Datura stramonium Leaf Extract Toxic Effects on Testis in Swiss Albino Mice Mus muscullu

The notorious weed, jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.) is a hallucinating plant with both poisonous and medicinal properties. The neurotoxicity of the plant is attributed to the presence of tropane alkaloids which contain a methylated nitrogen atom (N-CH3) that block neurotransmitters in the brain. Ethno-medicinally, the frequent recreational abuse of D. stramonium has resulted in toxic syndromes. This investigation has been designed to examine the toxicity and describe the possible changes in the structural function of vital organs, following the oral intubation of non-lethal doses of Datura stramonium leaves crude aqueous extract. Through preliminary trials, crude aqueous extract. Of 200mg leaves per kilogram body weight was established as a tolerable non-lethal dose. Three doses 0.36, 0.7, and 4 mg/kg were orally weekly, administered to the male mice in a 0.1 ml volume. Acute toxicity studies were accomplished through oral intubation of three dosages in each case. Observation and mortality were reported for 24 .48, 72 hours Prolonged toxicity was performed through the administration of weekly, single doses oral for 40 days. The observation was made on the mice's body weight, , and histological abnormality of a testis organ.

HISTOLOGICAL VARIANCES OF MORINGA OLIFERA ON THE KIDNEY OF ADULT WISTAR RATS

Aim and Objectives: Demonstrating the exact quantity of Moringa oleifera (MO) that will cure any hepatocyte diseases and the one that can harm the hepatocytes of the Adult Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty (20) adult Wistar rats (both sex) were used for the study (caged based on same sex to avoid mating and pregnancy) and were randomly assigned into four groups (n=5); A-Control, B-250 mg/body weight (BW) of MO, C-500 mg/BW of MO, and D-750 mg/BW of MO orally. Result: The crude aqueous extract of MO Lam, shows insignificant increased in BW at the 1st week of administration which latter dropped little by little doing the weeks of the administration in groups (B, C, and D) rats, by comparing (p<0.05) to the control group after MO administration, the organ (Kidneys) shows a significant difference between the kidneys (left and right kidneys) in relation to the control group rats. MO increases the weight of the animals morphologically by comparing the weight of the animals before and after administration. Histological sections shows a normal Glomerulli, Peri-Glomerular Space, Convoluted Tubules, and Interstitium, after administration of the Crude Aqueous Extract of MO lame in terms with the control group rats. Conclusion: MO is a good herb that has no damage effect on the body and hepatocytes but of more beneficial.

Cytogenetic in Vivo Effects of The Aqueous Extract of Raphanus Sativus L. Leaves in Mitosis of the Meristematic Cells of \Onion Roots

The current study included the preparation of the aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae), commonly known as radish which is widely available throughout the world and has been used in folk medicine as a natural drug against many toxicants. The study was designed to evaluate the in vivo cytogenetic activity of the crude aqueous extract of R. sativus on mitosis on Allium cepa root tips as a plant test system. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude aqueous extract (0.00, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/ml). The study included a number of cytogenetic analyses such as mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. The data showed that this extract led to reducing the mitotic index (MI) to less than 50%. Specifically, when treated with 10 and 40 mg/ml the mitotic index reached 23.72 % and 41.89 %, respectively. This reduction is considered to have toxic and sublethal effects. The extract caused an arrest of the cells at metaphase (c-metaphase) with a high percentage of 80.76% at 5 mg/ml, along with chromosomal aberrations including sticky metaphase, polar deviation, and bridges in anaphase.

The population, protein profile and ultrastructure of Ascaridia galli in chicken treated using Areca catechu crude aqueous extract

The study aimed at investigating the population, the protein profile and the ultrastructure of adult worms in the intestine of domestic chicken treated using Areca catechu crude aqueous extract. Fifty domestic female chickens of 6 weeks of age were assigned to 5 groups. Group A (negative control) was not given any treatment and any drug. Groups B, C and D were given the treatment at the doses of 26 mg/mL, 53 mg/mL and 79 mg/mL, respectively. Group E (positive control) was given Pyrantel®. Necropsy was conducted to all of the chickens 14 days after the treatment. Adult worms were collected and counted. The worms used in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were those collected from the jejunum of the chickens in the groups A, B and C. The biggest number of the worms was found in the jejunum. The results of electrophoresis showed that the dose 53 mg/mL gave fewer protein bands than the negative control (21:12 ratio), while the results of the SEM showed that there was cuticle damage and anterior labia abrasion at the dose of 53 mg/mL. The Areca catechu crude aqueous extract showed anthelmintic activity potential by reducing the number of the adult worms, lowering their protein profile and damaging the A. galli worms in the intestine.

Pengaruh Infusa Biji Buah Pinang (Areca catechu) Terhadap Tingkat Kematian dan Morfometri Cacing Dewasa Ascaridia galli Secara In Vitro

The study evaluates in vitro effects of Areca catechu crude aqueous extract as anthelmintics on Ascaridia galli adult mortality rate and morphometry. Naturally infected chickens were collected from slaughtered chickens at local slaughterhouses in Yogyakarta. Chicken’s intestines were carefully examined and transported to the Parasitological Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Ascaridia galli were collected from intestines (including duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and put into a petri dish containing 0.62% saline water. There were 60 A. galli in each concentration of Areca catechu crude aqueous extract. Investigation on mortality rate of adult worms at various concentration and observation as well as differences in A. galli morphometry and mortality rate were analyzed using analysis Anova. The figures of the parasites or the parts of the parasites were captured using camera Lucida and then they were measured using both micrometer and curvimeter. The morphology of the parasites was identified to find out their morphometric characteristics.The results of morphometric observation of the A. galli showed that there was a significant difference in the body width and the vulva length of the females and in the body width, the esophageal length and the esophageal width of the males.This research disclosed that Areca catechu crude aqueous extract significantly affected the mortality rate of adult A.galli at various concentration. This research observed that the best concentration to kill the adult worms was 25% Areca catechu crude aqueous extract.