Experimental Research of the Intelligent Evacuation Inducible System in Building Fire

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 1485-1488
Author(s):  
Hai Chao Ran ◽  
Li Hua Sun ◽  
Xiao Zhi Gao
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Experiment Platform ◽  
System A ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Behaviors

When a fire or other emergency situation occurs, the intelligent evacuation inducible system is an important means for crowd to evacuate or escape. The factors, such as correct choice of escape routes, to overcome the fear psychology and reasonably avoiding obstacles, have big effects on reaching a safe exit for crowd evacuation. In order to verify the effectiveness of the intelligent evacuation inducible system, a "black house" experiment platform is established in this paper. The time of the fire to reach a dangerous moment is obtained by setting different fire scenarios and using the CFAST method. The actual safe evacuation time is also obtained by several evacuation experiments with different groups of people. According to the time criterion, the interaction mechanism of intelligent evacuation inducible system and crowd evacuation behaviors is analyzed.

scholarly journals Crowd Evacuation Behaviour Modeling and Simulation in 3D Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187-1192
Keyword(s):  
Exit Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Crowd Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Safe Condition

Crowd simulation is an active research domain and is crucial for simulating crowd behaviour in certain condition such as normal or panic situation. The simulation is to show the interaction between the individual in a crowd. Nowadays, there are many kinds of scenarios as well as simulation softwares that can be adapted to simulate a crowd simulation such as during emergency situation e.g. building evacuation. Crowd simulation in three-dimensional platform is fairly important in order to have a more realistic looks and movement of the crowd in one particular environment. The evacuation simulation is useful for the crowd in one confinement to seek for a safe exit path in shortest time possible and thus increase the occupant’s safety. The evacuation time is said to be in safe condition if all the evacuees successfully can get through the exit in minimal time. To aid in minimal exit time, the concept of faster-is-slower (bottleneck) must be solved as it can lead to more waiting time or delay during evacuation process. In this paper, it will discuss about the crowd simulation behavior, crowd simulation based on agent-based model, existing crowd simulation tools and the result of simulating the three-dimensional (3D) crowd evacuation time based on a number of exits variation in panic situation. The tools used to carry out the experiment is Anylogic software whereby the results show that it adheres to shorter evacuation time when the number of exit increases. The 3D layout design was following the original layout the faculty’s lower ground floor where the classrooms are mostly resided. The simulation is useful in order to estimate of evacuation time with different total number of exits to alleviate the faster-is-slower effect in case of any emergency situation happens at the faculty building.

Study on Simulation of Evacuation Behavior to a Crowd in Public Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 5515-5518
Author(s):  
Yu Min Tian
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Facilities Design ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Hand Calculation ◽  
Evacuation Behaviors

Generally traditional research methods to crowd evacuation depend on experiences and hand calculation, but the errors of these methods are clear. So computer simulation methods have become popular all over the world. The paper studied crowd evacuation behaviors by building EXODUS developed by University of Greenwich. Evacuation time and behaviors were simulated and some differences were compared with the results by hand and experiences, which can give theoretic and methodological guides to crowd management, crowd facilities design, evacuation analysis in buildings, establishment of emergency preplanning and so on.

scholarly journals LED Wristbands for Cell-Based Crowd Evacuation: An Adaptive Exit-Choice Guidance System Architecture

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6038
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Lopez-Carmona ◽  
Alvaro Paricio-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Logic Module ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Exit Choice

Cell-based crowd evacuation systems provide adaptive or static exit-choice indications that favor a coordinated group dynamic, improving evacuation time and safety. While a great effort has been made to modeling its control logic by assuming an ideal communication and positioning infrastructure, the architectural dimension and the influence of pedestrian positioning uncertainty have been largely overlooked. In our previous research, a cell-based crowd evacuation system (CellEVAC) was proposed that dynamically allocates exit gates to pedestrians in a cell-based pedestrian positioning infrastructure. This system provides optimal exit-choice indications through color-based indications and a control logic module built upon an optimized discrete-choice model. Here, we investigate how location-aware technologies and wearable devices can be used for a realistic deployment of CellEVAC. We consider a simulated real evacuation scenario (Madrid Arena) and propose a system architecture for CellEVAC that includes: a controller node, a radio-controlled light-emitting diode (LED) wristband subsystem, and a cell-node network equipped with active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices. These subsystems coordinate to provide control, display, and positioning capabilities. We quantitatively study the sensitivity of evacuation time and safety to uncertainty in the positioning system. Results showed that CellEVAC was operational within a limited range of positioning uncertainty. Further analyses revealed that reprogramming the control logic module through a simulation optimization process, simulating the positioning system’s expected uncertainty level, improved the CellEVAC performance in scenarios with poor positioning systems.

Study about influence of doors’ opening degree on crowd evacuation based on simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950096
Author(s):  
Yuanchun Ding ◽  
Falu Weng ◽  
Lizhong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simulation Results

Based on simulation, the influence of the doors’ opening degree (DOD) on crowd evacuation is investigated in this paper. First of all, an evacuation model, which has one exit with two doors, is established by utilizing the software Pathfinder. Then, based on the obtained model, some evacuation scenarios are considered. The simulation results indicate, when the DOD is within 115∘–135∘, the time saving rate is more than 13%, and the maximum time saving rate is achieved when the DOD is 125∘. Furthermore, there is a linear relationship between the mean square error and the number of the evacuees. For a small number of evacuees, the total evacuation time is mainly influenced by the distributions of the evacuees, however, as the number of the evacuees increases, it is mainly influenced by the number of the evacuees. Moreover, when the DOD is 125∘, the mean flow rate per unit width (MFRPUW) decreases along with the increasing of exit’s width, however, it increases along with the increasing of exit’s width while the DOD is 180∘. Compared with the 180∘ DOD, the 125∘ DOD can always achieve a higher MFRPUW, and the narrower the exit is, the higher MFRPUW the 125∘ DOD achieves.

Crowd evacuation model based on bacterial foraging algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Shibiao ◽  
Chen Zhijun
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Bacterial Foraging ◽  
Optimization Function ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm ◽  
The Relationship

To understand crowd evacuation, a model based on a bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) is proposed in this paper. Considering dynamic and static factors, the probability of pedestrian movement is established using cellular automata. In addition, given walking and queue times, a target optimization function is built. At the same time, a BFA is used to optimize the objective function. Finally, through real and simulation experiments, the relationship between the parameters of evacuation time, exit width, pedestrian density, and average evacuation speed is analyzed. The results show that the model can effectively describe a real evacuation.

A kinetic theory approach to the dynamics of crowd evacuation from bounded domains

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 109-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Agnelli ◽  
F. Colasuonno ◽  
D. Knopoff
Keyword(s):  
Local Density ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Bounded Domains ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Crowd Evacuation

A mathematical model of the evacuation of a crowd from bounded domains is derived by a hybrid approach with kinetic and macro-features. Interactions at the micro-scale, which modify the velocity direction, are modeled by using tools of game theory and are transferred to the dynamics of collective behaviors. The velocity modulus is assumed to depend on the local density. The modeling approach considers dynamics caused by interactions of pedestrians not only with all the other pedestrians, but also with the geometry of the domain, such as walls and exits. Interactions with the boundary of the domain are non-local and described by games. Numerical simulations are developed to study evacuation time depending on the size of the exit zone, on the initial distribution of the crowd and on a parameter which weighs the unconscious attraction of the stream and the search for less crowded walking directions.

scholarly journals Study on evacuation simulation under crowd-diversion condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401878509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Piao Chiu ◽  
Yan-Chyuan Shiau ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lai
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Safety Evacuation ◽  
Occupant Evacuation

With the increasing number of domestic buildings, the importance of safety evacuation in case of fire in the buildings has been aware. Occupants in a building will crowd at exit(s) when they evacuate in disasters. The content of this study includes the following: (1) to conduct a literature review on severe stampedes in history, identifying the number of casualties, and to explore existing research on crowd evacuation; (2) to examine the applicability of software packages EXODUS and Unity for simulating occupant evacuation using them for simulations under identical conditions; and (3) to construct simulated evacuation environments using Unity and perform simulations with different combinations of occupant number, space size, exit size, and flow diverter size. The simulation results found that placing a flow diverter in front of the exit could reduce the evacuation time effectively. The best result was observed when the width of the door is close to the width of the flow diverter; it can reduce the evacuation time by about 25%. When more than 60 people were emptying through an exit below 120 cm width, the blocking happened regardless of whether a flow diverter was placed.

scholarly journals Estado de alarma y COVID-19: el régimen administrativo sancionador en la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi

2020 ◽  
pp. 467-504
Author(s):  
Noemí ANGULO GARZARO ◽  
José Ignacio TEJERO YUSTOS ◽  
Amaia ANGULO GARZARO
Keyword(s):  
Competent Authority ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
The Public ◽  
System A ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
The Impact

LABURPENA: COVID-19k eragindako osasun publikoko larrialdi-egoera pandemiara igotzeak markatutako egoera batean, Espainiako Estatuak alarma-egoera deklaratzea erabaki zuen. Lehenik eta behin, alarma-egoera salbuespen-maila egokia den aztertuko dugu, Espainiako sistemak hautatu duen konfigurazioaren arabera –bereizlea, gradualista izan beharrean–. Jarraian aipatzen den osasun publikoko larrialdi-egoera pandemiara igotzearen ondorioz, berariaz aipatuko ditugu ezarritako zirkulazio-muga urratzean gerta daitezkeen administrazio-arloko arau-hausteak. Horrela, aztertu nahi dugu zein den zigor-gaitzespena kokatzeko araudi sektorial egokiena, eta zein den espedientea hasteko, izapidetzeko eta ebazteko agintaritza eskuduna. Azkenik, labur-labur aipatuko dugu terminoak eteteak eta epeak geldiarazteak zer eragin duen dagokion zehapen-espediente administratiboaren izapidetzean. ABSTRACT: In a scenario where the public health emergency situation caused by COVID-19 was considered to be pandemic, Spain decided to declare a state of alarm. First, we are going to study whether the state of alarm is the appropriate level of exceptionality, in the light of the configuration adopted by the Spanish system – a differentiating, rather than staggered one. Next, we will make specific reference to the illicit acts of an administrative nature that may occur by violating the movement limitation imposed. Thus, we intend to analyze which the most appropriate sector-specific regulation to frame the punitive reproach and who the competent authority for the initiation, processing and resolution of the file should be. Lastly, we will make a brief reference to the impact of the suspension of terms and the interruption of limitation periods regarding the corresponding sanctioning administrative proceedings. RESUMEN: En un escenario marcado por la elevación a pandemia de la situación de emergencia de salud pública ocasionada por el COVID-19, el Estado español decidió declarar el estado de alarma. De modo preliminar vamos a estudiar si el estado de alarma es el nivel de excepcionalidad adecuado, a la luz de la configuración por la que ha optado el sistema español –diferenciadora, en lugar de gradualista–. A continuación, haremos específica referencia a los ilícitos de naturaleza administrativa en que se puede incurrir al vulnerar la limitación de circulación impuesta. Así, pretendemos analizar cuál es la normativa sectorial más adecuada para encuadrar el reproche punitivo, y cuál es la autoridad competente para la incoación, tramitación y resolución del expediente. Por último, haremos una breve referencia a la incidencia que tiene la suspensión de términos e interrupción de plazos sobre la tramitación del expediente administrativo sancionador correspondiente.

scholarly journals An Improved Simulation Model for Pedestrian Crowd Evacuation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial A. Muhammed ◽  
Tarik A. Rashid ◽  
Abeer Alsadoon ◽  
Nebojsa Bacanin ◽  
Polla Fattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
New Feature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pedestrian Crowd

<p>This paper works on one of the most recent pedestrian crowd evacuation models, i.e., “a simulation model for pedestrian crowd evacuation based on various AI techniques”, developed in late 2019. This study adds a new feature to the developed model by proposing a new method and integrating it with the model. This method enables the developed model to find a more appropriate evacuation area design, among others regarding safety due to selecting the best exit door location among many suggested locations. This method is completely dependent on the selected model's output, i.e., the evacuation time for each individual within the evacuation process. The new method finds an average of the evacuees’ evacuation times of each exit door location; then, based on the average evacuation time, it decides which exit door location would be the best exit door to be used for evacuation by the evacuees. To validate the method, various designs for the evacuation area with various written scenarios were used. The results showed that the model with this new method could predict a proper exit door location among many suggested locations. Lastly, from the results of this research using the integration of this newly proposed method, a new capability for the selected model in terms of safety allowed the right decision in selecting the finest design for the evacuation area among other designs.</p>

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