PREVALENCE OF CERTAIN VIRAL DISEASES AND DIROFILARIA IMMITIS INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tarafder
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Canine Influenza

Background: Stray and pet dogs constitute the dog population in Bangladesh without any established dog statistics. Diseases of dogs are not only associated with morbidity and mortality in dogs but also associated with human health problems as zoonotic diseases. Inland reports on the prevalence of dog diseases are limited in Bangladesh and there is need to investigate diseases in both stray and pet dog populations. Objectives: The main objective is to determine the prevalence of Canine distemper (CD), Canine adenovirus- 1 (CAV-1), CAV-2, Canine influenza (CI) and Dirofilaria immitis (Heart worm infection = HWI) infection in stray dogs in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Blood, ocular and nasal samples were collected from each of 30 randomly caught stray dogs (11 male and 19 female) and of different ages, including growing (n = 3) and adult (n = 27) dogs in the district of Mymensingh in Bangladesh from January to June 2010. These samples were tested by using Antigen Test Kits (RapiGEN Inc, Korea). Results: All the 30 stray dogs showed negative results to CD, CAV-1 and CAV-2, whereas an overall high prevalence of CI (4/30; 13.33%) and HWI (15/30; 50.0%) were recorded. The higher prevalence of CI was recorded in growing (n = 2/3; 66.67%) than adult (n = 2/27; 7.41%) but it did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between male (n = 2/11; 18.18%) and female (n = 2/19; 10.53%) dogs. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence of D. immitis infection was recorded in adult (n = 15/27; 55.56%) than growing (0/3; 0.0%), male (n = 8/11; 72.73%) than female (n = 7/19; 36.84%) dogs. Conclusions: Further studies on CI and D. immitis are necessary on a large population of stray and pet small animals along with humans to ascertain their importance on health and zoonotic significance in Bangladesh. Key words: Viral diseases, Dirofilariasis, Stray dogs, Antigen test kits

scholarly journals Geographic distribution of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern Romania

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Ciucă ◽  
Vincenzo Musella ◽  
Liviu D. Miron ◽  
Maria Paola Maurelli ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
High Prevalence

A survey was conducted in the eastern part of Romania to assess the prevalence and geographical distribution of <em>Dirofilaria immitis</em> in dogs. Plasma samples were collected from 458 stray dogs hosted in shelters in 8 counties and tested serologically for the presence of heartworm. In addition, 45 blood samples from dogs of a shelter in Galati city were examined by the modified Knott and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The immmunological assay showed a heartworm infection prevalence of 8.9% in the dogs. Optical density results for positive samples ranged between 0.217 and 2.683. Geographical information systems (GIS) were used to produce overlays of distribution maps of <em>D. immitis</em> prevalence and predictive maps based on temperature suitability. High prevalence of <em>D. immitis</em> was found in the central East up to the northern border of the country, i.e. Galati county (60%), followed by the counties of Vaslui (12.0%) and Iasi (7.7%). Out of 45 samples examined using the Knott test, 23 were positive for circulating microfilariae (51.1%), while 19 dogs were positive for <em>D. immitis</em> and 4 for both <em>D. immitis</em> and <em>D. repens</em> with the multiplex PCR test. The high prevalence for <em>D. immitis</em> shown in dogs in the Southeast (Galati, 42.2%) also by multiplex PCR gave strong support to the results achieved by the serological tests. The present study confirms the ability of GIS to predict the distribution and epidemiology of dirofilariosis in different geographical territories as has been already demonstrated by the empirical epidemiological data obtained at the continental, national and intraregional levels.

scholarly journals High prevalence of Leptospirosis among stray dogs of Bojnurd county, Northeast of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
K. Arzamani ◽  
G. Abdollahpour ◽  
H. Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam ◽  
M. Alavinia ◽  
V. Neela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stray Dogs ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Iran: a large population-based study

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Hosseinpanah ◽  
Farshad Kasraei ◽  
Amir A Nassiri ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Ancestry of the AUTS2 family–A novel group of polycomb-complex proteins involved in human neurological disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0232101
Author(s):  
Robert A. Sellers ◽  
David L. Robertson ◽  
May Tassabehji
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Function ◽  
Polycomb Complex ◽  
Putative Domain ◽  
Human Specific

Autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2) is a neurodevelopmental regulator associated with an autosomal dominant intellectual disability syndrome, AUTS2 syndrome, and is implicated as an important gene in human-specific evolution. AUTS2 exists as part of a tripartite gene family, the AUTS2 family, which includes two relatively undefined proteins, Fibrosin (FBRS) and Fibrosin-like protein 1 (FBRSL1). Evolutionary ancestors of AUTS2 have not been formally identified outside of the Animalia clade. A Drosophila melanogaster protein, Tay bridge, with a role in neurodevelopment, has been shown to display limited similarity to the C-terminal of AUTS2, suggesting that evolutionary ancestors of the AUTS2 family may exist within other Protostome lineages. Here we present an evolutionary analysis of the AUTS2 family, which highlights ancestral homologs of AUTS2 in multiple Protostome species, implicates AUTS2 as the closest human relative to the progenitor of the AUTS2 family, and demonstrates that Tay bridge is a divergent ortholog of the ancestral AUTS2 progenitor gene. We also define regions of high relative sequence identity, with potential functional significance, shared by the extended AUTS2 protein family. Using structural predictions coupled with sequence conservation and human variant data from 15,708 individuals, a putative domain structure for AUTS2 was produced that can be used to aid interpretation of the consequences of nucleotide variation on protein structure and function in human disease. To assess the role of AUTS2 in human-specific evolution, we recalculated allele frequencies at previously identified human derived sites using large population genome data, and show a high prevalence of ancestral alleles, suggesting that AUTS2 may not be a rapidly evolving gene, as previously thought.

1341 ARE CURRENT NORMAL RANGES SET TOO HIGH? PREVALENCE OF ABNORMAL LIVER TRANSAMINASES IN A LARGE POPULATION-BASED COHORT OF THE RUHR AREA

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S540-S541
Author(s):  
J. Kälsch ◽  
H. Kälsch ◽  
D. Heider ◽  
J.-P. Sowa ◽  
L.P. Bechmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ruhr Area ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Liver Transaminases

scholarly journals False positive antigen test for Dirofilaria immitis after heat treatment of the blood sample in a microfilaremic dog infected with Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Szatmári ◽  
Martin Willem van Leeuwen ◽  
Christine Jantine Piek ◽  
Luigi Venco
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antigen Test

Abstract Background Dirofilaria immitis is responsible for heartworm disease in dogs in endemic areas worldwide. Screening for this infection is done by blood tests. Antigen testing is the most sensitive method to detect an infection with adult (female) worms. Microscopic examination of a blood smear or Knott’s test can be used to detect circulating microfilariae, the infective larvae. To increase the sensitivity of the antigen test by decreasing the false negative test results, heating of the blood sample has been recommended in recent guidelines. Heating is believed to remove blocking immune-complexes. Circulating microfilariae are not specific findings for heartworm infection, as other nematodes (among others, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) can also result in microfilaremia. Although the type of microfilariae cannot be determined by microscopy alone, real-time PCR can reliably identify the infecting nematode species. Correct identification of the parasite is of major importance, as an infection with D. immitis requires antiparasitic therapy, whereas A. dracunculoides is thought to be a clinically irrelevant coincidental finding. The present case report describes a microfilaremic dog where the initial antigen test for D. immitis turned positive after heat treatment, whereas real-time PCR revealed that the microfilariae were A. dracunculoides (syn. Dipetalonema dracunculoides). Results A circa 5-year old, asymptomatic Spanish mastiff dog was referred for heartworm therapy because microfilariae were found via a screening blood test. The dog was recently imported to the Netherlands from Spain, where it had been a stray dog. Antigen tests on a plasma sample for D. immitis were performed with three different test kits, which all turned out to be negative. However, heat treatment of two of these samples were carried out and both of them led to a positive antigen test result. Real-time PCR showed that the circulating microfilariae belonged to A. dracunculoides species. Three administrations of moxidectin spot-on at monthly intervals resulted in a negative antigen and a negative Knott’s tests one month after the last treatment. Conclusions We conclude that heat treatment of initially negative blood samples for D. immitis could lead to false positive antigen test results if the dog is infected with A. dracunculoides.

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs from Hatay province, Turkey

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yaman ◽  
M. Guzel ◽  
I.S. Koltas ◽  
M. Demirkazik ◽  
H. Aktas
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Occult Infection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Prevalence

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of canine dirofilariosis in Hatay province, south of Turkey. A total of 269 blood samples were collected from owned dogs in this multi-centre survey between March and July 2006. Blood samples were examined by modified Knott and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques to detect circulating microfilariae and antigens of Dirofilaria immitis, respectively. Seventy out of 269 dogs (26.0%) were positive for D. immitis. However, 61.4% of positive dogs had occult infection. The prevalence of canine dirofilariosis was heterogeneous in Hatay province, with higher values in shoreline (33.0%) and riverside (30.9%) areas followed by the lowland (25.5%) or mountainous (15.2%) areas. No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to sex (females, 33.3%; males, 24.4%, P>0.05). When evaluating the prevalence of D. immitis by age, the highest prevalence was observed in dogs older than 4 years of age. Large breeds (29.6%) and the dogs living outdoors (30.2%) showed a higher prevalence in comparison to small breeds (21.4%) and the dogs living indoors (10.5%), respectively. In conclusion, according to the results of this study canine dirofilariosis had a high prevalence in Hatay province. Therefore, prophylaxis against heartworm is advisable to decrease the incidence of canine dirofilariosis.

High Prevalence and Variability of CTX-M-15-Producing and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Observed in Stray Dogs in Rural Angola

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Albrechtova ◽  
Michaela Kubelova ◽  
Jana Mazancova ◽  
Monika Dolejska ◽  
Ivan Literak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals A Survey on Dirofilaria immitis Occurence in Stray Dogs of Tabriz (Iran)

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nematollahi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Javidi Barazandeh
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Canine Population

To determine the prevalence of microfilariae Dirofilaria immitis (canine heart worm) infection in Tabriz (East-Azarbaijan province, Iran), blood samples from 63 male and 37 female stray dogs of six age groups (< 1 years, 1-3 years, 3-5 years, 5-7 years, 7-9 years and > 9 years) were analyzed by means of the Knott method. Dirofilaria immitis infection was found in 30 of 100 tested dogs (30%). Male dogs (33.3%) were more infected than females (24.3%), but this difference was not significant. Higher prevalence was found in > 9 years old dogs than in other age groups, but this difference was not statistically significant. It would be useful to apply prevention measures to control Dirofilaria immitis infection in the canine population of Tabriz.

scholarly journals The Role of Biomarkers in the Assessment of Fragility Syndrome in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Ana Popa ◽  
Anatolie Negară ◽  
Gabriela Șoric ◽  
Ion Sîrbu ◽  
Ana Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Multidimensional Concept ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract Fragility is an important concept in geriatric medicine, and the study of its etiology has become a fundamental aspiration of many researchers in the field of aging(1) Fried’s model of defining fragile individuals has been praised for reproducibility and clinical consistency and has been validated despite negative results from large population studies. This index based on physical parameters evaluates only one aspect of frailty, while frailty is probably a complex, multidimensional concept(2). Therefore, new strategies for identifying and assessing frailty in the elderly are needed. The use of biomarkers as new methods for diagnosing frailty could ensure greater accuracy in the detection of fragile subjects in the early stages(3). The aim of the paper was to evaluate the role of biomarkers in identifying people at high risk of frailty. The results of studies on biomarkers used to assess fragility were evaluated from the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Conclusion. It is considered that biomarkers may be useful for the management of fragile patients only in combination with several biomarkers or with a clinical marker.

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