scholarly journals Better Performance of a Smart Irrigation System using the Best Combination of Sensors and Digital Communication Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 956-959
Keyword(s):  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Control Purpose

Once upon a time, India is rich in vegetation and agriculture. Now, the current scenario is totally different. Every Indian has been trained to work in different fields. In our day to day life, water has increased its demands in overall world which results in water scarcity. This kind of factors affects the regular plantation fields and home gardening. In this connection, we have proposed a methodology to overcome this problem. In the proposed research, a kit with probes and sensors is developed to measure the moisture and humidity level of plants in order to ensure the required water quantity. A solenoid valve is controlled through automation by pre-setting the values of moisture. If the moisture level goes down below certain value, then the solenoid valve is set to open and the water flows. On keeping the sensors on the top of the soil would not sense the parameters effectively which leads to unreliable results. So, in our suggested 0technique, the sensors are placed just below the soil surface, which is nearby closer to the roots of the plant, for getting the significant outcomes. The humidity sensor measures the humidity present in the air and indicates the probability of rain. This feature helps the farmers and the other gardeners in their routine work. This leads to make our country as green and rich in agriculture. There are two more sensors used viz., the flow sensor for measuring the flow rate as well as the volume of water used and the ultrasonic sensor for measuring the water level in the tank for control purpose. The sensors’ data can be communicated to the remotely located user through digital communication devices such as NodeMCU (Arduino) and Internet of Things - Blynk platform.

scholarly journals Smart Irrigation System using IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gayathri ◽  
D Arun Shunmugam ◽  
A Ishwariya
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Field Information

In this work we use drip irrigation where the water was allowed to drip slowly to the roots of plant either from above the soil surface or buried into the surface so that the water can be placed directly into the root zone and minimize evaporation. It uses temperature sensor, soil humidity sensor to collect and monitor field information and also uses float switches to monitor ground water level through web page. When the field gets dry and ground water level falls down it will be notified through SMS. This provides a solution for the problems in developing a smart farming system. It uses node MCU, relay and water pump.

LYSIMETERS WITH RAINFALL AND SOIL WATER CONTROL

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. KRISTENSEN ◽  
H. C. ASLYNG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Radiation Equipment ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Growth Experiments

The lysimeter installation described comprises 36 concrete tanks each with a soil surface of 4 m2. The installation is useful for plant growth experiments under natural conditions involving different treatment combined with various controlled water supplies. The ground installation is at least 20 cm below the soil surface and tillage can be done with field implements. The lysimeter tanks are provided with a drainage system which can drain the soil at the bottom (100 cm depth) to a tension of up to 100 cm. A constant ground-water table at less than 100 cm soil depth can also be maintained. The soil moisture content at different depths is determined from an underground tunnel by use of gamma radiation equipment in metal tubes horizontally installed in the soil. Rainfall is prevented by a movable glass roof automatically operated and controlled by a special rain sensor. Water is applied to the soil surface with a special trickle irrigation system consisting of a set of plastic tubes for each lysimeter tank and controlled from the tunnel. Fertilizers in controlled amount can be applied with the irrigation water.

COMBINED IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZATION IN ARID ZONES

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzi Kafkafi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
High Calcium

Sand dunes and highly calcareous soils occupy vast areas in arid zones. The soils are characterized by low available nutrient content and low to medium water-holding capacity of the upper soil surface. These features result in low vegetation density under arid climate conditions. The introduction of trickle irrigation coupled with liquid fertilizers turned desert sand dunes and highly calcareous soils into productive agricultural soils for high cash crops. The intensity of daily nutrient supply dictates the farmer's consideration of the form of nitrogen supplied to the crop and to the variable sensitivity of plants to the different forms of N supplied by various fertilizers through the irrigation system. The combination of high root temperature and high ammonium concentration is of particular importance. Plants that have relatively low carbohydrate content in their roots might suffer from ammonia toxicity if a high daily supply of ammonium is available. High concentrations of urea and very high calcium carbonate content in the soil are also dangerous to ammonium- sensitive plants like tomatoes. Planning the irrigation system and nutrient supply to the crops according to their physiological stage of development, and consideration of the soil and climate characteristics, can give high yields and high quality crops with minimum pollution, but salt accumulation on the soil surface should be prevented, either by sprinkle irrigation, or by plastic mulch during the growing season.

scholarly journals Effect of over tree cooling irrigation on ‘Bosc’ pear orchards microclimate

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakatos ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Night Time

Irrigation in some countries is a horticultural practice mainly used only to supply water. At the same time the use of microsprinklers have a powerful infl uence on the changes of temperature in orchards. When the air’s temperature is high (about 20 °C or higher) the evaporative cooling irrigation signifi cantly decreases the plants’ surface temperature and air temperature. The cooling effect is stronger when the air is dryer. By using cooling irrigation regularly, canopy temperature can be decreased so that the beginning of blooming can be delayed. Also if the blooming is early and frost probability is high, serious damages can happen in orchards. The benefi cial effect of cooling irrigation is the temperature reduction and frost protection. In March 2010, one month earlier than the expected blooming an irrigation system was established to produce anti-frost treatment and regulate the micro-climate of a Bosc pear orchard which belongs to the University of Debrecen (Hungary). The objective of sprinklers was to cool the air by increasing water evaporation and relative humidity. The position of the micro-sprinklers was planned in three levels (around the tree trunks, a few cm near to the soil surface, in the crown region and above the crown, a half meter higher). The results showed that the water sprayed in the orchard by micro-jets infl uenced decisively the temperature of the plantation. At higher temperatures (around 20 °C), the drop of temperature may attain 5–7 °C. A low relative humidity of the air may increase the relative effect. When water was applied at intervals of 15 minutes for ten times a day from 8 am to 18 pm, the air, fl owers and bud’s surface temperature could be kept low. At certain days when the temperature was higher than 10 °C, irrigation was used at night time in similar 15 minutes intervals, from 18 pm and 6 am. The beginning of bloom could be delayed for more than ten days. The Bosc pear variety blooming dynamics was characterized by a logistic curve in the treated as well as in the control plot. In the treated plot, the curve was steeper than in the control one in spite of the equal temperatures measured in the plots. Under Hungarian climatic conditions, the method was successfully used to delay blooming dates. The main result was the diminution of the frost damage in the spring that assured pears yields.

scholarly journals Automatic Irrigation System using WSN Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-121
Keyword(s):  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
Representation Method ◽  
Automated Irrigation System ◽  
Available Resources

Agriculture in India contributes maximum for GDP growth. Various parameters impact the proper cultivation of crop. Agriculture requires 90% of water resources. Automated Irrigation System is developed to utilize the available resources in most efficient manner. Threshold value of Temperature & Humidity sensor are used to control the quantity of water. WSN technology has been used to provide updates of farm conditions to the farmer. Automation in the field of farming brings the biggest revolution in our country. The available resources will be utilized in most appropriate manner. The Automation will lead to high yield of crops by utilizing the resources in efficient way. The farm conditions can be displayed to farmer using Graphical representation method.

scholarly journals DURABILIDADE E DESEMPENHO DOS COMPONENTES DE UM SISTEMA DE PULVERIZAÇÃO ACOPLADO AO PIVÔ CENTRAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson André ARMINDO2 ◽  
Tarlei Arriel BOTREL ◽  
Priscila Rosenbaum FERIANCIC
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
And Performance ◽  
System Prototype

Neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo avaliar a durabilidade e o desempenho de um protótipo de sistema de pulverização (NOTLIADA), acoplado ao sistema de irrigação pivô central, quanto ao conjunto de emissão; ao conjunto eletro-eletrônico de acionamento; a válvula solenóide; e a adaptação de uma tubulação de cloreto de polivinila (PVC), de instalação predial soldável. Os testes foram realizados em um protótipo do sistema, montando em uma área anexa ao Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Rural (LER), pertencente à Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - ESALQ/USP. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que não houve alteração, a 5% de significância, da vazão dos quatro tipos de conjuntos de emissão testados em 505 horas intermitentes de avaliação. Também a 5% de significância, não houve variação dos diâmetros dos emissores. O circuito eletro-eletrônico, a válvula solenóide, a tubulação de material PVC (cloreto de polivinila) soldável e os demais dispositivos da barra de pulverização operaram satisfatoriamente no mesmo período de avaliação confirmando a confiabilidade do sistema de pulverização desenvolvido. ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the durability and performance of the pulverization system prototype (NOTLIADA) attached to center pivot irrigation system. The flow emission sets, electronic actuation, solenoid valve and the adaptation of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe were evaluated. Tests were performed on a prototype system, riding in the Laboratório de Hidráulica of the Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, belonging to the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ /USP. The results showed no change, 5% significance level, in the flow of the four different emission sets tested in intermittent evaluation and also, no significant variation of the emitters diameters. The circuit electronics, solenoid valve, pipe and other devices of the spray bar operated satisfactorily during the same period of evaluation confirmed the reliability of the pulverization system developed.

scholarly journals Low-Energy Precision Application (LEPA) Irrigation: A Forty-Year Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Bordovsky
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Irrigation Methods

Abstract. The low-energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation concept was developed 40 years ago (ca. 1978) to address the depletion of irrigation water from the Ogallala Aquifer and the sharp increase in pumping costs caused by the 1970s fuel crisis occurring at that time in the Texas High Plains. The LEPA method applies water to the soil surface at low pressure using a tower-truss irrigation system that continually moves through the field. This method brought changes in irrigation equipment and management that resulted in improvements in water productivity, particularly in semi-arid locations with diminishing water supplies. A review of published information pertaining to LEPA history, evaluation, and usage was performed. On landscapes of less than 1% slope, negative crop yield effects caused by irrigation runoff and start-stop system alignment were overcome with appropriately spaced basins, or furrow checks, and multiple irrigations over the course of the growing season. No consistent yield advantage at any level of irrigation was documented by placing water in every furrow (1 m spacing) compared to alternate furrows (2 m spacing). In irrigation treatments having =50% of the estimated full irrigation quantity, LEPA resulted in a 16% yield increase over sprinkler methods, although subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) resulted in a 14% yield increase over LEPA. At irrigation levels >50% of full irrigation, crop yields of sprinkler treatments were only slightly less than those of LEPA, and SDI yields were 7% greater than LEPA. The LEPA irrigation method was the catalyst for innovations in chemigation, no-till planting, and site-specific irrigation. As irrigation water becomes more limited, use and proper management of optimum irrigation methods will be critical. Keywords: Basin tillage, Chemigation, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation methods, LEPA, Low-energy precision application, Runoff, Spray irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Uniformity, Water use efficiency.

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