scholarly journals Address Fiber Optical Sensor for Relative Humidity Measuring in a Switchgear

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rin. Sh. Misbakhov ◽  
A. N. Vasev ◽  
A. Zh. Sakhabutdinov ◽  
I. I. Nureev ◽  
O. G. Morozov ◽  
...  

A number of governing documents and by-laws of the Russian Federation, branch ministries, departments and companies have introduced the use of measuring relative air humidity, elements insulation, and SF6 into operation and maintenance process of complete switchgear. A wide range of high-precision laboratory instruments has been developed to implement these measurements. However, as a rule, these are scheduled measurements to be carried out once or twice a quarter, although the constant on-line monitoring of humidity is concerned in both the production and scientific circles of the energy industry. The possibility of on-line monitoring appeared with the advent of fiber-optic object-based passive networks for collecting information and the possibility of forming interrogation channels in them, which is provided for by the development of the Smart Grid Plus concept. Fiber optic sensors, single in their physical layer structure with passive optical networks, are highly robust and resistant to high electromagnetic fields, typical of those generated in a switchgear, and are designed to operate in harsh environments. Among their broad class, fiber optic sensors on Bragg gratings, which differ from others by direct measurement methods, have significant advantages. In particular, an increase or decrease in relative humidity will lead to a corresponding change in the wavelength of the sensing source reflected from the grating, which can be measured with an accuracy of sixth place from its absolute value.This paper proposes to consider a two-element sensor of relative humidity of a parallel structure, which differs from the existing ones by using address fiber Bragg gratings made in SMF-28 fiber. One of the gratings has a polyimide-replaced quartz shell, synthesized using a reductant fiber coating, and a completely multiplicative response to temperature and deformation caused by humidity. The second grating is recorded in a standard fiber and responds only to temperature. It is possible to include an additional third grating with a partially etched cladding, which can be used for refract metric measurements of the amount of condensed moisture on the elements of a complete switchgear. All the gratings are identical, have, as a rule, the same Bragg wavelength after manipulating their claddings, but they have differing unique addresses, which are formed by recording two transparency windows in each of the gratings with different difference frequency space. The transparency windows correspond to phase p-shifts symmetrically located at the same distance from the center of each grating. The structure obtained makes it possible to record information of the measurement conversion at the said difference frequencies in the radio range, which significantly increases the speed of relative humidity measurements and their accuracy by an order of magnitude more. In addition to what has been said, it is possible to note the capability for building a network of these sensors in series arranged in switchgear devices, with a different radiofrequency address group being used in each of them.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Gonzalez-Valencia ◽  
Ignacio Del Villar ◽  
Pedro Torres

AbstractWith the goal of ultimate control over the light propagation, photonic crystals currently represent the primary building blocks for novel nanophotonic devices. Bloch surface waves (BSWs) in periodic dielectric multilayer structures with a surface defect is a well-known phenomenon, which implies new opportunities for controlling the light propagation and has many applications in the physical and biological science. However, most of the reported structures based on BSWs require depositing a large number of alternating layers or exploiting a large refractive index (RI) contrast between the materials constituting the multilayer structure, thereby increasing the complexity and costs of manufacturing. The combination of fiber–optic-based platforms with nanotechnology is opening the opportunity for the development of high-performance photonic devices that enhance the light-matter interaction in a strong way compared to other optical platforms. Here, we report a BSW-supporting platform that uses geometrically modified commercial optical fibers such as D-shaped optical fibers, where a few-layer structure is deposited on its flat surface using metal oxides with a moderate difference in RI. In this novel fiber optic platform, BSWs are excited through the evanescent field of the core-guided fundamental mode, which indicates that the structure proposed here can be used as a sensing probe, along with other intrinsic properties of fiber optic sensors, as lightness, multiplexing capacity and easiness of integration in an optical network. As a demonstration, fiber optic BSW excitation is shown to be suitable for measuring RI variations. The designed structure is easy to manufacture and could be adapted to a wide range of applications in the fields of telecommunications, environment, health, and material characterization.


2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Swinehart ◽  
M. Maklad ◽  
S. S. Courts ◽  
J. G. Weisend ◽  
John Barclay ◽  
...  

1997 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G. Nawy ◽  
P. E.

ABSTRACTThis investigation involves the identification and use of a novel type of fiber optic sensors in monitoring the deformation behavior of critical sections of the structural concrete elements and transforming them into smart systems. Basic operating principles of the Bragg-grating sensors identified in this work are proved to be feasible. Deformational behavior was studied of high performance concrete composite beams reinforced with prestressed prisms and instrumented with Bragg Grating fiber optic sensors. The experimental techniques using those sensors for evaluating their behavior at service load stages, and the potential of this technique for on-line, real-time monitoring of existing constructed concrete structures are presented.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. T03003-T03003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Caponero ◽  
A Polimadei ◽  
L Benussi ◽  
S Bianco ◽  
S Colafranceschi ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Anton Chernikov ◽  
Dmitriy Kochuev ◽  
Kirill Khorkov ◽  
Ruslan Chkalov ◽  
Nikolay Davydov

The paper presents the results of fiber Bragg gratings fabrication by femtosecond laser radiation using point-by-point and line-by-line inscription methods. The approach makes it possible to fabricate the second and higher diffraction orders fiber Bragg gratings, which can be used as sensitive elements of fiber-optic sensors.


2019 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
O. N. Budadin ◽  
W. Yu. Kutyurin ◽  
A. N. Rykov ◽  
P. I. Gnusin

The main task of the contribution was the estimation of the possibility of using Fiber Bragg Gratings as a mean of measuring the deformation in standard carbon fiber samples at elevated temperatures. The article presents the results of experiments on the measurement of deformations in a carbon sample using Fiber Bragg Gratings on an optical fiber. Deformations were measured in the process of stretching the sample at different temperatures (range from 20 to 140 °C). It is shown that FBGs integrated into the sample material give more stable, reproducible readings, unlike to inlay on the outer surface. It has been established that the use of several FBGs with different sensitivity to temperature or deformation (created by mechanically decoupling the sensor from the sample) makes it possible to compensate the effect of temperature when measuring deformations. The quantitative results of measurements are provided.


2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (25) ◽  
pp. 5040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Abad ◽  
Francisco M. Araújo ◽  
Luis Alberto Ferreira ◽  
José Luís Santos ◽  
Manuel López-Amo

Author(s):  
Anand Asundi

An absence of proper design rules has limited the application of composite materials to specific areas. However, within these application areas there is still a need to regular monitor the component resulting in significant downtime and loss of revenue. To overcome this it is proposed to have an on-line monitoring system capable of global checking of the component. Fiber optic polarimetric sensors are chosen in this study to globally characterize the health of a component. Polarimetric sensors have better sensitivity than intensity sensors and at the same time are more rugged than interferometric sensors. In this study, the effect of debonds and fiber breakages are investigated in composite bend specimens.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document