scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Water Hyacinth Ash by XRD and SEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Murugesh V. ◽  
Ruth Keziah .M
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiple Signals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specific Term ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Material Substances

The specific term for the Water hyacinth plant is Eichhorniacrassipes. The water plant that flows freely, rising at still or slower water sources. Water Hyacinth develops massive biomass and doubles its population in two weeks by fast-growing. These entail a loss of biodiversity, water pollution, water loss, agriculture, infrastructure damage and negatively effect on public safety, and water species. The objective of the study is to evaluate the chemical composition of water hyacinth ash by XRD and SEM .XRD is an obligatory method for analysing the characteristics and composition of materials. It is a nondestructive method to analyse all types of material substances like powder, crystals, and fluids. Nowadays X-ray diffraction Techniques are utilized in assorted fields like research, development, and production of materials. The particle size, shapes, surface roughness, and fracture are defined using aEDAX. When a sample is placed on the beam and multiple signals determine the interactions with the samples. Acetone is used to stop the hydration reactions. Then the specimen is dried and made to conduct. Finally, a micrograph was recorded using SEM.

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Water Hyacinth Ash by XRD and SEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Dr. V. Murugesh ◽  
◽  
Ruth Keziah M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiple Signals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specific Term ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Material Substances

The specific term for the Water hyacinth plant is Eichhorniacrassipes. The water plant that flows freely, rising at still or slower water sources. Water Hyacinth develops massive biomass and doubles its population in two weeks by fast-growing. These entail a loss of biodiversity, water pollution, water loss, agriculture, infrastructure damage and negatively effect on public safety, and water species. The objective of the study is to evaluate the chemical composition of water hyacinth ash by XRD and SEM .XRD is an obligatory method for analysing the characteristics and composition of materials. It is a non-destructive method to analyse all types of material substances like powder, crystals, and fluids. Nowadays X-ray diffraction Techniques are utilized in assorted fields like research, development, and production of materials. The particle size, shapes, surface roughness, and fracture are defined using aEDAX. When a sample is placed on the beam and multiple signals determine the interactions with the samples. Acetone is used to stop the hydration reactions. Then the specimen is dried and made to conduct. Finally, a micrograph was recorded using SEM.

Measurement of Relaxation in Strained Layer Semiconductor Structures

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. G. Halliwell
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strained Layer ◽  
Semiconductor Structures ◽  
Cubic Materials ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Layers

Many advanced semiconductor device designs require the growth of heteroepitaxial layers with lattice parameters differing by up to a few percent with respect to the substrate. X-ray diffraction offers a nondestructive method of determining the extent of relaxation. This paper discusses the sensitivity of x-ray techniques to small amounts of relaxation, describes how relaxation is measured in cubic materials for layer on (001) substrates and suggests nomenclature for the case of asymmetric relaxation.

X-ray diffraction study of concentration depth profiles of binary alloy coatings during thermal diffusion: application to brass coating

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bolle ◽  
A. Tidu ◽  
J. J. Heizmann
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Line Profile Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Diffraction Line Profile ◽  
Concentration Depth Profile ◽  
Concentration Depth Profiles

Using the Houska method based on X-ray diffraction-line profile analysis, new mathematical treatments are proposed to compute directly the concentration depth profile of thin films obtained by diffusion. As an example, concentration depth profiles of a brass layer have been studied during the thermal diffusion process. This nondestructive method is fast (a few minutes) and allows the sample to be used for complementary analysis if necessary.

scholarly journals Bonsu: the interactive phase retrieval suite

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus C. Newton ◽  
Yoshinori Nishino ◽  
Ian K. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Data Manipulation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Python Language ◽  
Real Time Visualization ◽  
Diffraction Imaging

Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging has received considerable attention as a nondestructive method for probing material structure at the nanoscale. However, tools for reconstructing and analysing data in both two and three dimensions have lagged somewhat behind.Bonsu, the interactive phase retrieval suite, is the first software package that allows real-time visualization of the reconstruction of phase information in both two and three dimensions. It comes complete with an inventory of algorithms and routines for data manipulation and reconstruction.Bonsuis open source, is designed around the Python language (with C++ bindings) and is largely platform independent.Bonsuis made available under version three of the GNU General Public License and can be found at https://code.google.com/p/bonsu/.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF CELLULASE OF CHAETOMIUM GLOBOSUM FOR PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM WATER HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES)

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
HERMAN SURYADI ◽  
YULIANITA PRATIWI INDAH LESTARI ◽  
MIRAJUNNISA ◽  
ARRY YANUAR
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
X Ray

Objective: This study aimed to increase the yield of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) made from water hyacinth ɑ-cellulose by enzymatic hydrolysis by using purified enzyme and to find it’s characteristics compared to the reference. Methods: In this research, MCC was prepared from water hyacinth powder through the chemical isolation process of ɑ-cellulose, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with purified cellulase from Chaetomium globosum. The yield of MCC was improved by using purified enzyme and optimization of temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time. Identification was carried out by using ZnCl and infrared spectrophotometry, followed by characterization of MCC include particle size analysis (PSA) and diffracto­gram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction) compared to reference Avicel PH 101. Results: Purified enzyme from Chaetomium globosum has high activity with a clear zone area of 45 mm with cellulolytic index 6.5 that almost same as Trichoderma reesei (50 mm), with the cellulase enzyme activity of 6.691 U/ml. The optimum condition was at a temperature of 50⁰C and pH 6.0 with the hydrolysis time of 2 h, which produced 95% yield of MCC. Identification with ZnCl and FTIR spectrum showed positive results, similar to the reference. The results of organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffracto­gram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction) showed crystalline characteristic similar to reference (Avicel PH 101). Conclusion: Enzyme from Chaetomium globosum has a higher activity of cellulase than Trichoderma reesei with MCC obtained was 95%. Based on the comparison of the organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffracto­gram pattern, MCC from water hyacinth has a great potential which showed similar characteristic to reference (Avicel pH 101).

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

High Resolution Replication of Organoclay Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Mineral Identification

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.

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