scholarly journals COMPARATIVE-TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE STATUS OF SIMPLE AND COMPLEX SENTENCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-150
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Linguistic Regularity

The article touches upon the topical problems of modern linguistics related to the question of the status of linguistic units in general, and of simple and complex sentences, in particular, as signs of a nominative and communicative nature; as well as upon their structural-semantic and functional-communicative semantic features and their constituent parts such as, for example, the subject, the predicate, the object, the adverbial modifier, the introductory part and the introductory component, which are peculiarly characterized, defined and classified by the author. Proceeding from an integral approach to linguistic phenomena in modern directions of linguistics, which make up its anthropocentric paradigm, the author tries to express his attitude to a number of controversial issues faced by specialists in the field of syntax. Approaching these issues from a comparative-typological point of view, the author argues that, like any significant unit of a language, a sentence and all its types and varieties from a constructive and communicative-pragmatic points of view, should be considered as integral monolithic signs like a word. Pushing off from this general linguistic regularity, the author approaches in a new way to such parts of the sentence, which perform the syntactic function of a part of a sentence and its extenders, establishes and reveals their substantial status within the framework of sentences of such modern languages as English, which represents a type of languages of a predominantly analytical system; Uzbek representing a type of languages of a predominantly agglutinative system, and Russian demonstrating a type of languages of a predominantly inflectional system. According to the author, there is a universal law, in line with which any significant linguistic unit used in a sentence, alone or in combination with another unit, can and should function as a specific syntactic part of it, therefore, within the framework of a sentence there is not and cannot be such a member that should not have a syntactic function in it. Based on this approach to the sentence and its members, the author characterizes and classifies the members of the sentence and their extenders from the linguo-cognitive and linguo-pragmatic points of view in a new way, in contrast to the traditional approach, according to which the extenders of the sentence are its parts, and the extenders of the parts cannot be members of the sentence. The article attempts also to clarify the question of the role and functions of the subject and predicate in the constructive structure of the sentence and their relationships with other parts of the sentence. As a result, a new taxonomy of a simple sentence, depending on the ability of the subject and predicate to create their “peaks” has been worked out. It is substantiated that the correct solution of the problems raised in the article contributes to the improvement of the state of learning and teaching languages and the process of translation from one language into another.

scholarly journals Style in Jakarta Post Editorial

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Hawa ◽  
Ajeng Setyorini
Keyword(s):  
Main Topic ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
In The Beginning

The objectives of the study is to find out whether the writers’ articles of the Jakarta Post issued in January 2015 have good style in their writing or not and to find out the element of  style used in Jakarta Post articles issued on January 2015. The subject of the study is the Jakarta Post Issued  in January 2015. There are five editorials selected and then analyzed based on Seyler’s theory. Based on the analysis, the editorials applied formal words. From the analysis, it was found that the total sentence for simple sentence is 34, 14 compound sentences, 24 complex sentences, 24 expanded sentences, 2 antithesis, and 1 metaphor.  In organizating the text, the writer of the editorial placed the main topic in the beginning paragraph. A writer can make good style in his/her writing by applying more active sentences in his/her writing, use familiar words and not using cliché, use short sentences, and write with nouns and verbs.

Méthode D'analyse des Connecteurs du Français en Vue D'un Traitement Automatique

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
Renata Kozlowska-Heuchin
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Semantic Typology ◽  
Semantic Properties

The subject of this article is the analysis of clauses of aim, cause, consequence and condition in French in view to the automatic processing. Our theoretical framework is that of lexicon-grammar. This study differs from the usual grammatical analyses. Here, the complex sentence is studied on the model of the simple sentence, defined as an operator accompanied by its arguments. The conjunctive phrase is our starting point for this study, and it is then shown that the noun around which it is formed, is of predicative type and has the main clause and the subordinate as arguments. This is a predicate «of second order». Automatic processing requires extremely accurate notation of syntactic and semantic properties if ambiguity and polysemy are to be correctly handled. Those descriptions based on syntactico-semantic features are insufficient, which is why the concept of « class of objects » is brought in. There are as many types of relations as there are semantic types of predicate. This is the reason why a semantic typology of predicates is sketched out, integrating lexical, syntactic and semantic components. It is shown that each semantic type can have its own appropriate lexical means of expression and specific syntactic behaviour.

scholarly journals Language of Russian Charity: Verbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 293-310
Author(s):  
Valeria S. Kuchko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article studies Russian verbs which name the action of gratuitous material assistance to those in need, i.e. благотворить, благотворительствовать, благодетельствовать, меценатствовать, жертвовать, спонсировать, and their few derivatives. The author focuses on the history of their origin and use in the Russian language, the development of their meanings, semantic features, and functioning in the text. The analysis of these characteristics of the life of the word in the language allows the author to identify and formulate some norms of the use of these verbs in modern charity discourse for those who speak and write about charity. The study is based on historical and modern lexicographic sources, such as explanatory dictionaries of the Old Slavic Language, Old Russian Language, Russian language of different time periods, as well as examples of word usage, retrieved from The National Corpus of the Russian Language. In spite of the fact that the verbs studied realise the predicate of a situation of charity and designate the subject’s action of providing a poor or deprived object with material support, they considerably differ in terms of time of their appearance in the language, periods of usage, and semantic capacity. The analysis demonstrates that there is no verb that could claim the status of a nuclear verbal lexeme of the semantic field of charity: the word with the widest neutral semantics благотворить has almost fallen out of use, the verbs благодетельствовать and меценатствовать have a narrower application, while жертвовать imposes semantic restrictions on the choice of words for the positions of the object and the instrument of charity, and in the case of the verb спонсировать a specific context of “market” charity is important, in which the subject receives a certain benefit from their contribution.

Russian explanatory sentence as a semantic type

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-286
Author(s):  
Tatiana I. Steksova ◽  
◽  
Tatyana V. Shmeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
First Time

The paper interprets the Russian explanatory sentence as a semantic type. It is noted that descriptions of the semantic types of monopropositional sentences have already been carried out in the linguistic literature. For the first time, it is proposed to consider polypropositional semantic structures as a semantic type. The semantic nature of an explanatory sentence is defined as an expression of reflection on the events and phenomena of reality, with the position of the object-event accompanied by an indication of the reflection nature expressed by the governing predicate. General characteristics of this semantic type are given, as well as a number of semantic features serving as the basis for revealing the patterns of compatibility of various types of modus and dictum and the ways of their connection. It is proved that the previously existing qualification of relevance/factuality is based on overestimating the role of the brace and underestimating the predicative expression of deliberative. Several techniques are proposed to distinguish between thematic and factual utterances. Among sentence elements, the concept of the subject is the most significant for the typology of explanatory sentences, proposed to be divided into mono-subject and poly-subject ones. We note the poly-paradigmatic nature of the explanatory sentence and the presence of a number of its transformations used in the texts. The range of explanatory sentences with such an interpretation expands significantly without taking into account the boundaries of simple and complex sentences and some other constructive differences.

scholarly journals A TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO QIRA’ATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Dževdet Šošić
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The status of qira'ats in relation to the integral Qur'anic text has been the subject of disagreement among Islamic scholars. Some have identified qira'ats with the Qur'an, some have made a distinction between these two terms, whereas some have seen in them the relationship between a part and the whole. Various views on the emergence and role of qira'ats in the tradition of the reading of the Qur'an have affected different theoretical and practical approaches to this Qur'anic specificity. In this paper we attempted to present the most relevant approaches to the phenomenon of qira'ats, regardless of whether they are related to historical, legal, tafsir or linguistic context; the approaches reflecting the principles of Islamic teaching contained in the Qur'an and Sunnah, and which, as such, present valid guidelines to all those who speak or write about this topic.

scholarly journals Youth: Subject-Object Status in the System of Municipal Youth Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-488
Author(s):  
George R. Zmanovsky ◽  
◽  
Oleg V. Myasoutov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Status

The article deals with theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the subject-object status and involvement of young people in the processes of political, social, and economic development of a municipality. The starting point of the research is the assumption that the traditional approach to youth as a socio-demographic group, distinguished by socio-age and professional characteristics, does not correspond to the current dynamics of political processes occurring in municipalities and regions. From the authors’ point of view, there is a need in a different understanding of the status of youth as an active part of society, which is largely able to solve problems independently. The concept of youth development and the formation of municipal youth policy based on the analysis of conceptual interdisciplinary approaches that determine the subject-object status of youth in the system of youth policy is proposed for discussion. The article substantiates the idea of subjectivity of youth in modern social and political conditions.

scholarly journals HIERARCHY OF COMMUNICATIVE UNITS IN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE TEXTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Igor Menshikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Language Text

Objective of the study is to identify the hierarchical relations between communicative units that fill the Russian-language text. The object of study is the hierarchy as the sequential inclusion of some syntactic units into the other, more complex ones, the subject is Russian-language texts with syntactic constructions of various rank of hierarchies. The material of the study is twenty Russian-language texts containing communicative units which are built according to different models. Methods – descriptive, structural and quantitative methods were used. Findings:  the sequence of occurrence in the text of predicative formations of varying complexity was revealed. Practical value – is possible in studies of the organization of the text as a syntactic unit. The realities of the language, as is well known, far from always can correspond to canonized judgments, interpretations and formulations, including those stated in official scientific, educational and reference editions. In a super-phrasal unity, there may not be complex sentences, and not only a super-phrasal unity or a complex sentence can function as a text as a syntactic unit, but a sentence can be simple and even a separate word, which can also be a communicative unit under certain conditions. Results: 1) the components of the text are predicative communicative units; 2) the formally expected vector of the hierarchy of communicative units should presumably have the following form: a simple sentence – a complex sentence – a superphrase unity – a text; 3) communicative units of the subsequent hierarchical rank due to their anti-transitivity are not always built directly from the units of the previous and preceding rank; 4) the order of location of the communicative units of different hierarchical levels, that fill the text is not strictly regulated and can be almost spontaneous, with multiple duplication of the same models.

scholarly journals The Subject Of A Qualitative Device In The Sentence Acts As A Secondary Predicate Object In Uzbek Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 475-481
Author(s):  
Shirin Sharasulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sentence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Secondary Predication

Adjectives are one of the three characteristic forms of a verb, and this form imposes a second set of functions and properties on its verb function and properties. This situation requires special attention and special research on quality. An adjective can express itself in the text because it has its own subject, object, etc., that is, it can form its own syntactic device - predicate. He himself remains the predicate of this predicate. It is part of another simple sentence with the adjective and the predicate of this content. That is why we have chosen to dwell on the syntactic function and semantic side of the adjective, which is the adjective of the part of the adjectives in the Uzbek language. Accordingly, this paper examines the arrival and semantic-syntactic properties of the owner of a qualitative device as an object of secondary predication.

scholarly journals Structural and semantic characteristics of English complex sentences with object clauses

XLinguae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Durus Kozuev ◽  
Nazgul Dzharkinbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Description ◽  
English Sentence ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pragmatic Aspect ◽  
The Relationship

In modern linguistics, the functional and communicative side phenomena are growing towards the pragmatic aspect of the language. However, the problem of the relationship between meaning and its expression still remains in the focus of linguists’ attention. The problem of characterizing sentences in linguistics has not yet been analyzed. This research is the first instance of a systematic study of syntactic structures and ways of expressing in the language. In this case, the main emphasis is on communicative, formal, and functional-semantic statements. The article is devoted to the structural-semantic description of complex English sentences with object clauses. It focuses on the fact that these sentences are characterized by a full subjectpredicate structure in its constituent parts: at the main sentence and subordinate clause. Note that complex sentences follow the English two-part sentence’s rigorous principle: both the subject and the predicate. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that the study of structural and semantic features of syntactic units of various levels in linguistics has a unique scientific and theoretical significance. Learning Sentences in Linguistics began quite a long time ago; however, a comparative analysis of a simple one-compound English sentence has not become the object of special research up until now. The proposal is understood as a central object, and a comprehensive revealing of its essence is one of the difficult problems that need to be solved.

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