program in this species. The research aimed was to study the behavior of the crested macaques during pregnancy. Observations were performed on the 10 adult females of the group of Rambo 1 (R1) which has been habituated at Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi. Behavioral data were collected using focal animal sampling and recorded using instantanaeous sampling on females during menstrual cycling, pregnancy, and after parturition (lactation). During five months observations, a total of 393.63 observation hours were recorded. The results showed that daily activities of the M. nigra during menstrual cycling were dominated by feeding (26.60%), foraging (15.95%), and locomotion (16.16%). Daily activities during pregnancy was dominated by feeding (27.03%), foraging (16.37%), and resting (13.45%), whereas after parturition (lactation) period is dominated by resting (26.12%), foraging (19.51%), and feeding (14.98%). The resting was the most activity in the end of pregnancy and few day after parturition. The diets were collected successfully composed of the fruits (34 species), arthropods (3 species, 2 families, 4 orders), fungi (4 genus), and plants (5 species). Climate was influenced on the composition of the diet, especially on fruit and arthropods. In conclusion, the activity budgets were different during menstrual cycling, pregnancy, and lactation, especially feeding, foraging, locomotion, and resting. 

scholarly journals New insights into Sulawesi's apex predator: the Sulawesi civet Macrogalidia musschenbroekii

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-881
Author(s):  
Iwan Hunowu ◽  
Alfons Patandung ◽  
Wulan Pusparini ◽  
Isabel Danismend ◽  
Andi Cahyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Potential Competitor

AbstractThe Sulawesi civet Macrogalidia musschenbroekii is endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, where it is the largest mammalian predator. Limited field data means that little is known about the species’ distribution, habitat preferences, conservation status and needs, but it is believed to depend on primary forest. We conducted camera-trap surveys across the forests of North Sulawesi, including in two of its main protected areas: Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park and Tangkoko Nature Reserve. From 148 camera trap stations and 10,371 trap nights, Sulawesi civets were recorded 17 times at 12 stations, and in almost equal numbers in primary forest, secondary forest and farmland, including the first photographic records from both the National Park and Nature Reserve. We also collected data on the Malay civet Viverra tangalunga, an introduced species of Viverridae and potential competitor. Our records (n = 21) revealed that it is established in secondary forest; it only co-occurred twice with the Sulawesi civet. With a lapse of > 20 years since the last field record of the Sulawesi civet, our findings offer new insight into its status and new enthusiasm within the provincial government for its conservation, which has led to an extension of camera-trap research into neighbouring Gorontalo province.

scholarly journals LAMA KEBUNTINGAN MONYET HITAM SULAWESI (Macaca nigra) DI CAGAR ALAM TANGKOKO-BATUANGUS, SULAWESI UTARA

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroyo Saroyo
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Macaca Nigra ◽  
Birth Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sulawesi Crested Black Macaque ◽  
Length Of Gestation

A research about gestational length of Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra) has conducted to determine the length between conception and birth. Five adult females of Rambo II Group at Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, were used as samples. Data collection used focal animal sampling to observe the sex swelling cycle and the time when they gave birth. The length of gestation was determined by counting the time duration between middle fully swollen until giving birth. Data was analyzed descriptively to count the mean and standard deviation. Result showed that the gestational length of Sulawesi crested black macaque was 183.6 ± 11.6 days. From this result can be concluded that the gestational length of this species is longer than other Macaca species.

Spider diversity in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ((suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 209-243
Author(s):  
J.K.H. Koh ◽  
D.J. Court
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
First Time

This paper discusses the preliminary results of the first comprehensive survey of the spiders of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore. Two plots were established in each of the three zones of vegetation, viz., primary forest, old secondary forest, and maturing secondary forest. They were repeatedly sampled over an 18-month period. Sorting of the collection so far suggests that the three vegetation zones harbour rather different spider assemblages. Only ~9% of the total spider fauna recovered was shared by all three zones. The results have also yielded a preliminary picture of dominance, abundance and rarity. Although first intended to obtain a baseline for future quantitative analyses, the survey became a testing ground to modify and refine methodology so as to conduct future quantitative surveys with greater scientific rigour. Taxonomic work on the samples so far shows that the spiders in the BTNR span over 43 families, of which six families are listed for the first time in Singapore. The tally is summarised in an interim checklist of BTNR spiders. The checklist, with a total of 317 entries, shows that there are 158 described species of spiders in BTNR, of which 25 species are new records for Singapore. Another 159 morphospecies are provisionally recognised as distinct species, some of which may be new to science. Our observations during the survey have allowed us to provide a narrative of BTNR spider diversity against a backdrop of their microhabitat specialisation.

scholarly journals Ecotourism in the Tangkoko DuaSudara Nature Reserve: opening Pandora' box?

Oryx ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret F. Kinnaird ◽  
Timothy G. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Macaca Nigra ◽  
Visitor Numbers

Indonesia, like many other developing countries, is turning to ecotourism in an attempt to integrate the goals of development and nature conservation. Although ecotourism may be a valuable tool for preservation of biodiversity, it can have long-term negative effects on reserves, wildlife and local communities if improperly managed. In this study the authors evaluated ecotourism in the Tangkoko DuaSudara Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, by examining trends in visitor numbers, the tourist experience, the distribution of tourist revenues, and tourist impact on the Sulawesi black macaque Macaca nigra and spectral tarsier Tarsier spectrum. The data collected showed that, although tourism is expanding rapidly, local benefits are not being fully realized, the reserve does not generate enough money to implement management, and primate behaviour is being affected. There is urgent need for a change in legal status of the reserve if ecotourism is to be managed. National park status would accommodate ecotourism planning and development, provide for greater participation by the local community, and allow for increased revenues for management.

scholarly journals Distribusi Dan Diversitas Serangga Tanah Di Taman Hutan Raya Gunung Tumpa Sulawesi Utara

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mailani Basna ◽  
Roni Koneri ◽  
Adelfia Papu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Insect Distribution ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Positive Effect

Serangga tanah merupakan jenis dari serangga yang seluruh atau sebagian hidupnya berada di tanah. Serangga tanah berperan penting dalam ekosistem yaitu membantu proses pelapukan bahan organik dan keberadaan serta aktivitasnya berpengaruh positif terhadap sifat kimia fisik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji distribusi dan diversitas serangga tanah di Gunung Tumpa, Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi pengambilan sampel terdiri dari tiga tipe habitat yaitu, hutan primer, hutan sekunder dan lahan perkebunan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan perangkap sumuran (Pitfall trap). Hasil penelitian  ditemukan serangga tanah sebanyak 10 ordo, 23 famili, 28 genus, 33 morfospesies dan 21100 individu.  Ordo Hymenoptera didominasi oleh famili Formicidae. Pola distribusi serangga tanah di Gunung Tumpa berkelompok. Indeks diversitas spesies di Gunung Tumpa tergolong sedang (H = 2,62). Kelimpahan spesies dan indeks diversitas spesies serangga tanah tertinggi ditemukan pada hutan primer, sedangkan yang terendah pada lahan perkebunan dan hutan sekunder.Soil Insects is a type of insect that all or part of his life was on the ground. Soil insects plays an important role in the ecosystem that is helping the process of weathering and the presence of organic matter as well as its activities towards the positive effect of physical chemical properties of the soil. This research aims to identify, examine the distribution and diversity of insects land on Mount Tumpa, North Sulawesi. Location of sampling consists of three types of habitat i.e., primary forest, secondary forest and plantations. The technique of sampling using Pitfall trap. Results of the study found as many as 10 soil insect orders, 23 families, 28 genera, 33 morfospesies and 21100 individuals. The order of Hymenoptera is dominated by the Formicidae. The pattern of soil insect distribution in Gunung Tumpa is clumped. Index of species diversity in Mt. Tumpa belongs to moderate (H = 2.62). The highest abudance and diversity index of soil insect species were found in primary forest, while the lowest was on plantation and secondary forest.

scholarly journals Daily Activity of Male Mice (Mus musculus) in Laboratory

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Rian Oktiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Social Exploration ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Main Activity

The importance of observing the behavior of mice in the laboratory is additional information to compare with their behavior in nature and an effort to increase the welfare of mice (animal welfare) through alleviating the pain and suffering associated with scientific procedures. This study aims to study the daily activities of male mice in the laboratory. The method used was ad libitum and focal animal sampling. Based on the ad libitum sampling method, the daily activities of male mice in the laboratory were divided into 9 activities, namely locomotion, grooming, eating, foraging, social, exploration, resting, making nests, and drinking. Based on the focal animal sampling method, the main activity carried out by male mice in the laboratory was locomotion.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAH ALPHA MALE MONYET HITAM (Macaca nigra) DI CAGAR ALAM TANGKOKO

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Ryan G.H. Mondoringin ◽  
Rita S.H Wungow ◽  
Jantje Paath ◽  
Joice J.I Rompas
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Macaca Nigra ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Group 1

IDENTIFICATION OF ALPHA MALE BLACK MONKEY (Macaca nigra) BEHAVIOR IN THE NATURE RESERVE TANGKOKO. This study aims to get the latest specific data regarding behavior Alpha male / Rambo dominant male in the group 1 in the nature reserve Tangkoko. Materials used 1 Monkey Black Male Dominant (Alpha Male) in group 1 residing Rambo in Tangkoko Nature Reserve Batuangus Bitung, North Sulawesi. The data obtained are analyzed and presented descriptively in the form of graphs or histograms. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: (1) The most long-standing activity Alpha Male / Male Dominance in the morning is locomotion and foraging and agonistic. During the day are: foraging, locomotion, grooming, and inactive. (2) Activities are at least done either in the morning or during the day is the mating activity (coitus). (3) Behaviour Males Dominant Alpha Male is different from other black monkeys in one group   Keywords: Alpha Male (Macaca nigra), identification of behavior

scholarly journals Kajian Perilaku Dan Pakan Drop In Monyet Hitam Sulawesi (Macaca Nigra) Di Taman Agro Satwa Dan Wisata Bumi Kedaton

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dwi Suherli ◽  
Sugeng P. Harianto ◽  
Yusuf Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Macaca Nigra ◽  
Daily Behavior

Sulawesi black monkey (Macaca nigra) is endemic  animal in Sulawesi. Habitat of sulawesi black monkey are in tropical rain forest, primary and secondary forest.  Sulawesi black monkeys are hunted for consumption, trade, and used as pets. The efforts of breeding and protection of the existence of sulawesi black monkey can be performed by insitu or eksitu conservation. For successful breeding, we need information about the behavior and food nutrient content , therefore the study was conducted. The aims of this study are  to determine the daily behavior and nutritional value of drop in food in the breeding cage. The research was done in Agro Animal And Garden Tours Bumi Kedaton (TASWBK). The research methods of daily behavioral used focal sampling and nutrient content of sulawesi black monkey food were analyzed by proximate and conversion methods of food composition. The results showed the highest proportion of daily activities of sulawesi black monkey is resting (34.22%), followed by eating (32.89%), moving (24.89%), and others (8%). The type of drop in food provided form muli bananas, carrots, sweet potatoes, cucumbers, kale, spinach, beans and corn.  Keywords:  Sulawesi black monkey, daily behavior

scholarly journals The parasitism of Ixodes luciae (Acari: Ixodidae) on marsupials and rodents in Peruvian Amazon

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Mónica Díaz ◽  
Santiago Nava ◽  
Alberto Alejandro Guglielmone
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tick Distribution

In this work the infestation with I. luciae on Didelphimorphia and Rodentia in different environments of Peruvian Amazon was studied. Didelphimorphia was represented by the family Didelphidae. Specimens belonging to Caluromys lanatus, Didelphis marsupialis, Marmosops sp.2, Metachirus nudicaudatus, Philander andersoni and Philander opossum were infested with adults I. luciae and one Micoureus sp. was infested with larvae. In Rodentia, the infestation with I. luciae nymphs was restricted to Hylaeamys perenensis, Hylaeamys yunganus and Oligoryzomys microtis, while one Oecomys bicolor (all Cricetidae) was infested with larvae of this species. The few larvae were found on rodents captured in primary forest. The only significant difference (P < 0.05) in prevalence of adult ticks on Didelphimorphia was between P. andersoni and M. nudicaudatus (chi-square distribution). Adult tick distribution was significant different in P. andersoni in comparison with M. nudicaudatus, P. opossum and D. marsupialis (Kruskal-Wallis test). No significant effect of month or environment was detected in relation to adult tick infestation on Didelphimorphia. The prevalence of nymphal infestation as well as tick distribution showed that H. perenensis and H. yunganus were significantly more prone to be infested with nymphs of I. luciae than O. microtis. Prevalence of nymph infestation was higher in primary and secondary forest than rural areas while abundance was higher in secondary forest when compared with rural areas (P < 0.05). Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences (P < 0.05) for nymphal infestation during December in relation to January, March, April and June. The natural cycle of I. luciae appeared to be continuous, bound to adult tick infestation on Philander and nymphal infestation on Hylaeamys in forested environs.

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