scholarly journals theoretical investigation about the notion of parts and wholes

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Barcellos ALMEIDA ◽  
Renata Abrantes BARACHO
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Theoretical Investigation ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Issue Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

Within the realm of Information Science, information retrieval is a seminal issue. Knowledge organization systems are instruments that organize knowledge by connecting concepts through semantic relations for purposes of information retrieval. One of the most important of these semantic relations is the so-called part-whole relation. In this paper, we revisit some peculiarities of part-whole relations that are often overlooked by the Information Science community. In order to do this, we provide a theoretical investigation of two perspectives used to explain the notion of parts and wholes: a formal perspective, which is based on the philosophical study usually called mereology; a non-formal perspective, which is based on the linguistic study about a relation called meronym. We discuss the relationship between these perspectives through the issue of transitivity, which is an important property of part-whole relations for information retrieval. We find that these perspectives, although distinguished, are somehow complementary. The results of our analysis suggest that the choice for either a formal or a non-formal perspective could be based on a pragmatic criterion in the scope of development of knowledge organization systems. We conclude by offering some considerations correlating two main sorts of these systems, namely ontologies and thesauri.

scholarly journals Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-319
Author(s):  
Richard P. Smiraglia
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Intellectual Content ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Mental Constructs ◽  
Over Time

A work is a deliberately created informing entity intended for communication. A work consists of abstract intellectual content that is distinct from any object that is its carrier. In library and information science, the importance of the work lies squarely with the problem of information retrieval. Works are mentefacts-intellectual (or mental) constructs that serve as artifacts of the cultures in which they arise. The meaning of a work is abstract at every level, from its creator’s conception of it, to its reception and inherence by its consumers. Works are a kind of informing object and are subject to the phenomenon of instantiation, or realization over time. Research has indicated a base typology of instantiation. The problem for information retrieval is to simultaneously collocate and disambiguate large sets of instantiations. Cataloging and bibliographc tradition stipulate an alphabetico-classed arrangement of works based on an authorship principle. FRBR provided an entity-relationship schema for enhanced control of works in future catalogs, which has been incorporated into RDA. FRBRoo provides an empirically more precise model of work entities as informing objects and a schema for their representation in knowledge organization systems.

scholarly journals ThManager: An Open Source Tool for Creating and Visualizing SKOS

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Lacasta ◽  
Javier Nogueras-Iso ◽  
Francisco Javier López-Pellicer ◽  
Pedro Rafail Muro-Medrano ◽  
Francisco Javier Zarazaga-Soria
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Open Source Tool ◽  
Knowledge Models ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Interchange Format

Knowledge organization systems denotes formally represented knowledge that is used within the context of digital libraries to improve data sharing and information retrieval. To increase their use, and to reuse them when possible, it is vital to manage them adequately and to provide them in a standard interchange format. Simple knowledge organization systems (SKOS) seem to be the most promising representation for the type of knowledge models used in digital libraries, but there is a lack of tools that are able to properly manage it. This work presents a tool that fills this gap, facilitating their use in different environments and using SKOS as an interchange format.

Archival Science and Knowledge Organization: Mapping Methodological Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Thiago Henrique Bragato Barros ◽  
Renato Tarciso Barbosa de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Archival Science ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Controlled Vocabularies ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Access Information ◽  
The Relationship

We discuss the aspects and points of contact between knowledge organization and archival science, based on the texts published in the scope of the International Society of Knowledge Organization, especially concerning classification and description, building a theoretical-conceptual parallel about their points of contact. The aim is to systematize the relations between knowledge organization and archival science within the scope of classification and description. Bibliographic research in ISKO literature and archival literature was performed. Through systematization, it was possible to understand how the relationship between these fields is carried out and how it can be strengthened. The field of knowledge organization makes a pivotal contribution to the development of methodologies to access information. A series of developments in languages, structures and classifications, that is, knowledge organization systems (KOSs), is presented. On the other hand, archival science has been developing simultaneously, but in many moments seeking interlocutions, although superficial or even unintentional with the field of knowledge organization. The approximation of these fields is essential for the development of archival classification and description, aiming for the construction of ontologies, taxonomies and controlled vocabularies among others. These recent approximations must have occurred due to the changes that have happened in the last twenty years in relation to records management and the way people build knowledge and seek information. Also, it is possible to apply KOSs in the administrative digital environment for better archival representation instruments.

scholarly journals Memória e discurso no entremeio das práticas informacionais contemporâneas | Memory and discourse in contemporary information practices

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Goyanes Orrico
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Information Studies ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Strategies

Resumo A contemporaneidade demanda por qualidade no campo da Organização do Conhecimento, no que tange tanto à representação quanto à recuperação da informação, em virtude do impacto provocado pelas novas tecnologias nos serviços de informação. Para tanto apóia-se no pressuposto de que é possível firmarem-se outras estratégias de comunicação humana, com vistas a uma melhor compreensão da relação entre linguagem, informação e dinâmicas sociais contemporâneas. O objetivo é problematizar uma discussão conceitual sobre discurso e memória, no intuito de perceber como tais conceitos afetam a comunicação, em uma tentativa de compreender práticas comunicacionais na atualidade e de como tal compreensão pode contribuir para os estudos do campo informacional. Ao final, apoiado na concepção de gênero discursivo proposta por Bakhtin, este texto acredita ser preciso identificar novos padrões discursivos, de modo a constituir novos gêneros discursivos a fim de que o ciclo informacional ocorra de modo cada vez mais efetivo.Palavras-chave memória; discurso; gênero discursivo; organização do conhecimento Abstract Contemporaneity demands quality in the field of Knowledge Organization, in relation not only to information representation but also to information retrieval, due to the impact of new technologies on information services. In order to achieve this, it presupposes that it is possible to establish new strategies of human communications with a view to a better understanding of the relationship between language, information and contemporary social dynamics. Our aim is to problematize a conceptual discussion about discourse and memory, in order to understand how such concepts affect communication, in an attempt to understand contemporary communication practices and to establish how this understanding may contribute to information studies. Ultimately, based on Bakhtin’s notion of discoursive genre, this text concludes that it is necessary to identify new discoursive patterns, in order to form new discoursive genres, so that the information cycle is realized in an increasingly effective way.Keywords memory; discourse; genre of discourse; knowledge organization 

scholarly journals Topic Evolution of Library and Information Science Studies in the Last Twenty Years: A Co-Word Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Shafi Habibi ◽  
Parvin Abdollahzadeh ◽  
Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda ◽  
Hossein Aghayari
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emerging Topics

Abstract Background and Objectives: Topic evolutions of scientific and academic disciplines can be clarified by drawing scientific maps and identifies emerging or developed topics of scientific disciplines, sub-topics and the relationship between different topics of a discipline. The purpose of this study is to draw a strategic diagram to analyze the developments of the last twenty years of library and information science field. Material and Methods: This was a Scientometrics study with co-occurrence analysis of words that was conducted on ten journals with the highest impact factor in the field of library and information science. Twenty years (1998-2017) publications were extracted from LISTA database and imported into SciMAT software. After preparing the data, all publications were divided into four time periods, strategic diagrams of each period were drawn and topic clusters were analyzed. Results: The largest clusters of the first two periods were "Information Retrieval" and "Bibliometrics", which in the next period "Citation-Analysis" appeared instead of "Information Retrieval" cluster, but nevertheless the largest node of this cluster was "Information Retrieval". These clusters were the most developed topics in the field of library and information science. Conclusion: Information retrieval and bibliometrics are at the forefront of library and information science. Sentiment analysis and information literacy with a cognitive approach are emerging topics in the field. Also, studies related to information production and related indicators have led to qualitative research.

Principles for the Development of Domain Conceptual Models for Knowledge Organization Systems: An Analysis of Methodologies for Developing Learning Paths in the Field of Corporate Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-603
Author(s):  
Gercina Ângela de Lima ◽  
Maria Luiza de Almeida Campos ◽  
Patrícia Lopes Ferreira França
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Knowledge Modeling ◽  
Corporate Education ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Learning Paths ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Concept Systems

This article presents a set of principles for knowledge modeling in knowledge organization systems in specific domains. It discusses the representational problem, comparing the abstraction mechanisms present in the theories related to representation in concept systems, taken from foundational authors of information science, computer science, and terminology approaches. Parallel to this context, several representational possibilities arise to assist the modeler in the activity of elaborating models of representation. It describes the application of theoretical and methodological principles when organizing, representing, and managing navigation on learning paths in the corporate education field. As a concept proof, it exposes a conceptual model of learning paths and discusses a literature review on this subject to verify to what extent these principles are being applied. It concludes that we can consider the principles discussed in this study as relevant, since they expand the modelers’ freedom, not making him hostage to a specific model.

scholarly journals An evaluation of enhancing social tagging with a knowledge organization system

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 447-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Matthews ◽  
Catherine Jones ◽  
Bartłomiej Puzoń ◽  
Jim Moon ◽  
Douglas Tudhope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Social Tagging ◽  
Control Vocabulary ◽  
Information Discovery ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Knowledge Organization System ◽  
Subject Indexing

PurposeTraditional subject indexing and classification are considered infeasible in many digital collections. This paper seeks to investigate ways of enhancing social tagging via knowledge organization systems, with a view to improving the quality of tags for increased information discovery and retrieval performance.Design/methodology/approachEnhanced tagging interfaces were developed for exemplar online repositories, and trials were undertaken with author and reader groups to evaluate the effectiveness of tagging augmented with control vocabulary for subject indexing of papers in online repositories.FindingsThe results showed that using a knowledge organisation system to augment tagging does appear to increase the effectiveness of non‐specialist users (that is, without information science training) in subject indexing.Research limitations/implicationsWhile limited by the size and scope of the trials undertaken, these results do point to the usefulness of a mixed approach in supporting the subject indexing of online resources.Originality/valueThe value of this work is as a guide to future developments in the practical support for resource indexing in online repositories.

scholarly journals Diplomatics as a methodological perspective for archival knowledge organization

NASKO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Natália Bolfarini Tognoli ◽  
José Augusto Chaves Guimarães ◽  
Joseph T Tennis
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Archival Science ◽  
Bibliographic Records ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Knowledge organization is usually discussed in the Library and Information Science community, but it is a concept rarely applied to archival science. It occurs, among other things, due the fact that until the late twentieth century the discipline did not recognize information as its object of study, studying only the record and the archive. Archival science began to consider information asits object of study when in 1988, in North America, the authors Couture, Ducharme, and Rousseau, proposed the use of the terms “organic information” and “nonorganic information”, defining the former as one created and received by a physical person or entity in the course of a practical activity, and the latter as one contained in bibliographical records, replacing therefore the concepts of archival and bibliographic records, in archival science research.

scholarly journals Meaning in philosophy and meaning in information retrieval (IR)

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Thornley ◽  
Forbes Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Role Of Information

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the question of whether the differences between meaning in philosophy and meaning in information retrieval (IR) have implications for the use of philosophy in supporting research in IR.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of a conceptual analysis and literature review.FindingsThere are some differences in the role of meaning in terms of purpose, content and use which should be clarified in order to assist a productive relationship between the philosophy of language and IR.Research limitations/implicationsThis provides some new theoretical insights into the philosophical context of IR. It suggests that further productive work on the central concepts within IR could be achieved through the use of a methodology which analyses how exactly these concepts are discussed in other disciplines and the implications of any differences in the way in which they may operate in IR.Originality/valueThe paper suggests a new perspective on the relationship between philosophy and IR by exploring the role of meaning in these respective disciplines and highlighting differences, as well as similarities, with particular reference to the role of information as well as meaning in IR. This contributes to an understanding of two of the central concepts in IR, meaning and information, and the ways in which they are related. There is a history of work in IR and information science (IS) examining dilemmas and the paper builds on this work by relating it to some similar dilemmas in philosophy. Thus it develops the theory and conceptual understanding of IR by suggesting that philosophy could be used as a way of exploring intractable dilemmas in IR.

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