ACHILD MORTALITY IN THE CITY OF RORAIMA AND INDIGENOUS POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Bruna Cassia Macedo Dos Santos ◽  
Rosimeire Areias Rodrigues da Costa ◽  
Daniela Pereira da Silva ◽  
Márcia Silva Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Coef Cients ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City ◽  
Quantitative Nature

In the last decades, in developed countries there has been an increasing fall in maternal mortality. In developing countries the decline was small. This research aims to analyze the incidence of maternal and infant mortality in the State of Roraima in 2013. This is a descriptive and analytical study, of a quantitative nature to identify the occurrences of maternal and infant deaths in Roraima. The indexes and coefcients analyzed in this research were collected from information on the number of births and deaths of children under one year old, in 2013. It was observed that in the State of Roraima the level of maternal and infant mortality is still not satisfactory and that needs public policies capable of reducing the incidence of infant mortality, especially in indigenous areas.

scholarly journals The state of bio-ecological characteristics of the one-year shoots of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Under the conditions of industrial pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-252
Author(s):  
Tetiana Yusypiva ◽  
Halyna Miasoid
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
The State ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
The City

AbstractThe paper studies the influence of industrial pollution on bio-ecological characteristics of the one-year shoot of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the conditions of the city of Dnipro, Ukraine. It analyses the state of biometric parameters of the shoot and anatomic indices of the stem of the studied species exposed to toxic gases. It was found that there are adaptive changes in the histological structure of the stem of R. pseudoacacia under the conditions of technogenesis. The study revealed that bio-ecological characteristics of the black locust are highly resistant to industrial emissions with big shares of SO2 and NO2. It was suggested to use R. pseudoacacia for greening of the technogenic territories.

scholarly journals Fire prediction for a non-sanitary landfill “Bubanj” in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295-1305
Author(s):  
Emina Mihajlovic ◽  
Lidija Milosevic ◽  
Jasmina Radosavljevic ◽  
Amelija Djordjevic ◽  
Ivan Krstic
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
The State ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Active Section ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City

This paper reviews the state of the ?Bubanj? landfill near the City of Nis, Serbia, which has been used for 47 years and which is categorized as a non-sanitary landfill. We utilised the LandGEM 3.02 model, used for estimating landfill gas emission rates, to calculate the amount of landfill gases. Additionally, we measured the amount and composition of landfill gas in section S4 of the landfill from July 2014 to June 2015. We utilised the ALOHA software to estimate the fire-vulnerable zone. The results of our analysis show that the measured average methane emission is higher than the calculated emission. The difference between the measured average emission and calculated emission of methane is logical, as the measurements were performed in an active section, where methane emission higher than in inactive sections is to be expected. Based on the measured methane emissions during one year, we conclude that the methane emission drops as the ambient temperature drops. This paper showcases the state of the ?Bubanj? landfill, which is highly unsatisfactory in terms of environmental and fire protection because of landfill gas generation.

Infant Mortality

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
One Year

A child younger than one year of age (i.e., birth to twelve months) is termed an infant. Nearly 5.2 million children less than five died in 2019, with close to 75 percent dying in the first year. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is the probability of dying between birth and exactly one year of age expressed per one thousand live births and remains a key indicator to track child health and survival. Globally, infant deaths have markedly decreased during the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) period and beyond. The IMR is closely linked to the neonatal period as the greatest risk of mortality in the first year is during the first twenty-eight days of life. Out of the 3.9 million infants who died in 2019, nearly 2.4 million (61.5 percent) died in the first month. Globally, the leading causes of neonatal mortality are complications from preterm birth, intrapartum-related neonatal events, and neonatal infections. Preterm birth complications, the leading cause of under-five and infant deaths, account for nearly 35 percent of all neonatal deaths. Addressing causes of neonatal mortality is critical in reducing global infant mortality and achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2. With the COVID-19 pandemic and its predicted long-term effects on maternal and child health, health systems, and food security this challenge is all the greater.

scholarly journals Evolution of Infant Mortality in Ecuador: A Spatial Analysis From 2010 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Lalangui Vivanco ◽  
Karina Rivadeneira Maya ◽  
Christian Sánchez-Carrillo ◽  
Gersain Sosa Cortéz ◽  
Emmanuelle Quentin
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Situation

Abstract The health situation of children is fundamental for the big picture of public health in a country. Particularly, the death of children under one year of age, calculated through the infant mortality rate is still a key indicator, especially in Latin America where the overall rate has been constantly decreasing down to 13.9 infant deaths per 1000 live births. But this global figure encompasses geographical and temporal disparities within the same country. This is why it is interesting to analyze this evolution through a geomatic method of spatial prioritization. By combining hotspots detection (Local Indicators of Spatial Association, LISA) and time trend over 20 years (Mann-Kendall) at municipal level data from Ecuador, a country with infant mortality similar to the regional average, we obtain the most critical townships that should receive special attention with respect to maternal and infant health.

Whose reproductive futures? Race-biopolitics and resistance in the Black infant mortality reduction campaigns in Milwaukee

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Kristin M Sziarto
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Black Parents ◽  
Mortality Reduction ◽  
Safe Sleep ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
The City ◽  
Black Infant

This paper contributes to Foucauldian population geographies by examining an infant mortality reduction campaign in Milwaukee. The infant mortality rate for Milwaukee’s Black community is about three times that for whites and higher than rates for other racialized groups. This paper asks how Milwaukee’s public health interventions came to focus on sleep deaths, when population data show that preterm birth and congenital abnormalities are the leading causes of all infant deaths in the city, and the greatest contributor to the racial gap. The City of Milwaukee Health Department and partners drew on contradictory biopolitical logics and practices: On one hand, they located the problem of the “gap” in particular segregated neighborhoods-in-crisis, and on the other hand, they used an ostensibly “race-blind” strategy of promoting safe sleep environments. These spatializations together shifted blame for the crisis onto “failing” parents, especially Black parents. Tracing instances of resistance through the development and implementation of the campaign suggests possibilities for an anti-racist biopolitics.

Mortality Rate of Japanese Twins and Triplets III. Infant Deaths of Triplets After Birth to One Year of Age

1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi ◽  
Eiji Inouye ◽  
Akio Asaka
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
The Third ◽  
Monthly Expenditure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

The rate of infant mortality of triplet individuals (deaths under one year of age) was computed using 34 sets of triplets born in the first half of 1974. The rates were 8.82%, 9.68%, and 10.34% for the first-, second-, and the third-born triplets, respectively. For males and females the rates were 8.33% and 10.34%, respectively, and the difference was not significant. The rate decreased with gestational age up to 32-35 weeks. For those with heavier weight at birth (≤2,000 g) the rate was lower (0%) than for those with lighter weight (<2,000 g, 8.16%), but the difference is not significant (P = 0.087). Infant mortality rate of triplets decreased with increased monthly expenditure of the household.

A Dreadful Childhood: The Excess Mortality of American Slaves

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Steckel
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
The Past ◽  
One Year ◽  
Height Data

Mortality rates in early childhood are widely regarded as a sensitive index of the health and living standards of a population (United Nations, 1973: 138-139; Williamson, 1981; Haines, 1985). The debate over the health and treatment of American slaves has led scholars to investigate various data and methods to construct these measures. Early work based on plantation records placed the infant mortality rate (the proportion of live births that die within one year of birth) at 152.6 per thousand (Postell, 1951: 158). Using census data and indirect techniques, estimates of the infant mortality rate climbed from 182.7 per thousand by Evans (1962: 212) to 274 to 302 per thousand by Farley (1970: 33) and 246 to 275 per thousand by Eblen (1972; 1974). Recent work based on height data and indirect techniques places the infant mortality rate in the neighborhood of 350 per thousand and total losses before the end of the first year (stillbirths plus infant deaths) at nearly 50% (Steckel, 1986a). Thus, measurements over the past four decades have gravitated toward the judgment of southern planter Thomas Afflick (1851: 435) who wrote, “Of those born, one half die under one year.”

INCREASING PRE-TERM AND LOW-BIRTH- WEIGHT RATES OVER TIME AND THEIR IMPACT ON INFANT MORTALITY IN SOUTH-EAST BRAZIL

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO ZUBARAN GOLDANI ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO BARBIERI ◽  
ROBERTO JORGE RONA ◽  
ANTÔNIO AUGUSTO MOURA DA SILVA ◽  
HELOISA BETTIOL
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Term Births ◽  
The City

This study investigates the possible effects of pre-term births and low birth weight on infant mortality rates (IMRs) over a 15-year period in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, based on surveys carried out in 1978/79 and 1994. The 1978/79 survey included 6750 births over a 12-month period and the 1994 survey 2846 births over a 4-month period. Infant deaths were retrieved monthly from the city register. Infant mortality rate decreased from 36·6 to 16·9 deaths per 1000 over 15 years. The decrease in IMR was larger in the 2500–2999 g group than in any other group. The observed falls in IMR were attributable to decreases in birth-weight-specific mortality rates. Likewise, there was a general decrease in IMR in mild, moderate and severe pre-term births. The incidence rate ratio of infant mortality between surveys was 0·46 (95% CI 0·34–0·63); it increased to 0·57 (95% CI 0·35–0·75) when adjusted for birth weight and other factors in the model and rose to 0·69 (95% CI 0·49–0·97) when adjusted for length of gestation and other variables. The increase in pre-term births and low birth weight may have had, at most, a marginal effect on the IMR. Progress in the care of newborns may have decreased the mortality risk, but even mild pre-term birth still has an impact on infant mortality. There is room for further improvement in IMR by tackling the high rates of pre-term birth.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-728
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
One Year

THE infant mortality rate in 1947 was the lowest on record, according to figures released by the National Office of Vital Statistics of the Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency. The number of deaths under one year recorded in the United States during 1947 was 119,173, or 8,110 more than the number (111,063) reported in 1946. However, this increase reflects the tremendous increase in the number of births during 1947 and not a rise in infant mortality. The relative frequency of infant deaths as [SEE TABLE 1,2 and 3 IN SOURCE PDF] measured by the infant mortality rate decreased from 33.8 per 1,000 live births in 1946 to 32.2 in 1947. Provisional figures indicate a further decline in 1948 to an estimated rate of 31.8. The five leading causes of infant deaths in 1947 and the infant mortality rates for each are: premature birth, 11.1 ; congenital malformations, 4.6; pneumonia and influenza, 3.6; injury at birth, 3,5; and asphyxia and atelectasis, 1.6. These leading causes accounted for 75.7% of all the infant deaths in 1947. This was the first year that asphyxia and atelectasis ranked among the five leading causes of infant deaths and that diarrhea, enteritis and ulceration of the intestines has not been in this group. The number of deaths [See Table 4 in source pdf] under one you and infant mortality rates for selected causes in the United States during 1946 and 1947 are presented in Table 2. The relative frequency of deaths under one year is greatest for the under one day age group and decreases steadily with age. Mortality is higher among nonwhite than white infants deaths and among male than female infants. The number of infants deaths and infant mortality rates in the United States for 1947 by subdivisions of the first year of life, race, and sex, are shown in Table 1.

The State of Transfer Systems: An Analytical Study With Respect to Human Information Recognition—An Approach From a Smooth Transfer System in Marine Transportation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoe Oikawa ◽  
Takahiro Koga ◽  
Takeo Kondo ◽  
Kazukiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Wataru Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Smooth Movement ◽  
Information Recognition ◽  
The City

The purpose of this research is to examine in detail provision of signs for ensuring smooth movement, conducted by transportation companies at traffic nodes, and to identify future issues to be solved for maintenance of marine-based traffic nodes. To this end, as the study site, we selected the City of Hiroshima in Japan, where a wide variety of traffic nodes, such as railroads, streetcars, buses, and ferries, are available. In particular, as main facilities to be studied, we focused on Ujina Terminal, which is a marine traffic node, and Hiroshima Station, which is an onshore traffic node. We examined the current status of and problems with facility plans and sign plans at traffic nodes through field exploration of the City of Hiroshima and questionnaires with tourists. As a result, it was found that in order to formulate a sign plan that can ensure security, cooperation with not only land traffic nodes but also marine traffic nodes will be an important issue in future when providing signs at marine traffic nodes for ensuring smooth movement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document