scholarly journals COMPARE THE EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT SUPPORTED TREADMILL TRAINING WITH OVERGROUND GAIT TRAINING ON BALANCE IN SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Abid Khan ◽  
Sumaira Imran Farooqui ◽  
Amna Aamir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Balance Scale ◽  
Consecutive Period

OBJECTIVE Compare the effect of body weight supported treadmill training with over ground gait training on balance in spastic cerebral palsy. STUDY DESIGN Randomized Control Trail STUDY SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS This study was conducted in a Rehabilitation Centre. Twenty eight participants were recruited, fifteen in experimental group and thirteen in control group. All participants were spastic and classified I, II & III at GMCFS. INTERVENTIONS Treatment was given for three days in a week for consecutive period of six weeks which includes BWSTT and overground gait training OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome was measured by using Berg Balance Scale, Brunel Balance Scale, TUG, and TST and Timed 360 Turn. RESULTS Both the techniques shown positive results but BWSTT had shown better result with the mean improvement in Berg Balance Scale (29±7.91 from 25.6±7.46), TUG (22.2±4.2sec from 19.4±4.1sec), Brunel Balance Scale (7.4±2.34 from 6.27±2.52),TST (5.73±1.6 from 4.07±1.58) & Timed 360 Turn (9.4±2.02 sec to 7.87±2.23 sec) with comparison to control group which had a mean improvement in Berg Balance Scale (28.08±7.11 from 26.38±7.14), TUG (21.46±4.0sec from 19.54±3.79), Brunel Balance Scale (7.31±2.32 from 6.54±2.60), TST(5.46±1.56 from 4.31±1.54) & Timed 360 Turn (9.23±1.69sec to 7.85±1.67secs).

Treadmill training with partial body weight support compared with conventional gait training for low-functioning children and adolescents with nonspastic cerebral palsy: A two-period crossover study

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan YW Su ◽  
Kenny KY Chung ◽  
Daniel HK Chow
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
Low Functioning

Background:Partial body weight-supported treadmill training has been shown to be effective in gait training for patients with neurological disorders such as spinal cord injuries and stroke. Recent applications on children with cerebral palsy were reported, mostly on spastic cerebral palsy with single subject design. There is lack of evidence on the effectiveness of such training for nonspastic cerebral palsy, particularly those who are low functioning with limited intellectual capacity.Objectives:This study evaluated the effectiveness of partial body weight-supported treadmill training for improving gross motor skills among these clients.Study design:A two-period randomized crossover design with repeated measures.Methods:A crossover design following an A–B versus a B–A pattern was adopted. The two training periods consisted of 12-week partial body weight-supported treadmill training (Training A) and 12-week conventional gait training (Training B) with a 10-week washout in between. Ten school-age participants with nonspastic cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation were recruited. The Gross Motor Function Measure-66 was administered immediately before and after each training period.Results:Significant improvements in dimensions D and E of the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 and the Gross Motor Ability Estimator were obtained.Conclusions:Our findings revealed that the partial body weight-supported treadmill training was effective in improving gross motor skills for low-functioning children and adolescents with nonspastic cerebral palsy.Clinical relevanceOur preliminary findings demonstrated that partial body weight-supported treadmill training was a treatment of choice for improving gross motor functioning related to standing and ambulation for low-functioning children and adolescents with nonspastic cerebral palsy and limited intellectual capacity.

Effects of robot-(Morning Walk®) assisted gait training for patients after stroke: a randomized controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
JaYoung Kim ◽  
Dae Yul Kim ◽  
Min Ho Chun ◽  
Seong Woo Kim ◽  
Ha Ra Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balance Scale ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Conventional Physiotherapy

Objective: To investigate the effects of Morning Walk®–assisted gait training for patients with stroke. Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Setting: Three hospital rehabilitation departments (two tertiary and one secondary). Patients: We enrolled 58 patients with hemiparesis following a first-time stroke within the preceding year and with Functional Ambulation Category scores ⩾2. Intervention: The patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 30 minutes of training with Morning Walk®, a lower limb rehabilitation robot, plus 1 hour of conventional physiotherapy (Morning Walk® group; n = 28); or 1.5 hour of conventional physiotherapy (control group; n = 30). All received treatment five times per week for three weeks. Main outcome measurements: The primary outcomes were walking ability, assessed using the Functional Ambulation Category scale, and lower limb function, assessed using the Motricity Index-Lower. Secondary outcomes included the 10 Meter Walk Test, Modified Barthel Index, Rivermead Mobility Index, and Berg Balance Scale scores. Results: A total of 10 patients were lost to follow-up, leaving a cohort of 48 for the final analyses. After training, all outcome measures significantly improved in both groups. In Motricity Index-Lower of the affected limb, the Morning Walk® group (∆mean ± SD; 19.68 ± 14.06) showed greater improvement ( p = .034) than the control group (∆mean ± SD; 11.70 ± 10.65). And Berg Balance Scale scores improved more ( p = .047) in the Morning Walk® group (∆mean ± SD; 14.36 ± 9.01) than the control group (∆mean ± SD; 9.65 ± 8.14). Conclusion: Compared with conventional physiotherapy alone, our results suggest that voluntary strength and balance of stroke patients with hemiparesis might be improved with Morning Walk®–assisted gait training combined with conventional physiotherapy.

scholarly journals Body Weight Support Treadmill and Overground Ambulation Training for Two Patients With Chronic Disability Secondary to Stroke

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Winchell Miller ◽  
Matthew E Quinn ◽  
Patricia Gawlik Seddon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Balance Scale ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Ambulation Training ◽  
Walking Time

Abstract Background and Purpose. Body weight support (BWS) treadmill training has recently been shown to be effective for gait training following stroke, but few researchers have measured the usefulness of this intervention in enhancing function, and there are no reports in which BWS overground ambulation was studied. The purposes of this case report were (1) to report the feasibility and patient tolerance for using a BWS system for overground ambulation, (2) to measure the function of patients with chronic stroke (2 years post-stroke) prior to and following BWS treadmill and overground ambulation training, and (3) to describe a protocol used for patient treatment progression using BWS treadmill training. Case Descriptions. The participants were 2 women, aged 87 and 93 years, who had strokes more than 2 years before data collection. A 10-m timed walk test, the Berg Balance Scale, the gait portion of the Tinetti Gait and Balance Assessment, and a measure of step length were administered. Intervention consisted of BWS ambulation training 3 times a week for 6 to 7 weeks. Each day there was BWS treadmill and overground training. Outcomes. Participant A improved most in 10-m walking time and Berg Balance Scale score. Participant B exhibited improvements in step length and 10-m walking time. Discussion. The outcomes suggest that very old patients with chronic functional deficits secondary to cerebrovascular accident tolerated BWS treadmill and overground ambulation training and made improvements following this intervention.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Gait Training Using a Body Weight Support Treadmill and Visual Biofeedback in Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Drużbicki ◽  
Grzegorz Przysada ◽  
Agnieszka Guzik ◽  
Agnieszka Brzozowska-Magoń ◽  
Krzysztof Kołodziej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Biofeedback ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
The Difference

Background.This study was designed to determine whether or not gait training based on the use of treadmill with visual biofeedback and body weight support (BWS) would produce better effects in patients with subacute stroke compared to BWS treadmill training with no visual biofeedback.Materials and Methods.30 patients with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to do body weight supported treadmill training with visual biofeedback (BB group) or BWS treadmill training without visual biofeedback. Their gait was assessed with a 3D system (spatiotemporal gait parameters and symmetry index) and by means of 2-minute walk test (2 MWT), 10-metre walk test (10 MWT), and Timed Up & Go test. Subjects in both groups participated in 15 treadmill training sessions (30 minutes each).Results.The participants from both groups achieved a statistically significant improvement in spatiotemporal gait parameters, walking speed, endurance, and mobility. The average change in the BB group after the end of the programme did not differ significantly compared to the change in the control group. The change in the symmetry index value of stance phase in the BB group was 0.03 (0.02) and in the control group was 0.02 (0.02). The difference was not statistically significant (p=0.902). The statistically significantly higher improvement in the BB group was found in the range of walking speed (p=0.003) and endurance (p=0.012), but the difference between groups was of low clinical significance.Conclusions.The findings do not confirm that BWS treadmill training with the function of visual biofeedback leads to significantly greater improvement in gait compared to BWS treadmill training with no visual biofeedback at an early stage after stroke. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, ID:ACTRN12616001283460.

The effect of robot-assisted gait training on cortical activation in stroke patients: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kyeong Joo Song ◽  
Min Ho Chun ◽  
Junekyung Lee ◽  
Changmin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the robot–assisted gait training on cortical activation and functional outcomes in stroke patients. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned: training with Morning Walk® (Morning Walk group; n = 30); conventional physiotherapy (control group; n = 30). Rehabilitation was performed five times a week for 3 weeks. The primary outcome was the cortical activation in the Morning Walk group. The secondary outcomes included gait speed, 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), FAC, Motricity Index–Lower (MI–Lower), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). RESULTS: Thirty-six subjects were analyzed, 18 in the Morning Walk group and 18 in the control group. The cortical activation was lower in affected hemisphere than unaffected hemisphere at the beginning of robot rehabilitation. After training, the affected hemisphere achieved a higher increase in cortical activation than the unaffected hemisphere. Consequently, the cortical activation in affected hemisphere was significantly higher than that in unaffected hemisphere (P = 0.036). FAC, MBI, BBS, and RMI scores significantly improved in both groups. The Morning Walk group had significantly greater improvements than the control group in 10MWT (P = 0.017), gait speed (P = 0.043), BBS (P = 0.010), and MI–Lower (P = 0.047) scores. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted gait training not only improved functional outcomes but also increased cortical activation in stroke patients.

scholarly journals Short Term Effects of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation with Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training on Gait and Balance in Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Kanika Singhal ◽  
Chitra Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Gait Trainer

Background: Rhythmic auditory stimulation and body weight supported treadmill training both are standardized gait rehabilitation techniques. However there is limited literature evaluating the effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation and its combination with gait training in spinal cord injury. Aim of this study is to determine the short term effectiveness of rhythmic auditory stimulation with body weight supported treadmill training on gait and balance in individuals with incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Method: A randomized control study design. 8 subjects with incomplete spinal cord injury who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups: Experimental and Control. Subjects in experimental group were given body weight supported treadmill training with rhythmic auditory stimulation. Subjects in Control Group were given Body weight supported treadmill training alone. Both the groups received conventional rehabilitation as well. Both groups received training for 30 minutes, five times a week for two weeks (10 sessions). Outcome Measures: Gait parameters i.e. cadence, velocity, step length were measured using the Biodex Gait Trainer 2TM, level of walking performance measured using Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II, and balance was evaluated using Prokin 252NTM , Berg Balance Scale, and Activity specific Balance Confidence scale. Results: No significant improvement was found on gait parameters i.e. cadence, velocity, step length which were measured using the Gait Trainer, level of walking performance measured using WISCI II, and balance which was evaluated using Prokin 252NTM , Berg Balance Scale, and Activity specific Balance Confidence scale. Conclusion: Rhythmic auditory stimulation didn’t have any positive effect on gait training in incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Further studies are warranted to explore the entrainment effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation in spinal cord injured individuals on gait rehabilitation. Keywords: Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS), Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training (BWSTT), Metronome, Incomplete spinal cord injury, Biodex Gait Trainer 2.0, Prokin 252N

scholarly journals Development of Lower Extremity Strength in Ambulatory Children With Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy in Comparison With Typically Developing Controls Using Absolute and Normalized to Body Weight Force Values

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaos Darras ◽  
Eirini Nikaina ◽  
Magda Tziomaki ◽  
Georgios Gkrimas ◽  
Antigone Papavasiliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Muscle Groups

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the development of lower limb voluntary strength in 160 ambulatory patients with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) (106 diplegics/54 quadriplegics) and 86 typically developing (TD) controls, aged 7–16 years. Handheld dynamometry was used to measure isometric strength of seven muscle groups (hip adductors and abductors, hip extensors and flexors, knee extensors and flexors, and ankle dorsiflexors); absolute force (AF) values in pounds were collected, which were then normalized to body weight (NF). AF values increased with increasing age (p < 0.001 for all muscle groups), whereas NF values decreased through adolescence (p < 0.001 for all muscle groups except for hip abduction where p = 0.022), indicating that increases in weight through adolescence led to decreases in relative force. Both AF and NF values were significantly greater in TD subjects when compared with children with CP in all muscle and all age groups (p < 0.001). Diplegics and quadriplegics demonstrated consistently lower force values than TD subjects for all muscle groups, except for the hip extensors where TD children had similar values with diplegics (p = 0.726) but higher than quadriplegics (p = 0.001). Diplegic patients also exhibited higher values than quadriplegics in all muscles, except for the knee extensors where their difference was only indicative (p = 0.056). The conversion of CP subjects' force values as a percentage of the TD subjects' mean value revealed a pattern of significant muscle strength imbalance between the CP antagonist muscles, documented from the following deficit differences for the CP muscle couples: (hip extensors 13%) / (hip flexors 32%), (adductors 27%) / (abductors 52%), and (knee extensors 37%) / (knee flexors 53%). This pattern was evident in all age groups. Similarly, significant force deficiencies were identified in GMFCS III/IV patients when compared with TD children and GMFCS I/II patients. In this study, we demonstrated that children and adolescents with bilateral CP exhibited lower strength values in lower limb muscles when compared with their TD counterparts. This difference was more prevalent in quadriplegic patients and those with a more severe impairment. An important pattern of muscle strength imbalance between the antagonist muscles of the CP subjects was revealed.

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