scholarly journals Distribution of the Proportionality Coefficient of Winter Route Accounting

2021 ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
I. A. Kondratenkov
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Proportionality Factor ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Proportionality Coefficient ◽  
Constant Multiplier

In previous studies it was shown that the coefficient of proportionality of the winter route count (WRC) of animals included in the formula of WRC in the form of a constant multiplier π/2, is actually a random variable – the same as the average number of intersections account route traces per unit length, and the average length of the diurnal animals. The value π/2 is the mathematical expectation value of the proportionality factor, provided that the count route equiprobably crosses the daily footprint at any place and at any angle from 0 to 2π during a winter route counting of animals. At the same time, both the nature of the distribution of the coefficient as a random variable and the values of its variance as its other statistical characteristics remained unknown. In this study, it was found that when the above-mentioned count conditions are met, the distribution of the proportionality coefficient of WRC as a random variable will be exponential or power-like. This allows calculating the values of its variance and relative statistical error in advance without collecting additional count data.

scholarly journals A Method for the Statistical Evaluation of Crosstalk Effect Between Three Parallel Conductors

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
P. T. Trakadas ◽  
C. N. Capsalis
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Mutual Inductance ◽  
Theoretical Results

There are several cases at which, in order to evaluate the crosstalk effect among transmission lines carrying useful signals, there is a need for probabilistic approach. This paper considers the problem of crosstalk estimation between transmission lines consisting of three conductors in a homogeneous surrounding medium, where the distance between the conductors is a random variable described by uniform distribution. The transmission lines are considered as electrically short. A closed-form equation is developed for the statistical distribution of the per-unit-length mutual inductance(lm)and an analytical one is described for the evaluation of the per-unit-length capacitance(cm). Theoretical results are compared with simulated ones for validation purposes.

scholarly journals Statistical characteristics of sources of vehicle kinematic excitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 00011
Author(s):  
Jozef Melcer ◽  
Eva Merčiaková ◽  
Mária Kúdelčíková
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Spectral Density ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Kinematic Excitation ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
The Individual

The longitudinal and transverse road profiles represent the functions of a random variable from a mathematical point of view. It is appropriate to use methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics for their description. The unevenness of the runway surface is the main source of the vehicle's kinematic excitation. This paper describes the statistical properties of the mapped road profiles. It shows a way of categorizing road surface quality based on the power spectral density of unevenness. The interrelationships between the individual points of the profile and the profiles with one another are evaluated by correlation functions.

Uncertainty Analysis of Flood Forecasting in River Channel

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2489-2492
Author(s):  
Qun Hao ◽  
Ying Na Sun ◽  
Ning Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Forward Algorithm ◽  
Linear Characteristic

In this paper, the stochastic differential equations theory was used to analyze the uncertainty of flood forecasting in river channel based on the forward algorithm of linear characteristic. And then a river channel flood forecasting model, in which the coefficient of storage and discharge was regarded as a random variable, was built. The statistical characteristics of outflow process could be taken part in theory by the built river channel flood forecasting model when the coefficient of storage obeyed a kind of normal distribution. Storage coefficient is random variable in the model. The results showed that the uncertainty degree of outflow process could be made through considering the uncertainty of river channel flood forecasting, which would provide some references for making decision in flood control.

A RSS Method for Estimating Hole Dimension Error in a Batch Micro-EDM Process

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Wang ◽  
J. L. Hou ◽  
F. C. Hsu ◽  
Y. Y. Liao ◽  
Steven Liang
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Dimension ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Micro Edm ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Fixed Dimension ◽  
Process Error ◽  
Hole Dimension ◽  
Edm Process

In an attempt to estimate the spread of errors in an EDM hole making process, a new Root-Sum-Square (RSS) method is proposed to combine the dimensional spread of a batch of electrodes with the over-cut variation in the micro-EDM process. Two sources of errors are commonly associated with an EDM process and contribute to the dimensional accuracy of the EDMed hole: the dimensional variation of the electrodes and the process over-cut error and its variation. Especially in a micro-EDM process, it is often difficult and time-consuming to measure the geometric dimension and tolerance of either a batch of electrodes or holes of small dimensions. By quantitatively establishing the relationship among the spreads in geometric errors of the electrodes and holes and the process capability, this new method provides an analytical tool in predicting hole error and allows allocating the tolerance budget when selecting the appropriate electrode making process, the EDM machine and process parameters. A series of experiments are carried out to establish and verify the RSS method. Given a set of EDM parameters and a batch of electrodes, the process error in the average over-cut and its spread is first obtained by the RSS method. The process error is then verified by separate experiments with electrodes of fixed dimension under the same EDM conditions. The validity of RSS method is further confirmed by experiments under different electrode dimensions. The RSS method is shown to well represent the contribution of both electrode and process errors to the statistical characteristics of the hole dimension. The establishment of this statistical error model should facilitate the design and control of hole quality by balancing the requirements for the dimensional accuracy of the electrodes and the process accuracy in a batch production environment.

scholarly journals Estimating Insecticide Application Frequencies: A Comparison of Geometric and Other Count Data Models

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan J. Hubbell
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Efficacy Rate ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Count Data Models ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Geometric Random Variable

AbstractThe number of insecticide applications made by an apple grower to control an insect infestation is modeled as a geometric random variable. Insecticide efficacy, rate per application, month of treatment, and method of application all have significant impacts on the expected number of applications. The number of applications to control a given insect population is dependent on the probability of achieving successful control with a given application. Results suggest that northeastern growers have the highest and mid-Atlantic growers the lowest probability of controlling an infestation with a given application. Results also indicate that scales require the least and moths the most number of applications. Growers are not responsive to per unit insecticide prices, but respond negatively to insecticide toxicity, supporting findings from previous pesticide demand analyses.

scholarly journals A Weighted Poisson Distribution for Underdispersed Count Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Chedly Gelin Louzayadio ◽  
Rodnellin Onesime Malouata ◽  
Michel Diafouka Koukouatikissa
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Exponential Family ◽  
Discrete Distribution ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Poisson Random Variable ◽  
Weighted Version ◽  
Poisson Variable ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
New Distribution

In this paper, we present a new weighted Poisson distribution for modeling underdispersed count data. Weighted Poisson distribution occurs naturally in contexts where the probability that a particular observation of Poisson variable enters the sample gets multiplied by some non-negative weight function. Suppose a realization y of Y a Poisson random variable enters the investigator’s record with probability proportional to w(y): Clearly, the recorded y is not an observation on Y, but on the random variable Yw, which is said to be the weighted version of Y. This distribution a two-parameter is from the exponential family, it includes and generalizes the Poisson distribution by weighting. It is a discrete distribution that is more flexible than other weighted Poisson distributions that have been proposed for modeling underdispersed count data, for example, the extended Poisson distribution (Dimitrov and Kolev, 2000). We present some moment properties and we estimate its parameters. One classical example is considered to compare the fits of this new distribution with the extended Poisson distribution.

scholarly journals On Predictive Distribution of K-Inflated Poisson Models with and Without Additional Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Abdolnasser Sadeghkhani ◽  
S. Ejaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Predictive Distribution ◽  
Bayesian Estimator ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Model Independent

This   paper   addresses  different   approaches  in  finding   the   Bayesian predictive distribution of a random  variable from a Poisson  model that  can handle  count data  with an inflated  value  of K ∈ N, known as the KIP  model. We explore  how we can  use  other  source  of additional information to  find such  an estimator. More specifically, we find a Bayesian estimator of future density of random  variable Y1 , based  on observable X1  from the K1 IP(p1 , λ1 ) model, with and without assuming that  there exists  another random  variable X2 , from the K2 IP(p2 , λ2 ) model, independent of X1 , provided λ1  ≥ λ2 , and compare their  performance using  simulation method.

scholarly journals Average C-Unit Lengths in the Discourse of African American Children From Low-Income, Urban Homes

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly K. Craig ◽  
Julie A. Washington ◽  
Connie Thompson-Porter
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
African American Boys ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
American Children

This investigation reports average length of communication units (C-nits) in words and in morphemes for 95 4- to 6 1/2-year-old African American boys and girls from lower-income homes in metropolitan Detroit. Mean C-units increased across the age span of this sample, and kindergartners produced significantly longer C-units than preschoolers. The syntactic complexity of the children's language samples correlated positively with increases in C-unit length, and regression analyses revealed that syntactic complexity was the best predictor of mean C-unit length. Children with longer average C-unit lengths produced greater frequencies of all types of syntactic complexity. Their language samples were distinguished from children with shorter mean C-unit lengths by clauses linked with coordinate and subordinate conjunctions. The findings indicate that average C-unit length will be useful as a quantitative index of linguistic growth in research designs focusing on young school-age African American children living in poverty.

scholarly journals Characterization of strawberry (Fragaria vesca) sequence genome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Li ◽  
Lide Chen ◽  
Zhongjie Liu ◽  
Mengjie Cui ◽  
Lingfei Shangguan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Intronless Gene ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractBackgroundIn order to understand strawberry genes’ structure and evolution in this era of genomics, it is important to know the general statistical characteristics of the gene, intron and exon structures of strawberry and the expression of genes on different parts of strawberry genome. In the present study, about 32,422 genes on strawberry chromosomes were evaluated, and a number of bioinformatic softwares were used to analyze the characteristics of genes, exons and introns, expression of genes in different regions on the chromosomes. Also, the positions of strawberry centromeres were predicted.ResultsOur results showed that, there are differences in the various features of different chromosomes and also vary in different parts of the same chromosome. The longer the number of genes, the longer the length of chromosome. The average length of genes is about 2809bp and the length of the individual gene is 0–2000bp with 5.3 exons and 4.3 introns per gene. The average length of the exon was 229bp and the intron was 413bp. Among the evaluated genes, ehe intronless gene accounted for 20.05%. Consistently a same trend with the expression levels of the same parts of the gene on a chromosome in different organizations was observed. Finally, the number of genes was positively correlated with the number of intronless, and there was a negative correlation of the length of the gene. The length of the gene depends primarily on the length of the intron, and the length of the exon has little effect on it. The number of exons was negatively correlated with the length of the exons, and the intron was also true.ConclusionThe results of this investigation could definitely provide a significant foundation for further research on function analysis of gene family in Strawberry.

scholarly journals MAIN PARAMETERS OF TRACTOR K-424 (KIRYUSHA) WORK IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE APERRY UNIT IN THE CONDITIONS OF ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Сергей Мардарьев ◽  
Sergey Mardar'ev ◽  
Александр Акимов ◽  
Aleksandr Akimov ◽  
Владимир Медведев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Hardness ◽  
The Individual

A method for calculating the optimal parameters of soil-processing aggregates is proposed. In particular, the optimal parameters for the operation of the new K-424 Kiryusha Russian tractor in adaptive landscape farming are given. As is known, when studying the methods of increasing the efficiency of arable aggregates, it is necessary to consider the soil as an object of machining, which is characterized by hardness, mechanical composition, specific resistance, stickiness, plasticity, humidity, resistance to various deformations, coefficients of external and internal friction, stony, etc. Many researchers found that one of the main factors affecting the technological process of soil cultivation is its hardness. The spatial variability of the soil hardness of the field can be represented in the form of statistical characteristics or by mapping in isolines. The method of representing the spatial variability of the soil hardness of the field by the statistical method consists in establishing the hardness of the soil as a random variable. This method has a number of drawbacks, since it is required to repeatedly measure the studied quantities at the same points of the field, which is not always possible. Therefore, it is expedient to present the spatial variability of the soil hardness of the field in the form of maps containing isolines of soil hardness. Thus, the analysis of research on the operation of arable aggregates has shown that the most general relationship between performance indicators and operating conditions is manifested in their potential performance characteristics (PPC). The PPC combines the potential traction and performance characteristics of tractors and, in relation to the unit, represent the curves of changes in productivity and specific fuel consumption, depending on the individual parameters of its operation.

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