Discovering the Bitcoin Double Spend using Lost Agreement Amount

In the modernized world like digital world, traditional way of payments through banks and other third parties are out of sphere. To meet the digital competency digital token like bitcoin based crypto currency payment is required. Lots of business persons are moving towards the digital way of secure payment. Intruders like hackers hamper the digital token and make immortality in the transaction which in turn create the double spend. Double spend is a serious threat in the Bitcoin network. Our research work focuses on double spend detection of transaction before it gets confirmed and added to the block by the miners. The proposed new architecture for detecting double spend using Dual Payout based on Lost Agreement Amount (DPL2A) will identify one of the ways that double spend attack occur before it is added to the blockchain. This architecture gives the clear identification of double spend attack and their full details of transaction occurrence so that when it is broadcasted into the peer-to-peer network, the network nodes will use this architecture to detect double spend, its occurrence is fully prevented and only the genuine transaction will be added to the blockchain.

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Survey on Surging Technology: Cryptocurrency

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.12) ◽

pp. 296 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Swathi Singh ◽

Suguna R ◽

Divya Satish ◽

Ranjith Kumar MV

Keyword(s):

Electronic Commerce ◽

Transaction Costs ◽

Hash Functions ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Digital World ◽

Wide Range ◽

Peer Network ◽

Digital Money ◽

Peer To Peer Network ◽

Cryptographic Hash Functions

The paper gives an insight on cryptography within digital money used in electronic commerce. The combination of digital currencies with cryptography is named as cryptocurrencies or cryptocoins. Though this technique came into existence years ago, it is bound to have a great future due to its flexibility and very less or nil transaction costs. The concept of cryptocurrency is not new in digital world and is already gaining subtle importance in electronic commerce market. This technology can bring down various risks that may have occurred in usage of physical currencies. The transaction of cryptocurrencies are protected with strong cryptographic hash functions that ensure the safe sending and receiving of assets within the transaction chain or blockchain in a Peer-to-Peer network. The paper discusses the merits and demerits of this technology with a wide range of applications that use cryptocurrency.

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Bitcoin – a way to reach consensus in a completely decentralized manner

Lietuvos matematikos rinkinys ◽

10.15388/lmr.a.2016.01 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Rytis Bieliauskas ◽

Eugenijus Paliokas

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Third Parties ◽

The European Union ◽

Electronic Signature ◽

Digital Currency ◽

Peer Network ◽

Peer To Peer Network ◽

At Will

Bitcoin is a digital currency currently being legalized throughout the European Union [2], whose operating rinciples were published publicly [5], but not in scientific or mathematical sources. The goal of this report is to encourage discussions about decentralization and security of the Bitcoin system, as well as about reasonableness of the Bitcoin network fees. Bitcoin is a fully decentralized peer-to-peer electronic currency system, which lets its users to send transactions directly from one user to another, without any thirdparties. Electronic signature ensures that transaction is sent by the person who owns the money, but the main problem of such a system is to ensure, without any third-parties, that the same money could not be spent twice. This problem in the Bitcoin system is solved using a peer-to-peer network. The Bitcoin network timestamps all transactions, by grouping them to an ongoing chain of transaction blocks, where each block must have a hash (SHA256) result which would meet certain conditions, thus ensuring that in order to cancel or modify a past transaction, one would need to find more hashes which meet the required conditions than the whole Bitcoin network combined since the time of transaction. This allows users to leave and rejoin the network at will, and always be sure which transaction history is the correct one.

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Application of Bitcoin in Blockchain - A Systematic Literature Review

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology ◽

10.32628/cseit1953130 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 441-451

Author(s):

Abhishek Jha ◽

B. Indira Reddy

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Digital Currency ◽

Digital World ◽

Blockchain Technology ◽

Peer Network ◽

Peer To Peer Network

Bitcoin is a Cryptocurrency which is evolving in digital world and gaining a larger market related to digital currency and stands on all the user expectation of decentralize mechanism of system by providing proof of work in peer-to-peer network with the help of Blockchain. In this paper I have done a literature review on Blockchain technology and its application in Bitcoin.

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BemTV: Hybrid CDN/Peer-to-Peer Architecture for Live Video Distribution over the Internet

SET INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BROADCAST ENGINEERING ◽

10.18580/setijbe.2020.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (6) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Flávio Barbosa ◽

Guido de Souza Filho

Keyword(s):

Video Streaming ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

The Internet ◽

Network Nodes ◽

Client Server ◽

Video Distribution ◽

Peer Network ◽

Peer To Peer Network

Assuming that video streaming is now responsible for the absolute majority of the Internet traffic and considering that the audience uses WebRTC-enabled web browsers and mobile devices to access and retrieve content, this work proposes the development of a peer-to-peer overlay network to assist the delivery of video streaming events that use HTTP-based protocols without the need to install additional software. Using the peer-to-peer network, the client/server model becomes hybrid, where network nodes that are watching the same event can retrieve portions of the video content directly from the server or neighboring nodes. This approach has two main objectives; decrease the client/server traffic and consequently the economic cost of delivery while improving the quality of the users' experience, given that communication between neighboring nodes can support the flow of better quality videos between the points

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A theory of transaction parallelism in blockchains

Logical Methods in Computer Science ◽

10.46298/lmcs-17(4:10)2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Volume 17, Issue 4 ◽

Author(s):

Massimo Bartoletti ◽

Letterio Galletta ◽

Maurizio Murgia

Keyword(s):

Peer To Peer ◽

The Other ◽

Smart Contracts ◽

Internal Logic ◽

Smart Contract ◽

Peer Network ◽

Crypto Currency ◽

Peer To Peer Network ◽

Byzantine Nodes ◽

Do So

Decentralized blockchain platforms have enabled the secure exchange of crypto-assets without the intermediation of trusted authorities. To this purpose, these platforms rely on a peer-to-peer network of byzantine nodes, which collaboratively maintain an append-only ledger of transactions, called blockchain. Transactions represent the actions required by users, e.g. the transfer of some units of crypto-currency to another user, or the execution of a smart contract which distributes crypto-assets according to its internal logic. Part of the nodes of the peer-to-peer network compete to append transactions to the blockchain. To do so, they group the transactions sent by users into blocks, and update their view of the blockchain state by executing these transactions in the chosen order. Once a block of transactions is appended to the blockchain, the other nodes validate it, re-executing the transactions in the same order. The serial execution of transactions does not take advantage of the multi-core architecture of modern processors, so contributing to limit the throughput. In this paper we develop a theory of transaction parallelism for blockchains, which is based on static analysis of transactions and smart contracts. We illustrate how blockchain nodes can use our theory to parallelize the execution of transactions. Initial experiments on Ethereum show that our technique can improve the performance of nodes.

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