MARGIN OF SAFETY OF HIRING DECISION OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SERVICES BY RICE FARMERS IN ALNAJAF AL-ASHRAF PROVINCE

The main objective of this study is to compute margin of safety of hiring decision of agricultural machinery services in Iraq. A cost-volume-profit analysis by using breakeven point technique has been followed to find out the margin of safety by using cross- section data in rice production farms in Alnajaf province. Results showed that the break-even point for different types of original agricultural field machinery were 427, 6.5, and 221 hours for tractor and machinery of soil preparation, farm sprayer, and combine harvester, respectively, while the values of break-even point for different types of used agricultural field machinery were 309, 10, and 319 hours for tractor, farm sprayer, and combine harvester, in that order. Results also pointed out that the negative sign of safety margin of areas of all machineries indicated that there are losses faced by small scale farmers in case of ownership these machineries, and the minimum lose amounted about $ 316116 for original tractor, $ 52611 for used tractor, $ 220.5 for original farm sprayer, $ 88 for used farm sprayer, $ 664664 for original combine harvester and $ 584650 for used combine harvester. The study recommended that it is useful for small scale farmers in Alnajaf province to continue hiring various agricultural machinery services rather than purchase them due to the absence of safety margin of holding areas. Therefore machine stations of agricultural machineries services maybe developed by Iraqi government in the study region to provide these services to the farmers with supported prices.

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CUSTOM HIRING VERSUS OWNERSHIP OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SERVICES IN RICE PRODUCTION FARMS IN ALNAJAF AL-ASHRAF PROVINCE

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v49i6.142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Z. R. KADHIM

Keyword(s):

Minimum Cost ◽

Cash Flows ◽

Rice Production ◽

Small Scale ◽

Fixed Costs ◽

Agricultural Machinery ◽

Section Data ◽

Engineering Costs ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

The Individual

Investments in ownership of agricultural machinery services and access to them, especially for small-scale farmers, may not be the minimum cost option in comparison with hiring these required services through oral or written agricultural hire contracts. The main objective of this research is to test whether the custom hiring status of agricultural machinery services is better for selected sample in comparison with the other potential alternatives. The theoretical framework based on the financial approach of engineering costs analysis of agricultural machineries services, to calculate discounted cash flows. The data were collected by using cross- section data in rice production farms in Alnajaf Al-ashraf province during 2015 farming season. The results indicated that the total costs of the used machineries are lower purchasing price, fixed costs and requires more powered skills than new machineries. Results also pointed out that the values of net present criterion had negative sign and less than zero at 5%, 7% and 10% discount rates because of the costs of financing exceed total revenues earned from agricultural machineries in addition to the results showed that the investments on all new and used agricultural machinery in the study area are unprofitable based on profitability ratio criteria. The custom hire should be encouraged for enhancing the use of agricultural machinery services in the province due to it is highly profitable from the individual investor viewpoint.

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ANALISIS MARGIN OF SAFETY USAHA PETERNAKAN PUYUH “MERRYLAND” DI DESA KALI KECAMATAN PINELENG KABUPATN MINAHASA

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.38.1.2018.18672 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Lisa Wangefela ◽

N M Santa ◽

A H.S Salendu ◽

L S Kalangi

Keyword(s):

Safety Margin ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Primary Data ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Poultry Farm ◽

District Office ◽

Margin Of Safety ◽

Using Data ◽

Break Even Point

ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF SAFETY MARGIN ON “MERRYLAND” QUAIL POULTRY FARM AT KALI VILLAGE PINELENG DISTRICT OF MINAHASA REGENCY. The purpose of this study was to determine the break-even point of "Merryland" quail poultry farm and to determine the margin of safety of this farm. The research location was at the "Merryland" quail poultry farm on Kali village Pineleng district of Minahasa regency, with the consideration that the venture is a private farm enterprise. This farm enterprise had been operated more than 3 years. The number of birds held were 5000 chicken quail. This study was conducted during one month from December 10, 2016 to January 10, 2017. The method was applied using the case study method, in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were using data obtained from interviews with the respondents through a list of questions that had been provided. Secondary data were obtained using variables at the office related to research data, including the Village Office, District Office, and Office of the Department of Agriculture / Animal Husbandry. Based on the survey, results indicated that quail poultry farm of "Merryland" had reached breakeven sales of 690,732 quail eggs or on sale of IDR259,589,665. If the breeder declined in egg sales, the number of eggs tolerated of farmers not sufferin economic losses were 58.8% of the total sales. Keywords : Quail, Margin Of Safety

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Break Even Analysis of Poultry Egg Production in Rural Area in Southeast Sulawesi

Binus Business Review ◽

10.21512/bbr.v7i3.1501 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eryanti Niu ◽

Haji Saediman ◽

Surni Surni

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Egg Production ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Small Scale ◽

Net Income ◽

Assistance Program ◽

Study Approach ◽

Margin Of Safety ◽

Break Even Point

This research aimed to analyze break-even point and margin of safety of poultry egg production in the rural area in Southeast Sulawesi. The research used a case study approach by using questionnaire1, in-depth interviews, and observation to collect data and information from a small-scale poultry egg producing enterprise which was selected purposively with the consideration that the farm is located in rural area and had less than 1.000 laying hens. Data were analyzed using costs and returns, break-even point, and margin of safety ratio. Research results show that the enterprise record net income of Rp9.232.165,00. R/C ratio of 1,32 means that the enterprise would earn a revenue of Rp1,32 for every one rupiah it invested. Break even sales are Rp3.374.474,00 and break even volume was 140,60 kg. The egg production is far above both the break-even sales and units, meaning that the enterprise earns a profit from egg production. The margin of safety is Rp34.750.526,00 or 91,15%, indicating a high level of safety in the enterprise. In view of its profitability and the importance of poultry egg production in the generation of employment and fulfillment of protein needs of the population, local government and other stakeholders are suggested to take measures to promote poultry egg production in rural areas by providing technical assistance program for small-scale poultry farmers at the community level and improving managerial skills in the poultryegg production.

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Knowledge and Awareness Level of COVID-19 among the Farm Women and Its Impact on Agricultural Operation in Sikar District of Rajasthan

Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology ◽

10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1030722 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 467-473

Author(s):

Subhita Kumawat ◽

Priyanka Kumawat ◽

Mukesh Nitharwal ◽

Balbir Singh Badhala ◽

Hanuman Singh Jatav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Farm Women ◽

Small Scale ◽

Agricultural Field ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Contagious Disease ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

High Level

In India, agriculture and related industries constitute the most important source of income. Around 120 million small-scale farmers play an important role in the country's food supply system. People's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding any contagious disease, such as COVID-19, all play a role in determining a society's willingness to accept behavioural change strategies aimed at disease prevention. The majority of respondents (35.00 percent) are between the ages of 35 to 45, with 77 of the total respondents belonging to the OBC categories. The majority of respondents' educational levels were indicated as high school (49.17 percent). The findings of this study revealed that there was a high level of awareness, particularly among farm women, about the nature of disease, its symptoms, and the preventive actions that should be followed to prevent disease transmission. COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by a virus, according to the majority of respondents (79.17%), and respiratory droplets are the virus's primary method of transmission, according to 75.00 percent of respondents. Farmers should bring their own food and water from home to their agricultural field, as well as soap and water, according to all of the respondents (81.67 percent). Besides, 73.34 percent of respondents believe that wearing a mask and maintaining social distance are necessary during agricultural tasks. COVID- 19 has also had an impact on agriculture. Farm women faced many constraints during this period. Out of which it is difficult to get agricultural inputs, animal feed and vaccines, lack of outside traders for product procurement, lack of technical experts to fix the problem in time, ignorance about government programs during the lockdown.

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Medicinal Plant Resources of Shivamogga, Karnataka

International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology - RTT2020 ◽

10.46501/ijmtst070122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (01) ◽

pp. 96-98

Author(s):

Arunakumar N C Veeranna B Shettar and Ranjith Y

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Sector ◽

Common Knowledge ◽

Small Scale ◽

Aromatic Plant ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Present Study Area ◽

Different Types ◽

Small Scale Farmers

The present study deals with the documentation of aromatic plant resources in Shivamogga district of Karnataka. The peoples of this area have a very good knowledge about the usage of these plants. Elder peoples of this area have common knowledge and easy cure for many common ailments and prepare different types of medicines from different plant parts. India is rich in medicinal and aromatic plants and play an important role in the country's agricultural sector due to quantitative and qualitative advantages. These plants can help small-scale farmers to strengthen their livelihoods and capacity to build successful and sustainable activities. A total of 40 aromatic plant species belonging to 33 genera and distributed over 22 families were recorded in the present study area.

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New approach to risk assessment of certain agricultural products

Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal ◽

10.51599/are.2021.07.01.03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 44-57

Author(s):

Oleksandr Oliynyk ◽

Olena Skoromna ◽

Oleksandr Gorokh ◽

Vitaliya Mishchenko ◽

Maryna Yevdokimova

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Safety Margin ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Risk Level ◽

Net Income ◽

New Approach ◽

Margin Of Safety ◽

Break Even Point

Purpose. The main purpose of the research is to substantiate a new approach to assessing the risk of production and sales of certain types of the agricultural products. Methodology / approach. The abstract-and-logical method (systematization of publications on risk assessment of the risk level); the economic and statistical one (determination of root-mean-square deviation (δ), the coefficient of variation (v), and the coefficient of residual variation); the marginal analysis (determination of the break-even level of production of certain types of the products) have been used. Results. The methodological approach that allows determining the risk level of certain types of the products has been developed and it has been proposed to determine not only with the help of the break-even point, but also to supplement the following indicators – determining the reserve of safety and the reserve of financial strength. It is proved that similar obtained assessments of the certain product type production risk level using the analysis of variation indices can be reached by examining the break-even point indices, financial safety margin and the margin of safety. Research results show that unlike variation indices, the break-even point index, the financial safety margin index and the margin of safety index show the maximum amount of possible net income reduction. Originality / scientific novelty. The methodical approach to the assessment of the risk level of agricultural production at the given level of profitability, which is based on the comparison of the levels of production intensity of certain types of the products, that ensures their break-even point, has been substantiated. Practical value. The application of the proposed methodological approach allows the managers to determine how much to reduce the amount of the net income or the level of production intensity, but not to fall into the zone of loss.

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Researching Alternative Cash Crops for Small Scale Farmers in Southern Ohio

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.530a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 530a-530

Author(s):

Brad Bergefurd ◽

Gary Gao

Keyword(s):

Applied Research ◽

Small Scale ◽

Extension Agents ◽

Research Projects ◽

Cash Crops ◽

Grant Program ◽

Culinary Herbs ◽

Small Scale Farmers

Speciality crops are great alternative cash crops for small scale farmers. Small scale farmers are constantly searching for viable economic crops to grow. We have been conducting applied research on the production and marketing of culinary herbs, oriental vegetables, colored peppers, and muskmelons to name a few. These crops show excellent potential for southern Ohio. Field demonstration, seminars, and surveys were used to gather and disseminate information on these speciality crops. More than 230 people attended our seminars on alternative cash crops. More than 150 people attended our field days. In addition, we had identified many chefs that are willing to purchase from local speciality crop growers. It will be a win-win situation for both chefs and growers. Growers will be able to maximize their profitability while chefs will receive fresh and unique produce. As a result of our research, we were able to show small scale growers what they can grow successfully and how they can market their crops for most profit. These applied research projects received a combined funding of $10000.00 from OSU Extension-Innovative Grant program. These projects are a great way to establish credibility among clients. We would also like to demonstrate how other extension agents can help their clients. A lecture utilizing slides and overhead transparencies will be the format of the seminar.

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