Influence of the Applied Measurement Methodology on the Results of Geometric Measurements of the SB4 Spring Clips

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (191) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ostromęcka ◽  
Andrzej Aniszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Base Plate ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Clamping Force ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurement ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Measurement Methodology

The article presents the results of measurements of the “b” dimension of the SB4 spring clips carried out using three measurement methods that differ in the method and width of the base plate contact. The results obtained are presented and the uncertainty of measurement for each method is estimated. Attention was paid to the issues of the obtained dispersion of the value of the “b” dimension. The tolerated dimensions are discussed. The proposed measurement methods can help to identify shape mismatches of spring clips. Keywords: rail fastening, spring clip, dimensional measurements, clamping force

Assembly Strength Tests of SB4-type Spring Clips

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (190) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ostromęcka ◽  
Andrzej Aniszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Strength Test ◽  
Clamping Force ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Measurement Methodology

The article discusses the results of assembly strength tests carried out on SB4-type spring clips. Increases in the “b” and “f ” dimensions were observed and the tests were extended to include measurements performed after ten and fifteen assemblies and disassemblies of the spring clip. Special emphasis has been placed on the ability to interpret the obtained results of the clip’s measured clamping force in relation to the applied measurement methodology. Keywords: rail fastening, spring clip, dimensional measurements, assembly strength test, clamping force

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Riveted Joints in Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics (GFRP)

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Bielawski ◽  
Michał Kowalik ◽  
Karol Suprynowicz ◽  
Witold Rządkowski ◽  
Paweł Pyrzanowski
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Clamping Force ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Riveted Joints ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics

Abstract The aim of the paper is to validate the use of measurement methods in the study of GFRP joints. A number of tests were carried out by means of a tensile machine. The studies were concerned with rivet connection of composite materials. One performed two series of tests for two different forces and two fibre orientations. Using Finite Element Method (FEM) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC), strain maps in the test samples were defined. The results obtained with both methods were analysed and compared. The destructive force was analysed and, with the use of a strain gauge, the clamping force in a plane parallel to the annihilated sample was estimated. Destruction processes were evaluated and models of destruction were made for this type of materials taking into account their connections, such as riveting.

scholarly journals Multiple Modern Methods of Blood Pressure Measurement and the 2018 European Society of Hypertesion Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
V. M. Gorbunov ◽  
E. Y. Fedorova ◽  
E. V. Platonova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
Evidence Source ◽  
Esc Guidelines ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Key Aspects

The new international guidelines on hypertension management have been issued in the past few years. The AHA (2017) and ESH (2018) Guidelines are similar in many key aspects. However, they differ substantially in the area of blood pressure (BP) measurement methodology. In this article, we aim to explain the ESC Guidelines position, specifically the conservative BP thresholds and a wider use of ambulatory BP measurement methods. In our opinion, the main reason behind this position is the introduction and a relatively widespread use of automatic office BP measurement (AOBP). On one hand, this method has questioned the results of the SPRINT trial – the key evidence source for the AHA Guidelines. On the other hand, AOBP has challenged the concept of “traditional office BP measurement”. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the current multiplicity of BP measurement methods and respective threshold values recommended for each method. It is essential to perform the office BP measurement correctly and thoroughly. Throughout all stages of the hypertensive patient management (diagnosis, antihypertensive treatment choice, and long-term observation), the use of out-of-clinic BP measurement is strongly advisable.

UNCERTAINTY OF THE MEASUREMENTS RESULTS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ITS METHODS ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
F.N. Karachevtsev ◽  
◽  
A.F. Letov ◽  
A.V. Slavin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Sample ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurement ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Final Measurement ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Difference

An explanation of the difference between the uncertainty and the error of the measurement results, which is in the approach to their assessment, is given. The standard and expanded uncertainty are estimated taking into account the uncertainty at each operation to transfer the size of a physical quantity from a standard (standard sample) to a measuring instrument and during measurements. The error is estimated based on the variance of the final measurement. Methods for evaluating the uncertainty of measurement results are given depending on regulatory documents, metrological characteristics, measurement methods, such as indicators and limits of repeatability and reproducibility.

scholarly journals Material and Geometric Aspects of SB4 Spring Clips Affecting Their Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (189) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ostromęcka ◽  
Andrzej Aniszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Clamping Force ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Dimensional Measurements

The article describes the requirements for SB4-type rail spring clips applied for railways before the spring clips are officially approved for use. Two basic aspects of spring clips are discussed: i.e. the material aspect (chemical composition, heat treatment, microstructure, and decarburization) and the aspect of geometric shape. Both of these aspects have a major impact on the performance of the end product. The article features examples of measurement results concerning selected dimensions of a batch of spring clips that did not meet the applicable requirements. It is an introduction to a series of publications presenting research on the influence of material composition and geometry of a product on its clamping force, stiff ness, elasticity curve, and assembly strength. Keywords: rail fastening, spring clip, dimensional measurements, hardness tests

scholarly journals Uncertainty of measurement -Important parameter for product conformity assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gina Mihaela SICOE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurement ◽  
Essential Parameter ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Vickers Hardness Measurement

The measurements are widely used to ensure the quality of products. It is known that the measurement process is influenced by many factors which lead to measurement errors. The uncertainty of measurement is an essential parameter because the expression of the results accompanied by uncertainty offers more confidence in the results. The research presented in this article focuses on methods forcalculating uncertainty and explaining the rules for making decisions when we use uncertainty. Two case studies are presented, one for dimensional measurements and the other for the estimation of the uncertainty of Vickers hardness measurement for one material, steel OLC15, in order to establish the relevance of the results and quality assessment. The results obtained on several measurements and the uncertainties of measurement associated are presented in the article and a discussion of the results is undertaken.

scholarly journals The Influence of Measurement Methodology on the Accuracy of Electrical Waveform Distortion Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Bartman ◽  
Bogdan Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Signal Theory ◽  
Voltage Waveform ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Distortion Analysis ◽  
Waveform Distortion ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
The Creation

Abstract The present paper covers a review of documents that specify measurement methods of voltage waveform distortion. It also presents measurement stages of waveform components that are uncommon in the classic fundamentals of electrotechnics and signal theory, including the creation process of groups and subgroups of harmonics and interharmonics. Moreover, the paper discusses selected distortion factors of periodic waveforms and presents analyses that compare the values of these distortion indices. The measurements were carried out in the cycle per cycle mode and the measurement methodology that was used complies with the IEC 61000-4-7 norm. The studies showed significant discrepancies between the values of analyzed parameters.

scholarly journals News on the Calibration of Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nieves Medina
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurement ◽  
Calibration Measurement ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
General Aspects

EURAMET Calibration Guide No. 18 ‘Guidelines on the Calibration of Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments’ is the document used, not only in Europe but worldwide, as a reference for the calibration of non-automatic weighing instruments. The purpose of the guide is to enhance the equivalence and mutual recognition of calibration results obtained by laboratories performing calibrations of non-automatic weighing instruments. It contains advice on general aspects of calibration, measurement methods and results, including uncertainty of measurement, the calibration certificate and the further use of the instrument. EURAMET’s Calibration Guide No. 18 latest update has been the first one involving direct collaboration with balance manufacturers. In this new version the guide has been improved in many technical details with the aim of clarifying the content of the guide, including some necessary details or simplifying some calculations

scholarly journals Optimisation of parameters for the production of perforated armour panels made of nanobainitic steel using dynamic hardness measurement methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Dynamic Indentation ◽  
Dynamic Hardness ◽  
Bainitic Steels ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Wear ◽  
Firing Tests

The study is a continuation of the development of material characteristics in order to expand the range of products for the production of which nanostructured bainitic steels can be used. The tests included measurement of dynamic properties important in the material qualification process for firing tests and for other applications requiring dynamic wear resistance. The novelty of the implemented development of the innovative grade of nanostructured steel and the technology of manufacturing products – including armour systems containing perforated panels made of this grade of steel, consisted in developing the basics of dynamic hardness measurement methods and dynamic indentation tests using a Gleeble simulator.

Analysis of the 9th November 1990 flare

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Anita Joshi ◽  
Wahab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Processing Software ◽  
Image Processing Software

AbstractIn this paper we present complete two-dimensional measurements of the observed brightness of the 9th November 1990Hαflare, using a PDS microdensitometer scanner and image processing software MIDAS. The resulting isophotal contour maps, were used to describe morphological-cum-temporal behaviour of the flare and also the kernels of the flare. Correlation of theHαflare with SXR and MW radiations were also studied.

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