scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Tanning Agent on Mechanical Properties of Animal Skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2814-2819
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Material Parameter ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Computational Program ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Animal Skin

Open exposure to the extraordinary amount of the heat under the sun can causes the damage to the skin and lead to diseases. The analysis of the mechanical properties on cow skin which investigated by analyzing the uniaxial tensile test in order to produce the outcome based on the situation stated. Besides that, cow skin was selected in order to compare with the previous study on sheep skin. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of varies temperature on mechanical properties of the animal skin. Experimental and numerical is part of the integration process of the data. Uniaxial tensile test was performed to measure the basic mechanical parameter of stress-stretch by according to the ASTM D2209-00 testing standard. Other than that, the hyperelastic constitutive model Arruda & Boyce (A&B) equation is simplified via numerical approach for finding the material parameter. A graph of Stress-Stretch (σ-λ) plotted for curve fit with the experimental data to obtain the mechanical properties of parameter. Overall, the samples applied with lanolin coating is more elastic even though it dried at 40oC compared to the sample sets without lanolin coating. With having the specific mechanical data of the skin by computational program and analysis it become more reliable by showing the real skin behavior to the variable.

scholarly journals The Synthesis of Agar Silicone Biocomposite and Its Mechanical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.26) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Nurul Nadiah Azmi ◽  
Jamaluddin Mahmud ◽  
Mohd Juzaila Abd Latif
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Skin Substitute ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Material Constants ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Calculated Parameter ◽  
Curve Fitting Method ◽  
Animal Skin

Silicone rubber is widely used in the medical field, whereas agar is widely used as a medium to breed bacteria or to carry the active ingredient for a specific purpose. There are few synthetic skins available in the market that are made of silicone, such as Biobrane, Integra and Transcyte, to name a few. Meanwhile, in a previous study, agar is used to carry the active ingredients in turmeric to the wounded skin and expedite its recovery. However, up to date, there is no available skin substitute with the ability for carrying bioactive ingredient that would expedite wound healing and anti-bacterial properties. Hence, this study aims to synthesise a new biocomposite that could mimic skin mechanical properties with the future potential to carry bioactive ingredient via agar particles. The material constants for this newly developed agar slicone biocomposite are determined using Neo- Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden models. This research consists of two main stages; which is the synthesis and the determination of the mechanical properties of agar silicone biocomposite, via experimental and numerical approach. The experimental approach involves testing the biocomposite under uniaxial tensile test, while the numerical approach involves curve fitting method using a Matlab programme. The calculated parameter for Neo-Hookean (C1) ranges from 52-57 kPa for all variances of agar silicone biocomposite. As for Mooney-Rivlin, the values are of 34-38 kPa and 47- 54 kPa for C1 and C2 re spectively. Ogden parameters (Ogden coefficient, µ and Ogden exponent, α) for agar silicone biocomposites are 48-54 kPa; 2.17-2.19 (µ;α). The material constants of agar silicone biocomposites lays within the range of human tissue and skin, as well as animal skin; thus proving that agar silicone biocomposite could deform nearly the same as skin. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study has significant contribution to better understand the mechanical properties of the newly developed agar silicone biocomposite. 

Kenaf Silicone Biocomposites: Synthesis and its Hyperelastic Behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Nurul Nadiah Azmi ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Hussain ◽  
Jamaluddin Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Material Constant ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Reinforcement Material ◽  
Curve Fitting Method

Silicone rubber is widely used in various fields but has low strength, whereas kenaf has higher strength. Therefore, this study aims to synthesise a new material that consists of both kenaf and silicone with three different variances and determine its properties using the three most common hyperelastic constitutive models: Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden. In order to obtain the material constant of kenaf silicone biocomposite, experimental and numerical approaches are adapted. The xperimental approach involves synthesising of kenaf silicone biocomposite and uniaxial tensile test, while the numerical approach involves curve fitting method using an excel programme. Curve fitting method was used because the raw data from tensile test alone could not determine the material constant of agar silicone biocomposite. The results show that the numerical value of the material constant increases as the percentage of the reinforcement material (kenaf) increases. However, the tensile strength of the material decreases as the reinforcement material increases.

scholarly journals Tensile Properties of Polymer Repair Materials - Effect of Test Parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Z. Kamil ◽  
G. Andrzej ◽  
C. Sandra ◽  
A.J. Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Deformation Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Sample Shape ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Test Parameters

In this research, five types of polymer repair materials were selected for investigation of the influence of sample shape, deformation rate and test temperature on the mechanical properties determined with an uniaxial tensile test. The results showed the clear effect of measurement conditions on tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity. The highest tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were exhibited by epoxy resin for the filling of concrete cracks, which achieved 1% elongation. The lowest coefficient of dispersion characterized the results of tensile test carried out using dumbbell samples at a deformation rate of 50 mm/min. The effect of temperature varied with the material type.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Compact Bone Defined by the Stress-Strain Curve Measured Using Uniaxial Tensile Test: A Concise Review and Practical Guide

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4224
Author(s):  
Che-Yu Lin ◽  
Jiunn-Horng Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain

Mechanical properties are crucial parameters for scaffold design for bone tissue engineering; therefore, it is important to understand the definitions of the mechanical properties of bones and relevant analysis methods, such that tissue engineers can use this information to properly design the mechanical properties of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The main purpose of this article is to provide a review and practical guide to understand and analyze the mechanical properties of compact bone that can be defined and extracted from the stress–strain curve measured using uniaxial tensile test until failure. The typical stress–strain curve of compact bone measured using uniaxial tensile test until failure is a bilinear, monotonically increasing curve. The associated mechanical properties can be obtained by analyzing this bilinear stress–strain curve. In this article, a computer programming code for analyzing the bilinear stress–strain curve of compact bone for quantifying the associated mechanical properties is provided, such that the readers can use this computer code to perform the analysis directly. In addition to being applied to compact bone, the information provided by this article can also be applied to quantify the mechanical properties of any material having a bilinear stress–strain curve, such as a whole bone, some metals and biomaterials. The information provided by this article can be applied by tissue engineers, such that they can have a reference to properly design the mechanical properties of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The information can also be applied by researchers in biomechanics and orthopedics to compare the mechanical properties of bones in different physiological or pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behaviour of Multiaxial Compressed AlMgSi alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (03) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Abir Roy ◽  
Abhishek Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Almgsi Alloy

In the present study, AlMgSi alloy was processed through multi-axial compression (MAC) to produce ultrafine-grained microstructure at room temperature. The AlMgSi alloys are widely used in automobile industries for making cylinder heads and brake disks etc. MAC was performed up to three cycles and showed improvement in mechanical properties. The impact of different strain levels upon microstructure changes is investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The average grain size reduced from an initial average grain size of ~ 124 to ~ 3 μm after completion of three cycles of MAC processing. Samples were tested for mechanical properties using uniaxial tensile test, hardness measurements, and corrosion. Tensile test results show a considerable increase in yield strength from ~90 MPa to ~249 MPa after 3 cycles of MAC. The average hardness value increased from 52 VHN to 90 VHN after 3 cycles of MAC. The corrosion resistance of MAC processed samples was found to decrease in comparison to solution-treated samples.

scholarly journals Quasi-Static Tensile Properties of Unalloyed Copper Produced by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2932
Author(s):  
Prithwish Tarafder ◽  
Christopher Rock ◽  
Timothy Horn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Vacuum Annealing ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed

Mechanical properties of powder bed fusion processed unalloyed copper are reported majorly in the as-fabricated condition, and the effect of post-processes, common to additive manufacturing, is not well documented. In this study, mechanical properties of unalloyed copper processed by electron beam powder bed fusion are characterized via room temperature quasi-static uniaxial tensile test and Vickers microhardness. Tensile samples were extracted both perpendicular and parallel to the build direction and assigned to three different conditions: as-fabricated, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and vacuum annealing. In the as-fabricated condition, the highest UTS and lowest elongation were obtained in the samples oriented perpendicular to the build direction. These were observed to have clear trends between sample orientation caused primarily by the interdependencies between the epitaxial columnar grain morphology and dislocation movement during the tensile test. Texture was insignificant in the as-fabricated condition, and its effect on the mechanical properties was outweighed by the orientation anisotropy. The fractographs revealed a ductile mode of failure with varying dimple sizes where more shallow and finely spaced dimples were observed in the samples oriented perpendicular to the build direction. EDS maps reveal that grain boundary oxides coalesce and grow in HIP and vacuum-annealed specimens which are seen inside the ductile dimples and contribute to their increased ductility. Overall, for the post-process parameters chosen in this study, HIP was observed to slightly increase the sample’s density while vacuum annealing reduced the oxygen content in the specimens.

Spatially Resolved Materials Property Data From a Cross-Weld Tensile Test

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Turski ◽  
P. J. Bouchard ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
L. Edwards ◽  
P. J. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Mechanical Cycling ◽  
First Pass

This work involves the determination of uniaxial stress-strain data from ‘cross-weld’ specimens machined from across a 3 pass welded generic 316 type austenitic stainless steel grooved plate test specimen, using Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI). ESPI has been applied as a novel surface strain mapping tool for measuring the mechanical properties of uniaxial tensile test specimens with heterogenous microstructures. Using this technique, proof stresses have been measured at different distances from the centre of a manual metal arc (MMA) weld, using a single cross-weld specimen. Mechanical properties were measured using cross-weld specimens taken across a first pass and third pass weld bead, thus allowing the effect of subsequent weld passes on a single weld bead to be quantified. Measurements indicate 0.2% proof stress values more than 100 MPa higher in the first pass weld bead compared to the third pass. This is due to the higher levels of accumulated plastic strain in the first pass weld bead, as a result of thermo-mechanical cycling associated with subsequently deposited weld passes.

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